I-Chives noma u-anyanisi bathanda ukukhulela amavithamini okuqala kanye nemifino enomsoco. NgesiJalimane, igama elithi "Schnitt" lisho "isitshalo sokusika oluhlaza." Kodwa-ke, isiko ngokuvamile sivuthwa hhayi nje kuphela ukuthola imifino yemifino, kodwa futhi ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. I-Chives ine-inflorescences enhle yama-lilac-pink, ephuma, kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ikwazi ukuhlobisa noma yiliphi i-cottage kanye nesakhiwo esivumelana nayo. I-Chives ihlukaniswa ukungathobeki nokulula kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ngakho-ke ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwayo ngeke kube nzima ngisho nabalimi be-novice.
Uyazi? I-Chives inamagama amaningana: izwe ngalinye linalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ePortugal nase-Italy ibizwa ngokuthi "u-anyanisi wesiNgisi"; eningizimu yeYurophu - "tribulka"; e-Bulgaria - "ijubane"; futhi e-Ukraine ibizwa ngokuthi "uRezan" noma "Rezun". Namuhla, isiko sakhula yonke indawo hhayi kuphela eYurophu, kodwa nase-USA, India, China, Iran, Japan naseRussia.
I-Skoroda: incazelo kanye nezici eziphilayo
I-Chives iyisitshalo esingapheli somndeni we-anyanisi. Inamaqabunga amancane, afakwe ama-awl, ama-25-40 cm ubude. Ama-bulb ahlangene, ama-oblong, ama-egg, ama-2-4 cm ubude, aphenduke ngokucacile abe yi-stem yamanga. Lona uhlobo oluyigugu kakhulu lwe-anyanisi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali. Iqukethe u-10-12% wendaba eyomile, cishe u-3% ushukela, kuze kufike ku-3.9% amaprotheni, kanye nama-amino acid ayigugu: i-arginine, i-histidine, i-lysine, i-methionine, i-tryptophan, njll. Amaminerali amaminerali, aqukethe i-boron nensimbi, aqoqa amaqabunga anyanisi. , i-calcium, i-potassium, i-manganese, i-molybdenum, isulfure, i-zinc, njll, kanye ne-vitamin C (kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-140 mg /%), i-carotene (kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku- 6 mg /%).
Ama-anyanisi a-Schnitt, njengabanye abameleli bama-anyanisi, aqukethe i-phytoncides, ngakho-ke izakhiwo zalo eziwusizo zihlonishwa futhi zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa nokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo. Lesi sitshalo sinemibandela eminingi yezinto eziphilayo, phakathi kwazo okuphezulu ukuqina kweqhwa. Ngakho umnsalo ubekezelela ubusika endaweni evulekile ngisho naseMpumalanga Siberia nase-Arctic. Ngenxa yalesi sici, imifino yama-chives phakathi kwe-latitudes ingatholakala kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nakuDisemba.
Endaweni eyodwa u-anyanisi angakhula kuze kube ngu-10, kodwa isivuno esicebile kakhulu sitholakala ngeminyaka emibili kuya kwemibili yokulima. Ama-blooms amasiko ngonyaka wesibili wenkathi ekhulayo, futhi imicibisholo yayo emibalabala isincane, kuze kube ngu-30-50 cm ubude. Izimbali ziyingcosana, i-spherical, i-purple, i-pink ne-purple. Izimbali ze-chives nazo zingaba mhlophe ngombala, njengezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha "u-Elvi".
Uyazi? Izimbiza ezimhlophe zivame kakhulu, kuphela emahlathini aseScandinavia. Ngokomlando, enyakatho enkulu yeSweden uhlala e-elf enhle okuthiwa u-Elvi, - Indodakazi yenhlanzeko nomlingo. Ngodumo lwakhe, futhi wabizwa ngokuthi yi-belotsvetkovyy ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene. Izimbali ezimhlophe zalesi sitshalo ekushoneni kwelanga zikhishwa ngamama-pearl amahle, futhi ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka sine-sheen yesiliva.
