I-Begonia elatior iyinhlobonhlobo enhlobonhlobo yezimbali ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ze-tuber nezeSocrotran. Ungowomndeni wakwaBergonia. Indawo yokusabalalisa - iNingizimu Melika.
Izici begonia elatior
Iphawuleka ngokuqhakaza kwayo okuningi futhi okude. Lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukukhiqiza amahlumela amaningi, kuwo wonke ama-buds ayi-10, izithunzi - ukusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokubomvu okunothile.
I-Begonia elatior ayinayo i-tuber, eyenza lula ukunakekelwa kwayo.
Lesi sitshalo siphakathi kwezihlahlana futhi sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30-45. Amahlamvu anesimo sokuqala, esikhumbuza izinhliziyo ezinama-halves angalingani, umbala uluhlaza ogqamile, onqenqemeni olucwengekile emaphethelweni. Iziqu zinamanzi, ziqinile futhi ziwugqinsi.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-begonia elatior
Efulethini, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-begonia elatior ziyabiwa:
| Ibanga | Incazelo | Izimbali |
| Baladin | Ifinyelela ku-30 cm, kepha ama-peduncle anobude obuhlukile, okunomthelela ekwakhiweni komphumela we-multi-tiered. Isitshalo sithole igama lesidlaliso "isitsha sezimbali ebhodweni" futhi sivame ukutholwa ngamaholide ahlukahlukene. | Umbala - obomvu obujulile. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngonyaka. |
| AmaBorias | Izinhlobonhlobo zivulekile eNgilandi futhi zibukeka njengama roses asendulo. I-Peduncle i-multi-tiered. Amahlamvu acwebezelayo. | Umbala - upinki okhanyayo noma amakhorali. I-efihlekile inkulu kakhulu, i-terry. |
| UGrace | ISoutheast Asia ithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kufike ku-35 cm. | Bomvu, siqhakaze kabili ngonyaka futhi ungapheli amandla izinyanga ezimbalwa. |
Izici zokutshala begonia elatior futhi umnakekele
Lapho usuka ekhaya uyomela lesi simbali, udinga ukunaka inkathi yonyaka:
| I-Factor | Ntwasahlobo ehlobo | Ukuwa kobusika |
| Indawo / Isibani | Lesi sitshalo sinesithombe esikhulu, kepha asikubekezeleli ukukhanya okuqondile (ezinhlotsheni zokwethala, inani lamacembe liyancipha futhi liphenduka liphuzi). Izindawo ezifanelekileyo zokubekwa yifasitela lasentshonalanga noma lasempumalanga. | Kufakwe enanini lezitshalo ezinokukhanya kosuku okufushane, ngakho-ke emakhazeni akudingi ukukhanyiswa okwengeziwe. |
| Ukushisa | + 18 ... +20 ° С. Ngamanani aphansi, imbali iyayeka ukukhula kwayo futhi yehlise ukuqhuma. | |
| Umswakama | 60-70%. Ukuze ulondoloze ukusebenza okudingayo, imbiza ifakwa esikhwameni esigcwele i-peat, moss kanye ne-irondite enomswakama. | 55-65 %. |
| Ukunisela | Ngemuva kokumisa ukoma kwodaka ngesigamu. Ungavumeli ukuzanyazanyiswa kwamanzi epanini. | Kanye ngenyanga. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Kanye emva kwamaviki ama-3 ngomanyolo wamaminerali (lapho kufakwa izakhi zomzimba, izimbali ziba ziningi, futhi umbala uphenduka upende). | Misa. |
Ngemuva kokubhekana nezimpawu zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, kufanele unake ukutshala kwayo kanye nokutshalwa kwazo.
Ukutshala nokufaka okunye esikhundleni sa-begonias
Izimpande zezimbali zincanyana futhi zintekenteke, ngakho-ke kuhamba kahle emikhunjini emincane. Umhlabathi kumele ukhululwe futhi uvunde, ukwazi ukugcina umswakama, kepha futhi womile kahle. Isitshalo akudingeki ukuthi sithathelwe indawo ngemuva kokuthengwa, ngoba akubekezelelwa kahle. Kepha uma kunesidingo, kuzodingeka usebenzise i-substrate yokuzilungiselela evela kulezi zinto ezilandelayo kwisilinganiso se-2: 2: 2: 1: 1:
- umhlabathi we-peaty;
- abamba ukushisa kanye namaqabunga humus;
- isihlabathi somfula wamalahle;
- isisekelo.
