Phakathi kwama-primroses, iqhwa leqhwa le-amaryllis lithathwa njengelihle kakhulu. Amahlamvu amhlophe avela emilenzeni ende ngoMashi. Abesabi isithwathwa, bame kahle ezindlini zokuphumula. Ngenxa yokuqoqwa ngobuningi, asondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni endle.
Izinhlobo eziningi zifuyelwa ukuhlobisa izingadi, izindawo zasepaki. EHolland, ama amaqhwa eqhwa ayabizwa njenge-tulip bulbs. ENgilandi, kwasungulwa umkhosi wama-primroses, ugujwa ngo-Ephreli 19.
Incazelo ejwayelekile yeqhwa
IGalanthus (iqhwa) noma imbali yobisi isitshalo esinamandla kakhulu esivela emndenini wama-amaryllis. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-20, eziningi zazo ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Zikhula ngamaqembu, zivumelane kahle nezakhiwo zasengadini ezindaweni eziningi zezulu zaseRussia. Izidunjana zigqinsiwe, ama-buds makhulu, anezinto ezintathu zangaphandle ezide neziningi ezimfishane zangaphakathi, zikhipha iphunga elibuthakathaka. Isikhathi sezimbali - ukuqala kobusika noma ukuqala kwentwasahlobo. Maphakathi nehlobo, kwakheka imvuthuluka yezithelo enezingxenye ezintathu, igcwele imbewu eyi-oval yombala omnyama noma omnyama. Amaqabunga esiqhwa seqhwa aqondile, akhombe, akhule kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo bese abuna. I-bulb imise okwenziwe nge-conical noma okweqanda, yakhiwa kusuka esikalini, ikhula ibe ngu-3 cm ububanzi. E-sinuses yesendlalelo sangaphandle, izingane zenziwa minyaka yonke - izinqubo ezinamandla kakhulu.
Imbali isakaza ngembewu, ukwahlukana. Akesabi isithwathwa. Kukhethwe kahle, kuvumelana nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Izinganekwane zeqhwa nezinganekwane
Ngokwesiko lebhayibheli, u-Eva wabandakanyeka ekubonakaleni kwamaqhwa eqhwa. Baxoshwa epharadesi no-Adamu ebusika. U-Eva wazisola ngalokhu, ebuka ezungeza iqhwa. Iziqhwa eziningana zeqhwa, ukuze kugqugquzelwe abahambi, ukumemezela intwasahlobo esondele, kwaguquka kwaba izimbali ezimhlophe. Ama-snowdrop esiko laseYurophu abhekwa njengophawu lokuzalwa kabusha. AmaFulentshi, amaJalimane abiza i-galanthus "insimbi yeqhwa". Igama alizenzanga ngengozi, ihlumela elibuthakathaka lifana nalo ngesimo. AbaseBrithani babiza i-snowdrop "iqhwa". Izimbali zigqugquzela ababhali, izimbongi, abaculi.
Emasikweni abantu abaningi bomhlaba kunezinganekwane, amasiko ahlotshaniswa namaqhwa eqhwa. Izinganekwane zaseYurophu zivame ukukhuluma ngokwenzeka kwazo: kusuka kubuhlalu beparele noma amazinyo kadrako. E-Russia, wonke umuntu uyazi i-tale kaSamuel Marshak "izinyanga eziyi-12."
Umama wokutholwa wathumela indodana yakhe yokutholwa ehlathini ukuze imise iqhwa. Abafowethu bamhawukela izinyanga ezithile bavumela izimbali ukuba ziqhakaze.
I-snowdrop encwadini ebomvu
Indawo yemvelo ye-galanthus ihlala incipha ngenxa yeqoqo elikhulu lezimbali. Bavele ngolwembili lwangoMashi 8, bangahlali isikhathi eside, bahanjiswa kahle. Manje ukuthengiswa kwamaqhwa eqhwa kuvinjelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ukuqoqwa kwamaqhwa eqhwa kungajeziswa ngumthetho. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-primroses zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu, kufaka phakathi ne-galanthus. Izindawo lapho izimbali zikhula khona ezweni laseRussia ekhulwini leminyaka lokugcina zithole isimo sezindawo zokugcina noma zokugcina ukuze izimbali zikhiqize ngokwemvelo.
