Amakhiwane anempilo futhi amnandi emvelweni akhula esimweni sezulu esingaphansi koLwandle iMedithera. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, kuyathandwa futhi kukhule ngempumelelo ekhaya. Umuthi uthela izithelo kabili ngonyaka.
Izinhlobo zasendlini
Amakhiwane avela emndenini wakwaFicus. Amakhaya atshaliwe kusukela ngekhulu le-18. Ososayensi bahlakulele izinhlobo zasendlini ezincanyana, ezizitholelayo impova.
Ithebula libonisa izinhlobo eziphambili.
| Ibanga | Izithelo Incazelo |
| ISochi 7, iSochi 8 | Izinhlobo zohlobo lokuzala, olususelwa kwisisekelo sikasosayensi omhlophe we-Adriatic uYu.S. Chernenko. Usayizi oPhakathi, 65-70 g, umbala wesikhumba ophuzi-luhlaza, inyama ebomvu, ijusi. Qoqa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. |
| ISochi 15 | Umbala kalamula, ngaphakathi kwepinki, 75 gr. Izithelo ekwindla, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba. |
| Dalmatia | Okukhulu, yi-130 gr. Ngaphandle kuluhlaza, ngaphakathi kubomvu. Ukuvuna ngoJulayi, Okthoba. |
| I-adriatic emhlophe | I-green-green hue, i-60 g, imnandi. NgoJuni, Agasti. |
| Isithombo se-Ogloblin | Izinhlobo zohlobo lokuzala, ezifuywa nguN. A. Ogloblin. Iboshwe ekwindla ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuphumula. Iya ubusika ngendlela yamajikijolo amancane aluhlaza. Lapho kufika ihlobo, ziyakhula, ngesikhathi sokukhula ziyavuthwa. |
| USara Absheron | Encane, 40 gr. Umbala wekhilimu, inyama yesalimoni, ushukela. Isivuno esiningi esiphindwe kabili ngasehlobo nasekupheleni kokuqala. |
Ungakhula kanjani amakhiwane
Amakhiwane atshalwe ngezindlela ezintathu: ukutshala imbewu, ukusika, ukusakazwa kwezimpande. Ukutshala, kusetshenziswa inhlabathi yomhlaba wonke ngokuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi, i-peat, nenhlabathi eshidi. Njengomanyolo, i-ash, i-lime, ne-egghell kuxutshwa.
Imbewu
Imbewu yokutshala itholakala esithelweni esivuthiwe.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, asuswa engxenyeni, ahlanzwa ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo futhi avunyelwe ukuba ome. Ngalesi sikhathi, lungiselela isitsha sokufika. Phansi embozwe amanzi. Ingxube yenhlabathi igcwaliswa (umquba, i-turf, isihlabathi (i-peat) ngesilinganiso 2: 2: 1).
Njengomanyolo, kusetshenziswa umlotha (1 isipuni nge-1 litre ye-substrate). Ukunisela kakhulu bese ubeka imbewu ephepheni noma ngethanga. Ikhava ephezulu ngomhlabathi. Dala indawo ebamba ukushisa enomoya of + 23 ... +25 ºC. Hlela nsuku zonke umoya omncane, ukuqapha umswakama. Inhlabathi iyanyiswa ngokufafaza. Izinga lomswakama le-2 mm ligcinwa ephaketheni.
Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3, kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Izithombo ziyakhishwa. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga okuqala, shona ungene emabhodweni ngamanye.
Umuthi uqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-5 ngemuva kokutshala.
Izimbumbulu
Inqubo inconywa ngo-Ephreli. Ukuthola ukusikeka, kukhethwa ihlumela eline-lignified. Izingcezu zenziwa kusuka ngaphansi kwezinso ngaphansi kwe-oblique, kusuka phezulu ngentambo eqondile. Shiya ama-buds ama-3 kwisithombo. Amaqabunga asikwa ku-1/3 ukuze kukhule izimpande ngokushesha. Isiqu esidlulayo sibekwa enhlabathini elungiselelwe ngaphambilini (isihlabathi esigcotshisiwe), sakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, izimpande ziyavela. Umuthi ulungele ukutshala esitsheni esihlukile.
Impande ihlumela
Ihlumela licindezelwa enhlabathini, lifafazwe ngenhlabathi. Izimpande ziyaqhuma kungakapheli amasonto amathathu. Isitshalo sihlukanisiwe futhi sitshaliwe. Lapho kusakazwa ukusikwa nezinqubo, izithelo zokuqala ziyavela ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala.