Indawo nenhlabathi yokutshala
Umhlabathi wesitshalo ulungiselelwe ekwindla. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-chives, umhlabathi kuze kube yi-30 cm ejulile bese wenza u-7-10 kg / mg wezindaba eziphilayo: i-humus, umquba, nama-fertilizer amaminerali: superphosphate ne-urea, 1 tbsp. isipuni ngemitha engu-1 yenhlabathi. Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi nje kokutshala, indawo idinga ukuhanjiswa, inhlabathi inqunywe futhi ihlanganiswe. I-Schnitt-anyanisi ikhula kahle emanzini anomswakama, avulekile, evundile kahle, angenawo amanzi, enomhlabathi ocebile ocebile. Indawo ingcono ukukhetha ilanga, elifudumele.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele utshale ama-chives emhlabathini owomileyo owomhlabathi, njengoba ungagcini umswakama futhi ubhubhise isitshalo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
I-Chives inembewu encane kakhulu, isigamu esikhulu njengaleyo ye-bulb, ngakho-ke Ukutshala izitshalo ezivela kumbewu kuhilela ukulungiswa kokuqala kwenhlabathi nokutshala. Imbewu idinga ukucwilisa usuku ngosuku lokugqugquzela ukukhula noma amanzi, ukushintsha njalo. Khona-ke udinga ukuthola imbewu bese uyomiswa. Izinto zokutshala zihlwanyelwa ngokwalolu hlelo olulandelayo: 45-50 x 25-30 cm, ngokujula kwamaphesenti angu-0.7-1.5. Ngemuva kokuphuma, kufanele zifafazwe umhlaba omanzi, uhlanganiswe kancane futhi uphinde ufafazwe ngenhlabathi evulekile.
Amahlumela avela cishe ngesonto nengxenye ngemva kokuhlwanyela. Uma nje kubonakala, inhlabathi emkhatsini wemigqa kufanele ikhululiwe ukuze igcwalise izimpande nge-oxygen. Esikhathini sesigaba seqabunga lokuqala, izithombo zincipha, zishiya ibanga lika 10-15 cm phakathi kwabo. Ngonyaka wokuqala wenkathi ekhulayo, izitshalo ziphuziswa futhi zikhula ukhula, futhi ekupheleni kwenkathi zihlanganisa umquba we-sawdust, i-peat ne-rice husk.
Ungatshala imbewu ehlobo nasebusika, kodwa kuhle ukukwenza entwasahlobo. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho umhlaba ufudumele ngokwanele, ungahlwanyela anyanisi.
Ukukhiqiza izitshalo ze-chives
Isiko esasakazwa ngentshukela entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izihlahla ezindala zihlukaniswa ngamagatsha okutshala, aqukethe amagatsha angu-4-5 ngamunye. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande namaqabunga zifinyeziwe ukuze ukuphakama kusuka phezulu kuze kube phezulu kungaba ngu-15 cm nobude bezimpande kufika ku-7-8 cm. Izinto zokutshala zitshalwe ngokuhambisana nephethini efanayo nembewu: 45-50 x 25-30 cm, emithonjeni ejulile. Emva kokutshala, inhlabathi ichotshoziwe futhi iphuziswa kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezikhukhula ezikhulayo
I-Agrotechnics ukutshala i-anyanisi chives kuzinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokunakekela izitshalo: ukuchelela, ukusika, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokudla. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu yezinkukhu ngendlela yokulima ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, isivuno asivunwa, futhi uma sitshalwe ngokuhlukanisa, amaqabunga ahlukaniswa ngokunquma ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi-ekuqaleni kukaJune. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ukhulule njalo inhlabathi, ususe ukhula, unqume imicibisholo bese ususa amaqabunga afile ase-chives. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi ezithile: emva kwamaqabunga ahlukene, usebenzisa amanzi amaningi. Yondla ukutshala izimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nezimila eziphilayo, ukushintsha phakathi kwazo.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-anyanisi esheshayo
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezingathinta ama-chives intamo yokubola, ukubola kwebhaktheriya futhi downy isikhutha. Imbobo yokubola ihlakazeka zibe izicubu ngokusebenzisa umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini; Ukubola kwebhaktheriya kubonakala ngokuhlunga kwamahlamvu kanye nokufa kwezicubu. Umkhuhlane we-Downy, obangela i-fungus, iyingozi kakhulu kuma-chive futhi ubonakala phakathi kwehlobo, eduze nesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ukutheleleka kuqhubeka ebhukwini elithintekile, eliphethe isifo. I-bulb ayigodi kuze itshalwe emhlabathini. Ukulwa nalezi zifo, ungasebenzisa ama-fungicides, isibonelo, i- "Benlat" 0.7%. Ama-bulb abekwe ekumiswe imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokuyibeka esitoreji, bese esomisiwe. Futhi i-fungicide esebenza kahle "iTigam", ephathwa ngembewu ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ezinambuzane ezinambuzane ze-u-anyanisi we-chive, i-onion fly iyingozi kakhulu, ehlasela ukufika kwayo entwasahlobo. Le nkathazo isakazeke ikakhulukazi enhlabathini enesihlabathi ne-loamy, engavamile phezu kwenhlabathi ye-peat. Njengesiyingi sokuvimbela izinhlanzi ze-anyanisi, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izitshalo zananisi omusha kusukela ngonyaka odlule, futhi futhi uhlukanise imigqa ye-anyanisi ne-izaqathe. Amaqabunga amaqathe ngesikhathi sonyaka okhulayo enza ama-phytoncides abesabisa ama-parasite. Kuthathwa futhi ukuthi iphumelela ngokushesha ukutshala ama-chives emhlabathini ovulekile. Njengoba i-anyanisi etshalwe ngaphambilini inesikhathi sokuqina futhi lukhuni lapho kuvela indiza, izibungu azikwazi ukungena ezitshalweni.
