I-Pey Prickly ingeyomndeni wakwaCactus. I-perennial, izwe lakubo - izindawo ezihlala izingane zaseCentral America, e-Argentina, zikhula ngokuzithandela eTurkmenistan, eCrimea, eCaucasus. Kutholakale ubusika obuqinile eCanada.
Incazelo ye-botanical ye-prickly pear
Emvelweni wemvelo, lezi izihlahla ezinkudlwana noma izihlahla ezincane ezifika ku-6 m ubude, ezimeni zangaphakathi - izihlahla ezihlangene.
Izingxenye eziphansi, ezi-oval, ezinamanzi empeleni zimelela isiqu esiguquliwe. Amaqabunga angempela ayizinwele nameva. Izimbali ezingashadile, ezimile fan phezulu, zihlobisa kakhulu: ezinkulu, ezikhanyayo, ziphuzi, orenji noma zibomvu ngezinsimbi ezicwebezelayo.
Izithelo ziyavuthwa; lapho zivuthwa, ziguqula umbala zisuka eziluhlaza zibe bugundund okhanyayo. Babukeka njengamajikijolo, ukunambitheka kumnandi. Bawumkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile, uqukethe uhla lwezinto eziwusizo: amavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, izinto ezingama-antibiotic, ama-hormone, ama-enzyme, ama-sterols. Ayisebenzi nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokwelapha, asetshenziswa ekwelapheni kwendabuko.
Kubalulekile. Ezithelo nasezimbizeni kukhona izinhlobo ezikhethekile zameva - i-glochidia. Bayazifihla njengama-fluffs angenabungozi, kepha empeleni anzima futhi anezingwegwe. Ukuyithinta kuyingozi: kunzima ukubona nokukhipha i-glochidia, ingadala ukulimala okukhulu esikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokudla izithelo, kufanele zihlanzwe kahle.
Izinhlobo zeprayirick prickly
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu:
| Okuhlukahlukene | Incazelo | Izimbali |
| ISharow (i-Opuntia microdasys) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-1 Ngokwesilinganiso, amakamelo afinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Amagatsha egatsha mancane, ahlanganiswe kakhulu nge-glochidia, okwenza lesi sitshalo sabonakala sinjenge-shaggy. Akunameva. | Lemon ophuzi, aze afike ku-5 cm. |
| Kucindezelwe (i-Opuntia stricta) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-2 cm ubude obude, okuluhlaza okotshani. Imiphunga ayivelakancane. | I-wax ephuzi egqamile, igcwele, ifinyelela ku-7 cm. |
| Umdwebo, elinye igama elijwayelekile - Indian (Opuntia ficus-indica) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-4. Izigaba zikhulu, ngentende yesidoda esidala, imile okwehloka, iluhlaza okotshani, ayiyinqaba. | Okuphuzi. |
| I-Berger (Opntia Bergeriana) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-1 Izingxenye zeziqu - kufika ku-20-25 cm, ngombala ogqamile ngombala, ama-spines anamandla, kepha hhayi amaningi, ama-glochidia ahlanganiswe eduze kwama-buds. | Utamatisi obomvu, amacembe akhanyayo, usilika. |
| Ikhaya (Opuntia basilaris) | Kufika ku-50 cm.Izigaba zombala obandayo onsundu obuluhlaza obuluhlaza. Kukhona ameva ambalwa. | Okukhulu, okunoshukela omningi kakhulu, okuvuthayo, okubomvana, okubomvu noma okubomvu. |
| ILindheimer (Opuntia lindheimeri) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-3,5 cm ubude, okuluhlaza okotshani, okunama-sparse spikes. | Kuphuzi okugqamile. |
| Izinwele ezimhlophe (Opuntia leucotricha) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-5 Izakhi zeziqu eziguquliwe - kufika ku-20 cm, ameva kanye ne-glochidia kukhulu kakhulu. | Uphuzi we-Juicy, mkhulu kakhulu. |
| Okuvamile (Opuntia vulgaris) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-6. Imisamo inesimo esivumelanayo se-oval, umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Izingxenye ezivuthiwe kuphela ezinokuphamba. | Umbala okhanyayo ophuzi. Izithelo ezisesimweni nombala zifana nemango ongavuthiwe. |