Imvamisa yokudluliselwa kwezitshalo ezincane - isikhathi esingu-1 ngonyaka. Imbiza enobubanzi obungu-4-5 cm mkhulu kunangaphambili iyadingeka. Lapho i-begonia elatior ineminyaka engu-4 ubudala, ayisasebenzi.
Lapho unakekela abamele abasha bezinhlobonhlobo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ku-pinch evamile yokwakha. Ukuze ulondoloze amandla nokubukeka okunempilo kwembali, kuyadingeka ukusika ukuqothuka kwama-inflorescence ngesikhathi futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zomzimba. Ngemuva kwalolu hlobo lokugqoka oluphezulu, iziqu ziba sobala futhi zibe brittle.
Ukuzala begonia elatior
Ukuzala kabusha kwenziwa ngezindlela ezi-3:
- ngembewu;
- ukusika;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla sikamama.
Imbewu
Yaziwa njengenketho enzima kakhulu yokukhulisa imbali. Kepha uma ukukhetha kwehlela imbewu, bese kunconywa ukuyithenga esitolo sengadi, lapho ivezwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- ezejwayelekile - hhayi ngaphansi kokucutshungulwa;
- granular (dragees) - kulula ukusebenza nabo.
Noma ngabe kukhethwe ini, imiyalo yokutshala iyafana:
- Imbewu ifakwe isigamu sehora kusisombululo esingu-1% se-potanganum permanganate.
- Ukutshala isitoko kuyagezwa bese kuthuthelwa ebhodweni eline-peat elithambile.
- Imikhumbi ifakwa esikhwameni futhi imbozwe ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene evela phezulu; amanzi ahlala engezwa lapha.
- Nikeza izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe + 20 ... +22 ° С.
- Ngokuya ngemibandela, amahlumela okuqala azokwakha emavikini angama-2-3.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga leqiniso le-3, ukukhiwa kwenziwa, kuyaphindwa emavikini ayi-8 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezithombo.
- Ngemuva kokuba izimbali zitshalwe emikhunjini ehlukile.
Izimbumbulu
Abalimi abaningi bancamela ukusikwa, ngoba le ndlela iyashesha kunazo zonke, ethembeke kakhulu futhi yenza sikwazi ukugcina izici zezinhlobonhlobo.
Ngale ndlela yokuzala, kusetshenziswa amahlumela anobude obungu-8-12 cm. Zombili zi-apical (zithatha emaphethelweni esiqu sesitshalo) kanye naphakathi. Into esemqoka ukuthi izinso ezingama-2-3 zikhona kuzo.
Amahlamvu angaphezulu asusiwe, esimweni esiphambene, ayondliwa ihlumela. Ngemuva kwalokho izingcezu zomiswa kancane.
I-mizizi yezinqubo zenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- endaweni enomswakama;
- emhlabathini.
Esimweni sokuqala, phansi kwezithombo ezisikiwe zibekwa emanzini athambileko okushisa kwe- + 20 ... +21 ° C. Faka isicelo kanzima futhi kubanda akuvunyelwe nakancane. Ngokulandelayo, isitsha sibekwa egumbini eliqhakazile elinokushisa kububanzi + 18 ... +20 ° С. Umthamo kufanele ube sobala, khona-ke ngendlela yesikhathi esizayo kuzokwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusikwa kwama-rots enqubo. Kulesi simo, kususwa emanzini, izindawo ezithintekile ziyasuswa, zomiswe bese ziphinda zishiywe emanzini. Ngemuva kokwakheka kwezimpande ngobude obungu-1-2 cm, ukhuni luhanjiswa emhlabathini olungele ukukhula bese lusebenza njengokuthi ukufakelwa okulula.
Lapho usebenzisa indlela yesibili yokubamba imbambo, kuthathwa isigaqa esingaphansi komhlaba, okubandakanya ukuthambisa okwenziwe ngomswakama, isihlabathi somfula nenhlabathi efanelekile ngabantu abathandayo (1: 1: 2). Ingxenye yale nqubo iqala ukucwilisa emanzini, bese kuba yithuluzi elenza lula ukwakheka kwama-rhizomes (Heteroauxin, Kornevin).