Izinhlobo zeGalanthus
Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zamaqhwa eqhwa ayaziwa. Ngomklamo wokuhlobisa weziza sebenzisa uhhafu.
I-Alpine
Kungumugqa we-Western Transcaucasia. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo, kuqhakaza ngezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa, kungamasentimitha angama-6-9. Amacembe abanzi ahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwe-plaque enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Itshalwa kakhulu kumakamelo ehlobo.
Imhlophe qhwa
Kusatshalaliswa endle, kuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ekuqaleni kukaMashi, kumelana neqhwa lasebusika. I-bulb ikhula ifike ku-2 cm ubukhulu, ubude bomcibisholo wezimbali buyi-12 cm, amaqabunga amafushane. I-bud likhulu, li-conical ngesimo, lifinyelela ku-3 cm ubude, lihlala inyanga. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zezifunda ezahlukene zenziwe ngesisekelo seqhwa lasendle elimhlophe qhwa. Okudumile eRussia: ILady Elphinstone, Arnott.
I-Bortkevich
Ikhula eCaucasus eduzane nezikhonkwane ze-beech. Ibizwa ngegama lesazi se-botanist esachaza kabanzi ngesitshalo. Amaqabunga mancane, aminyene, aluhlaza obukhulu ngotshani obuluhlaza, akhula abe ngu-6 cm ukuqhuma, bese efinyelela ubude obuyi-30 cm.
Ama-buds ajwayelekile, acwebile, amaphakathi nendawo anotshani obuluhlaza. Ubude bamacembe bufika ku-4 cm.
I-Byzantine
Ungowomndeni wamaqhwa eqhwa, yize izimbali zivela ekwindla, hhayi entwasahlobo. Ibukeka igoqwe: inezinhlamvu ezintathu ezinde ezimhlophe neziningi ezibunjiwe eziluhlaza ezinesifo esimhlophe. Itholakala endle ogwini lweBosphorus, etshalwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ayisetshenziswa kakhulu eRussia.
I-Voronova
Ngokwemvelo, esatshalaliswa ngaphansi kweCaucasus ogwini Olwandle Olumnyama, etshalwe emazweni aseYurophu, ikhula kahle enkabeni yeRussia. Isithwathwa siqanjwe ngusolwazi odumile ogcina izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile. Isiqu sezimbali sikhula size sibe yi-15 cm ubude, ubude bezinsimbi buqala kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 cm. I-bud isesimweni esijwayelekile sokwakheka, ihlala kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Amaqabunga mancane, afinyelela ku-2,5 cm ububanzi, asongwe, agobile kancane.
Ikari
Endle, itholakala eGreek kuphela, itshalwe ngempumelelo kwezinye izindawo, ingathobeki emhlabathini. Ihlukaniswa ngombala obuthuntu wamaqabunga, ucezwana oluhlaza okotshani olungaphakathi. Ubude bomcibisholo bufika ku-20 cm, isibani sincane, sifinyelela ku-2 cm ubukhulu. I-bud isafika ku-4 cm ubude, i-conical, amacembe aphezulu angenhla. Iqhakaza ngo-Ephreli, ihlumela lihlala izinsuku ezingama-25.
Caucasian
Uhlobo oluhlasimulisayo olutholakala emahlathini aseCentral Transcaucasia, e-Iran. Amaqabunga aqondile, acishe, acwebezelayo. Zikhula zize zibe ngu-25 cm ngesikhathi sokukhula, zifinyelele ku-15 cm ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali.Isiqu sezimbali siphansi, sifinyelela ku-20 cm. Isihlahla esenziwe bell sisebangeni elingama-1.5 cm. Ama-petals amhlophe, acishe afike ku-2,5 cm ubude. Amacembe angaphakathi anendawo eluhlaza. Iqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ukuqhakaza kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-15, kugcina kahle isixha. Kugobhoza kakhulu ebusika. Ezindaweni ezingadini zidinga indawo yokukhosela.
Isilaphi
Ikhula emazweni ase-Asia ezansi kwezintaba, etholakala eduze kwaseBatumi. Ihluka ngesibalo esime ngendlela yomugqa, sifinyelela ku-2 cm ubukhulu. Amaqabunga angama-opaque, aqondile, aminyene, aze afike ku-1.5 cm ububanzi.