| I-long-axis, noma i-Long-spiked (Opuntia longispina) | Kufika ku-30 cm. Izingxenye zeziqu zifinyelela ku-4 cm, ama-Spines ubude, abukhali. I-Globalchidia ibomvu, miningi. | Ubomvu ngomlilo. |
| I-Curacao (Opuntia curassavica) | Kufika ku-15 cm. Izigatshana ezincane ziluhlaza okotshani. I-Areolae ephuzi, ngalinye linomgogodla abaningana. | Okuphuzi, okuphakathi nendawo. |
| I-Pubescent (Opuntia tomentosa) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-8 - Izihlahla ezikhanyayo ziluhlaza, zifinyelela ku-20 cm. Isici - ameva acishe abe engekho. | Elikhulu, elibomvu likatamatisi. |
| UCherie (Opuntia scheerii) | Kufika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Izinhlobo zensiza eluhlaza okotshani engajwayelekile, ejabulisa kakhulu amehlo, inesimo esihle esiyindilinga. Imbozwe kahle ama-areoles anezinhlansi kanye ne-glochidia. | Iphuzi eliphuzi, i-terry, njengama roses, elineminyaka yobudala lithola umbala onsomi. |
| Isikwati (Opuntia humifsa) | Kufika kuma-cm angama-30. Izingxenye zeziqu ziyisicaba, ziboshwe ngamabhodwe, ziyindilinga, zifinyelela ku-10 cm, ziluhlaza grey, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ezinye zincane. Imiphunga mide, ayishadi. | Okuphuzi, kuze kufike ku-5 cm. |
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinwele ezinjengezinwele ezincane noma ezicindezelwe zithathwa njengezicwengisisa umoya. Owokuqala uvame ukukhula kumakamelo, uyaziswa ngosayizi wawo oxineneyo. Okudume kakhulu kulinywayo lwezimboni ikhiwane. Lapho bekhuluma ngezinzuzo zephiniga enobuhlakani, basho okulandelayo.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-pear ngobuqili ekhaya
Ukunakekela i-prickly pear kuvame ukuba nzima kuphela ngoba abalimi abaningi abaqalayo behluleka ukubhekana nokufisa kokuhlala benakekela isitshalo esisha. Kepha amapere prickly akadingi ukunakwa njalo.
Ukunisela okuncane, okufakwayo, kepha okwenziwa ngesikhathi - lokhu konke ukunakekelwa okudingekayo. Eqinisweni, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyibeka endaweni efanele, ihlinzeke ukukhanya, umswakama ophansi kanye nokushisa okufanele ehlobo nasebusika. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isitshalo kufanele sishiywe sodwa.
| Isici sokunakekelwa | Izincomo |
| Beka | Eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga nangaseningizimu mpumalanga. |
| Ukuphefumula | Isitshalo sithanda isikhala nomoya omningi omusha. |
| Ukukhanya | Ilanga eliqondile eliningi. |
| Umswakama | 40-50% nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. |
| Ukushisa | + 20 ... +28 ° C ehlobo, + 5 ... +7 ° C ebusika. |
| Umanyolo | Akuvamile futhi (isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga ehlobo) noma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali onokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephansi awudingekile. |
Ukunakekelwa kobusika efulethini elijwayelekile
Akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba lokuhlela ubusika obupholile obupholile ekhaya. Njengomthetho, izinga lokushisa lekamelo alihlukile kunehlobo ehlobo. Ungasikhanyisela kanjani isitshalo ebusika obunje?
- Nikeza ukukhanyisela emuva.
- Nisela i-cactus ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha yisebenzise kancane futhi ngokucophelela. Kuyinto efiselekayo ngendlela engezansi (ngokubeka imbiza esitsheni samanzi imizuzu engama-2-3).
- Vikela umswakama ophezulu. Kungcono ukungabeki izitshalo eziseduze ezidinga ukufafazwa njalo.
Kubalulekile! Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamapheya abonakalayo aziqhakaze emakamelweni. Akukhulunywa ngeminyaka kuphela, kepha futhi kumayelana nemibandela. Ukwenza ama-buds wezimbali, udinga ubusika obude, obupholile nobomile. Ngokuvamile izimbali zitholakala kuphela kumagatsha okugcina izithombo.