Ukunakekelwa kwezithelo ekhaya
Ukwakha izimo ezifanele, kuthathwa izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile: umswakama nokuvezwa ukukhanya. Amakhiwane anezigaba ezimbili zokukhula: ebusika, imbali iphumule, ehlobo iqala ukuqhakaza futhi ithele izithelo.
Indawo nokunisela ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphumula siqala ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okungavamile, kanye emva kwamasonto amabili ukufudumisa inhlabathi. Izinga lokushisa lomoya alikhuphuki ngaphezu kwe- + 10 ... +12 ºC.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, amakhiwane aqala ukukhula ngentshiseko, isikhathi sokuphumula sishintshwa ngokuqhakaza. Imvamisa yokunisela iyanda. Kwesinye isikhathi babamba ishawa elifudumele, uma ubukhulu besihlahla buvumela. Uma kungenjalo, fafaza. Esikhathini esifudumele, zibekele umoya omusha.
Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungo +22 ... +25 ºC.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Izicubu zikhethwa zigcwele ngezinto eziphilayo, amaminerali. Faka isicelo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kabili ngenyanga. Enye into umquba wenkomo ngokufakwa kwamakhambi (izinhlanga, izinkuni dandelion, uthango). Kanye ngesizini, anikezwa nge-ferrous sulfate (vitriol) ukuvikela izinambuzane nezifo.
Futhi, umkhi udinga i-potassium, phosphorus. Umanyolo oqukethe izinto zokulandela umkhondo othengisiwe esitolo. Ukondla kwenziwa kanye ngenkathi yokukhula.
Izihlahla
Amakhiwane ayisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha futhi adinga ukugcinwa ukuze alondoloze ukubukeka kwawo. Ukulungisa ubukhulu, ukwakheka kwesihlahla esiluhlaza okotshani, amagatsha asikiwe. Okudala, kunqunu kususwa ngokuphelele ukuthola amahlumela amasha.
Ukuhluma okusha okusha emthini, izithelo eziningi umkhiwane uzokhiqiza.
Inqubo yenziwa ngasekupheleni kobusika ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi esisebenzayo.
Izifo, izilokazane
Amakhiwane awanqunyelwe ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, uma kulandelwa imithetho elula yokunakekela, umlimi ngeke adale inkinga enkulu.
Ukuze ulondoloze uhlelo olunempilo lwezimpande, khaxa inhlabathi njalo. Ukwakheka komqhele kufaka isandla ekuqiniseni ingxenye engezansi, ukungabikhona kwezinambuzane, nokuluhlaza kwesihlahla: amagatsha anqunywa ngesikhathi, amaqabunga ayabekwa, namaqabunga aniselwa kakhulu.
UMnu Dachnik uyancomela: izakhiwo ezizuzayo zamakhiwane
Umuthi womkhiwane uyisitolo sezinto, amavithamini, amaminerali awusizo emzimbeni. Kunconyelwe ikakhulukazi abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo nezemithambo.
Amakhiwane aqukethe:
- amavithamini (A, B, C, PP);
- i-fiber;
- i-pectin;
- ama-macro-, ama-microelements (i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-phosphorus);
- i-mono-, ama-disaccharides (ushukela, i-fructose).
I-potassium ne-magnesium kuqinisa inhliziyo futhi kunciphise amathuba wezifo zesistimu yehliziyo nenhliziyo.
Ngenxa ye-ficin, i-berry berry isiza ekunciphiseni igazi, okunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi futhi isebenze njenge-prophylaxis yokulwa nezifo: i-thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis, veins ye-varicose.
Izithelo zemithi yomdwebo ziyi-diuretic enhle. Ukuvimbela izifo zezinso (pyelonephritis, amatshe), kunconywa ukuba zidliwe.
I-iron ephezulu isiza ukulwa ne-anemia kanye nokuphelelwa amandla. Ikhuthaza ukwelulama ngokushesha kwesiguli ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, izifo ezingathi sína.
Abantu abadala bayayalwa ukuba basebenzise amakhiwane ukuqinisa uhlelo lwabo lwamathambo. Futhi ama-infusions e-berry asetshenziselwa ukubanda, izifo zesisu.
Ngaphandle kweseluleko sochwepheshe, izithelo zomkhiwane azinconywa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, omama abakhulelwe nababambayo. I-glucose ingadala ukwanda koshukela wegazi, isisindo somzimba, i-colic ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa.