Inhlabathi efanelekile ithululelwa esitsheni esincane (esifana nosayizi wesibambo). Leli hlumela linamathele emhlabathini, elisikiwe lingcwatshwa ngo-1-2 cm. Ngokulandelayo, umkhumbi uvalwe ngokuqinile ngembiza noma ubekwe esitsheni esine-translucent futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho ingxenye imbali ethinta izindonga zohlaza abamba ukushisa.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amafomu e-condbuyekezo ethangini, lokhu kukhombisa ukwakheka kwe-microclimate edingekayo. Ngemuva kwalomzuzu, lo greenhouse uvulwa nsuku zonke for airing umzuzu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, ukugoqa kuyasuswa. Isithombo sithuthelwa ebhodweni eligcwele inhlabathi yezitshalo zabantu abadala.
Ukwehlukaniswa nge-Bush
Ngale ndlela i-begonia isakazeka entwasahlobo, ngokufakelwa okulandelayo:
- Khipha isitshalo ebhodweni elidlule.
- Hlanza amagatsha amadala, ama-inflorescence, amaqabunga amakhulu.
- Bafaka imbali emanzini afudumele, bayisebenzise ngokucophelela ukukhulula uhlelo lwezimpande enhlabathini.
- Ngommese obukhali, ihlumela elincane elinso lihlukaniswe esihlahleni sikamama kanye nempande.
- Ukuze kube nokubangwa okungcono, baphathwa nge-ukukhula ngcono (i-Epin, Zircon).
Amaphutha ku-Elatior Begonia Ukunakekelwa, Izifo kanye Nezinambuzane
Ngesikhathi sokutshala i-begonia elatior, kungavela ubunzima obuthile obuhambisana nokunakekelwa okungafanele kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezifo nezinambuzane:
| Izimpawu Ukuboniswa kwangaphandle emaqabungeni | Isizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Ukomisa ezungeze imiphetho. | Umswakama womoya ophansi. | Imbali ihlelwe kabusha egumbini elinomswakama futhi ngezikhathi ezithile luthambisa umoya. |
| Ukushiswa nokuphuzi. | Amazinga okushisa aphansi. | Isitshalo sibekwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa aphezulu. |
| Ukubuna. | Umoya ongcolile kakhulu, ukuntuleka komswakama. | Imbiza ihanjiswa kwenye indawo, uma kunesidingo, iniselwa kakhulu. |
| Ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza. Ukuphela. | Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. | Umhlabathi uphekelwa ngomanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali. |
| Ukubonakala kwewebhu elincanyana elimhlophe. Ukuhlola. | Isikhala sesicabucabu. | Baphathwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane iKarbofos, iTiophos noma i-Actellic. Ukhipha izigaxa zifafazwa ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi kuze kufe izinambuzane. Ungayipheka kanjani:
|
| Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Powdery kombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. | Isikhunta grey. | Futha ngeBenomil bese uthuthela egumbini elinokushisa okuphezulu. |
| Inhlanganisela emhlophe. | I-Powdery Mildew | |
| Ukujikeleza nokwenza mnyama mnyama kohlelo lwezimpande. | Ukubola okumpande okumnyama. | Misa ukunisela, sebenzisa iBenomil bese udlulisela egumbini elinomswakama omncane. |
| Ukubola. | Umswakama owedlulele | Yehlisa imvamisa yokunisela ngesikhathi sokufafaza, vikela umswakama ukuthi ungangeni imbali. |
| Ukuguqulwa, ukubala okuphuzi. | Ikhukhamba mosaic. | Isitshalo siyaphonswa kude, imbiza iyabulala amagciwane, inhlabathi ishintshiwe. |
Ukuvela kwe-sagging ezimpandeni. Ukuhlanya. | AmaNematode. |
Kunezinkinga eziningi lapho kukhula i-elatior begonia, kepha uma ubona ushintsho ngesikhathi futhi usususa kuzo, lesi sitshalo siyojabulela ukuqhakaza okuxakile nokubukeka okunempilo.
Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhethweni komanyolo kanye ne-hydration, ngoba lezi zikhathi zithinta ngqo isimo sesitshalo futhi azikwazi nje ukuvusa ukuvela kwezifo, kodwa futhi kuholele ekufeni imbali.
Abalimi batusa ukuthi kuhlolwe imbali kanye ngenyanga ngezifo nezinambuzane, ngaleyo ndlela baqale ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.