Ukuthambisa kwesizini kanye lokushisa lokugcina
Isizini kufanele icatshangwe. Ukunisela kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube okulinganiselayo, kepha kukhona ama-nuances.
| Isikhathi | Izici zokunisela | Izimo zokushisa ze-Optimum |
| Ntwasahlobo | Kuphela uma umhlabathi waphezulu womile. | + 18 ... +24 ° C. |
| Ihlobo | Ngomgomo ofanayo, kodwa kaningi kaningi. | + 18 ... +28 ° C. |
| Ukuwa | Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuphuza siyakhula kancane, sicishe sinciphise uNovemba. | + 18 ... +20 ° C. |
| Ubusika | Akudingeki. | + 5 ... +7 ° C. |
Ukutshala, ukufakelwa, inhlabathi
Amaparele amaningi ahlobili prickly, ngokwesibonelo, ama-stricta, akhula ngobubanzi kunokuphakama. Zonke izinhlobo zinesistimu yezimpande enamandla ekhula ngobubanzi, hhayi ngokujula. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukukhetha amabhodwe abanzi. Leli phuzu libalulekile kulabo abafuna ukwenza ukuqhuma kwe-cactus. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyaqhakaza kuphela lapho zifinyelela ebudaleni.
I-pearl enobuhlakani ayithandi ukuhlushwa; kufanele uphazamise uhlelo lwezimpande kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ama-cacti amancane atshalwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngonyaka, ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni emi-3 - isikhathi esi-4 eminyakeni emi-4. Inqubo yenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo, futhi uma kungekho kuphela amaqabunga esitshalweni.
Inhlabathi ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 2: 2: 2: ubumba, isihlabathi, ishidi nethreff land. Kudingeka amanzi amancanyana kuze kufike kubhasikidi wembiza obude obu-1-3, ohlanganisa ungqimba lwamatshe amatshe nesihlabathi.
Ukuzala
I-Opuntia isatshalaliswa yimbewu nangokusanhlamvu. Indlela yembewu izothatha isikhathi esiningi:
- Lungiselela ingxube yesihlabathi, namalahle, ama-humus avela kwipallet yamahlamvu - ingxenye engu-1 yento ngayinye.
- Imbewu iyashiswa (iphathwa ngefayela lesipikili noma i-sandpaper ukusiza amahlumela ukuthi adabule igobolondo elinzima).
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo esikhanyayo se-pink of potanganum permanganate. Imizuzu eyi-10.
- Zibekwe phezu kwenhlabathi elungiselelwe, zifafazwe ngengqimba yesihlabathi.
- Mboza ngengilazi.
- Faka umoya futhi u-moisturize nsuku zonke.
- Imbewu ingamila ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ngokwesilinganiso, afana ncamashi - kuvunyelwe ngabo ukuthi bahlale phansi izinyanga ezi-3. Imbewu enezici ezinhle izomila kuze kufike kumaviki ayisithupha.
- Lapho kuvela ingxenye yesibili, ama-cacti amasha atshalwa emabhodweni ahlukile.
Ukusakazeka ngokusika kudume kakhulu:
- Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, izingcezu zinqunywa ezingxenyeni zazo ngomunye.
- Zigcine emoyeni izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze abaphulukisi abasikiwe.
- Ukusika okulungiselelwe kulinywe esihlabathini futhi kumbozwe ngezimbiza zeglasi.
- Usuku ngalunye, amabhange asuswa imizuzu engama-40, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokuthi izitshalo zibole.
- Inhlabathi ivundiswa njalo.
- Izinga lapho izimpande zivela khona kuncike ezinhlotsheni, kepha njengomthetho, le yinqubo esheshayo.
- Lapho izimpande zivela, i-cacti itshalwa ezitsheni ngazinye.
Amaphutha ekunakekelweni kwe-prickly pear
Ngokungeziwe ngephutha eliyinhloko - ukuthambisa ngokweqile njalo - okulandelayo kungenzeka:
- Uma i-pear prickly iqhakazile, imbiza akufanele nje ukuthi inyakaziswe, kepha futhi ijikelezwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-buds azowa.
- Amawindi aseningizimu, kepha anombala, enyakatho, entshonalanga nasempumalanga - ngeke asebenze.
- Ukushintshwa kwezimo kuyaphazamiseka. Uma i-peick prickly ibingekho endaweni ekhanyayo kakhulu, ungayibeki masinyane emphemeni oseningizimu oshisayo - lokhu kuzoholela ekushisweni.
- Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu ebusika. Elungile lamapheya prickly - + 5 ... +7 ° C. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amalunga azokwelula, bese izimbali zasehlobo ziba buthakathaka noma zingabi nakancane.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo we-nitrogen. I-nitrogen inegalelo ekuqoqweni kwesisindo esiluhlaza, esimweni se-pear prickly, lokhu kuzoholela ekunwetshisweni kweziqu kanye nokulahleka kokuhlobisa.