Kunconywa kumigqa ye-mulch ye-chives ne-peat, eyasiza futhi ekwenzeni izimpukane zama-onion. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo ngephunga elithile eliqinile, njenge-naphthalene (nge-sand 1: 1), uthuli oluhlanzekile olubheke ugwayi noma oluxubene nengxenye yesigamu, umlotha (1.5-2.0 kg nge 10 m²), kusiza. Qinisekisa ukuba ususe njalo uphinde ushise izitshalo ezithintekile.
Ukutshala kungasetshenziselwa ukukhipha ukubhema: U-400 g wegwayi oboshiwe ugxila ema-10 amalitha amanzi amahora angu-24. Bese ushaya, engeza isobho lama-40 agcwele futhi uhlanganise.
Ukuhlanza okuhlaza
Anyanisi shnitt ehlanzekile emifino ngoMeyi. Emapulazini, ngesikhathi sokulima, u-anyanisi uvame ukuvuna kanye nama-bulbs: izitshalo zisuswa emhlabathini, zihlanganiswe futhi zithunyelwe ukudayiswa. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-chives kungafinyelela amathani angu-50 ngehektare.
Emasimini nasezihlotsheni zasehlobo, imifino ivunwa ngaphandle kokumba ama-bulbs, kodwa ngokumisa amaqabunga amasha njengoba ikhula izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesikhathi sokukhula, ngaphambi kokusila. Emva kokusika kuyadingeka ukwengeza ukugqoka nokuphuza umkhuba. Ngonyaka odlule we-anyanisi okhulayo ususwe ekwindla, ngokushesha ususa ama-bulb. Ama-anyanisi asetshenziswa ngemuva kokusika noma agcinwe ku--1 ° C esiqandisini, egcwele amapulasitiki eplastiki. Imifino emisha igcinwa izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-10-12.
Izakhiwo zokusebenza nezizuzisayo ze-chives
Cishe bonke abapheki bayazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkukhu futhi zicebile kangakanani umsoco wayo. Imifino ye-anyanisi isetshenziselwa ukwakha isaladi, isobho, njengendlela yokuhlobisa izinhlanzi, inyama kanye ne-offal, kanye nokuhlobisa izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Izithako, ukudla okunempilo nezondlo zalolu hlobo lwe-anyanisi ziphakeme kunamanye amalungu alo mndeni. Ukunambitheka kwe-chives kunomsoco kakhulu, akunambitheki okubabayo, kunomusa omuhle kakhulu othakazelisayo. Abapheki abaningi benza imifino: it salted, omisiwe ngisho kvasyat.
Okungenakulinganiswa nanoma yiziphi izinzuzo u-anyanisi eziletha emzimbeni womuntu. Isibonelo, nini ukuphefumula kwamathambo, izifo zesimiso senhliziyo, isibindi nezinso, futhi futhi izinkinga nge-gallbladder.
I-Chives ibhekwa njenge-aphrodisiac elula, okusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngokubambisana nezidakamizwa ezinamandla zokuqeda amandla okulala ngokocansi. I-Chive iyasiza ngokuphazanyiswa kwepheshana lomathumbu, ivuselela ukudla. I-calorie ephansi, evumela ukuthi uhlanganise isiko ekudleni kwalabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba.
Siyabonga ukuba khona kwevithamini C enkulu ekubunjweni, i-chives ingabuyisela umzimba emva kwemikhuhlane yonyaka kanye nezifo zokuphefumula, kanye nokuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