I-Peduncle ikhula ibe ngu-20 cm ubude. Ama-petals angaphandle anendawo ephakeme enephunga lokusaqanda afinyelela ku-3 cm, angaphakathi afike ku-1 cm, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phansi. Iqhakaza maphakathi no-Mashi, ukuqhakaza kuhlala isonto.
Kugoqiwe
Kwenzeka endaweni yaseCrimea, Moldova, e-Ukraine. Isibazi simise okweqanda, sinezikali ezi-pinkish, kufinyelela ku-3 cm ubukhulu.
Ishiya umbala onombala ogqamile ngesikhathi sokukhula kusuka kokukhanya kuya kokuluhlaza obumnyama, abe isicwebezelayo, ugobe phansi. IPeduncle ikhula ibe ngama-25 cm amade. Isihlahla sikhulu, sihlanganile, sinobubanzi obungafika ku-4 cm. Sivela ngoMashi, siqhakaza kuze kufike kumaviki amathathu.
I-Broadleaf
Kwenzeka eCaucasus, kutholakala kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele. I-bulb ikhula ibe nkulu, ifike kububanzi obuyi-5 cm.
Amaqabunga aqondile, awugqinsi, aluhlaza okotshani. Umcibisholo ukhula ube ngu-20 cm, ihlumela elibunjiwe njengensimbi livela ngo-Ephreli futhi lihlala amasonto amathathu. Ubude bezithambo ze-ellipsoidal bufika ku-4,5 cm, amacembe angaphakathi angenalo uhlaza oluluhlaza.
Elveza
Sisatshalaliswa eMpumalanga Yurophu, eqanjwe ngegama lochwepheshe wezitshalo owachaza. Ihlukile ngombala wamagqabha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-plaque ivela kubo), isimo esiyindilinga se-bud. Ubude bezinsimbi zingamasentimitha ayi-5. Ukuphakama komcibisholo wezimbali kungamasentimitha angama-25, ububanzi bamaqabunga ngamasentimitha ama-3. Kuqhakaza kusuka maphakathi noFebhuwari kuya maphakathi no-Mashi, kugcinwe kahle esixekweni.
Izici zokukhula kweqhwa ezikhulayo nokwanda
Ama-primroses awavamisile ukutshalwa emibhedeni ngayinye. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufeza imibala yezingoma zezimo zomhlaba emagqumeni ase-alpine, ezindaweni zezimbali, ezingadini zamadwala, ezindaweni zokulwa. Isithwathwa siyabekezelela indawo yangakini kahle:
- nezinye izitshalo ezinezimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu: ama-tulips, ama-daffodils;
- izitshalo zisetshenziswa eziqhakaza ekwindla, zikhula esigabeni sokuphumula, lapho amahlamvu efa.
Ama-snowdrops awesabi ukubuya kwamaqhwa, umehluko wokushisa, gcina ukuhlobisa eqhweni. Amaqabunga, imicibisholo yezimbali ivele iguqe bese iqonde, qhubeka nokuqhakaza.
Amalambu weGalanthus anobuthi, ukusebenza nawo kudinga ukunemba. Isikhumba sesandla sivikelwe amagilavu. Ngokutshala esizeni khetha indawo enokhanyo kahle, okuyothi ngenkathi eshisayo izithunzi. Ama-primroses athambile awathandi imisebe yelanga eqondile. Umhlabathi ungcono ukukhanya, okunempilo. Emhlabathini onobumba omncane, ama-bulbs awakhuli kahle. Izindawo ezinendawo enamanzi amaningi aphansi komhlaba zidonswa amanzi ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angenzeki.
Lapho utshala, ama angcwatshwa ngokujula kwamamitha amathathu. Izinqubo zendodakazi zikhule zodwa, ekujuleni okujulile. Ngenqubo yokukhula, abazigxilanga ngokwazo, badinga ukufakelwa kwenye into. Isibani minyaka yonke sinikela ezinganeni ezi-3, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amafomu ezikhala emahlathini atshaliwe. Kunconywa ukuthi zihlukaniswe njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha. Iziza ze-Scrap ziphathwa ngamalahle aqoshiwe we-disinfection. Izinqubo ezihambisanayo zitshalwa ngokushesha, zingavumeli ukoma ukuphuma.