Izifo, izilokazane
Njengomthetho, ithini lamapheya ahlanzekile awahlushwa yizifo noma izilokazane. Kepha ngokuntuleka kokunakekelwa, noma ukungena engadini efuywayo yesitshalo esinegciwane, ungangena ezinkingeni.
| Izifo, inkathazo | Incazelo yenkinga, izimpawu | Izindlela zokulwa |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Yenza iwebhu yesigcawu ibe mhlophe ngeziqu, inamachashazi amhlophe amhlophe kuyo, iziqu eziphuzi, ukukhula okubuthakathaka. |
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| Isihlangu | Ukuswakama okuncane okwenziwe ngeziqu ezinhlamvwini kuyizinambuzane "ezindlini" ze-wax. Lesi sitshalo sifaka ujusi onamathelayo, sikhula sibi. Ezindaweni zokuqongelela izinambuzane, izicubu ziphuzi. |
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| I-Mealybug | Mhlophe uhlaka ekuhlanganeni kwamalunga. |
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| AmaNematode | Ukuvuvukala ezimpandeni, kuvame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. |
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| Ukulimala okufika lapho | Amabala ansundu esihlahleni. Lesi sifo sinolaka kakhulu, sisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu. |
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| Ukubola kwezimpande | Iziqu ezithambile, eziphuzi, ezimbozwe ngamabala amnyama ansundu, iphunga elijwayelekile lokuola. | |
| Anthracnose | Amabala ayizicucu zombala onsundu onomkhawulo wokukhanya kwesheke. | Thatha izinyathelo ezifanayo nasendabeni yokulimala sekwephuzile, uwena kuphela ongakwazi ukufaka isitshalo. Ukudlulisela enhlabathini entsha uma ukususwa kweziqu ezithintekile nokusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides kungasizanga. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: izakhiwo eziwusizo zeparele elinomdlandla
Izici ezinenzuzo zesitshalo nokusetshenziswa kwazo kwezempilo kukhulu. Izimfanelo ezibalulekile zezithelo neziqu zifundwe kahle esibonelweni sethanga lomkhiwane:
- Izithelo zinambitha futhi zinempilo zombili zisefomeni entsha futhi esetshenzisiwe (ukomisa, ukupheka). Zibonakaliswa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-vitamin C, okusetshenziswa njengekhambi le-scurvy.
- Iziqu ezinamafutha nazo zilungele ukudla. EMexico, zithathwa njengemifino, ewusizo emazingeni aphakeme we-fiber yokudla, amavithamini kanye namaminerali.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-stram litramine kunamandla okunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamafutha, kunciphise iphango. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abanenkinga yokukhuluphala, ukunciphisa umzimba kanye nokwenza umzimba ube ngokwejwayelekile.
- Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwezinto ezi-bioactive, i-prickly pear ishiya i-cholesterol ephansi, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, yenze izinga lamahomoni, ushukela wegazi kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa, liphathe izilonda zesisu futhi lenze njengokuvimbela umdlavuza nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Izithelo ezidliwayo zizosiza ekugcineni ubuhle besikhumba nezinwele. Njengomuntu wokugcoba, kusetshenziswa uwoyela ompunga obukekayo. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, uwoyela wemvelo unephunga elimnandi kakhulu le-herbal herbal, uthakwa kakhulu, futhi usebenza kakhulu ngokumelene nemibimbi.
Imbali ayiqukethe lutho olunobuthi, ama-contraindication lincane. Akufanele udle izithelo eziningi kakhulu, ugcwala ukuqunjelwa. Kepha ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ukugwinywa kwe-glochidia - kubangela ukulimala mucosa esiswini, futhi kususwa kuphela ngonya. Izithelo zidwetshwe kumagilavu aminyene ngebhulashi lensimbi.
Ngokusobala, ukubukeka kuyakhohlisa. Ukubonakala okumangazayo, okungenasizotha kokujwayelekile kwangaphakathi kwe-cactus kufihla okuqukethwe okunothile. Uma ungeza kulokhu inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo, ukusuka ezinwantweni ezincane kuya kwezikhulukazi, ukuqhakaza okumangazayo nokungahloniphi, kuba sobala ukuthi kungani ubuhlalu obunamandla buvame ukuba yinto ehlanganayo noma etshaliwe emakamelweni.