Okusakazwa imbewu: Kuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, kungcwatshwa 2 amasentimitha, kuniselwa kakhulu. Ukudubula kuzodonsa ngezinsuku ezingama-20-25, ama-buds azobe elinde iminyaka engu-3-4.
Umhlabathi wokulala ngesikhathi sokutshala ukhiqizwa yi-ziphuzo zazihluzwa (kungabi ngaphezu kwe-¼ yevolumu yomhlaba), kufakwa umanyolo ovundile wezitshalo ze-bulb. Bheka umthamo okhonjiswe kwimiyalo. Umquba omusha awusetshenziselwa ukondla, i-nitrogen eseqile ivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ama-snowdrop abonakala ngezilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane. Uma amaqabunga embozwe amabala ansundu, aphenduka aphuzi, ama ayambiwa futhi alahlwe ukuze izitshalo ezingomakhelwane zingathinteki. Izilonda fungal zenzeka ngemuva kobusika obufudumele noma ngokudla ngokweqile. Ukucubungula kusetshenziswa ama-fungicides wemvelo. I-Chlorosis - blanching ofhlamvu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo, kulokhu, ukugqokwa okuphezulu okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-superphosphate kuyangezwa.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi yilezi:
- ama-daffodil endiza izibungu zawo zidla ama-bulbs;
- anyanisi nematode, isitshalo siqala ukufiphala;
- uveze uvemvane, ubekela amaqanda emaqabungeni.
Izinambuzane zesaba ukucutshungulwa kokuhlolwa. Isifutho sokuzivikela senziwa lapho kuvela izinambuzane zokuqala ezinamaphiko. Amabhuleki adliwa ngamagundane, amahlumela angamaqabunga. I-Wood ash iyisivimbeli esisebenzayo.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: imithetho embalwa yokukhula kwamaqhwa eqhwa
Abathandi be-Primrose abane-galanthus emigodini basekela isitshalo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwabo. Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule ukuze uzuze izimbali ezinhle:
- Akufanele ukutshala lesi sitshalo ezindaweni ezomile ngokushesha, kuzoba nezimbali ezimbalwa. Ezindaweni eziphansi lapho kuhlangana khona amanzi ancibilikile, ama-bulbs azobola.
- Ngemuva kokuhluma, isitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa, uma kunamanzi amancane ancibilikile, isikhathi eside akukho mvula.
- Kungcono ukwahlukanisa izigaxa noma ukuhlukanisa izingane ehlobo lapho iqhwa likhephu liphumula. Ngemuva kokufakelwa ekwindla, ama angazitholi amandla aphelele, angatshali ama-buds. Entwasahlobo, izitshalo aziphazamiseki.
- Kusikwa amaqabunga aphuzi kuphela lapho izimila ziphela. Imifino yondla ama-bulbs amasha.
- Ngesikhathi sasebusika ngeqhwa elincane, ama-snowdrops ambozwe nge-peat noma ngomquba olula ukuze inhlabathi ingabandi. Izindawo zokukhosela ezisindayo ngaphezu kwe-galanthus azenzi.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, umanyolo kufanele ube yi-phosphate. Ukusetshenziswa kwabanye akulungile. Ukusuka ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen, amaqabunga akhiwa kakhulu, isitshalo siqala ukubola.
Lapho wenza izimo ezinhle, imbali izokhula ngendlela ejwayelekile, njalo ngonyaka ikhulula imicibisholo yemibala kakhulu.
Ama-snowdrops awadingi ukulungiswa njalo. Lapho indawo yokutshala ikhethwe ngempumelelo, isitshalo siba nezimpande kahle, siyozala ngokuzimela. Njalo entwasahlobo kuzoba namahlamvu amaningi.
Ungafinyelela ukuqhakaza kancane kancane uma utshala izinhlobo eziningana ze-galanthus, ngokwesibonelo, i-Elvezu, emhlophe qhwa, yi-Folded. Bazothokozela isikhathi eside ngama-buds obucayi kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kufike iqhwa.
