Amathanga angumvini wotshani. Akagcini nje ngokufaka itimu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, kepha futhi unikeza umkhiqizo omnandi futhi onempilo. Kunconywa ukuba ukhule uphizi nje omnandi, othandwa yizingane futhi ofanele ukupheka ubuciko obahlukahlukene bobuciko.
Isikhathi sokutshala uphizi, kuya ngesifunda ngokuya ngekhalenda lenyanga ngo-2019
Izinsuku ezithandekayo nezingathandeki zokutshala peas zingabalwa ngokuya ngekhalenda lenyanga.
| Isifunda | Izinsuku ezithandekayo | Izinsuku ezimbi |
| Isifunda saseNingizimu | NgoMashi: 27, 29, 31. Ephreli: 6-13, 15-17. | Mashi: 6, 7, 21. Ephreli: 5, 19. |
| Midland, Isifunda saseMoscow | Ephreli: 29, 30. Meyi: 6-10, 12-17. | Ephreli: 15, 19. Meyi: 5, 19. |
| ESiberia, e-Ural | Meyi: 12-17. NgoJuni: 1, 2, 5, 6, 11-13. | Meyi: 5, 19. NgoJuni: 3, 4.17. |
Ilungiselela izinto zokutshala
Ngaphambi kokutshala uphizi, kunconyelwa ukuwuthambisa emanzini okungenani usuku, aze aqale ukuhluma.
Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa izinto zokutshala kusuka kokuhlwanyelwa kokugcina, okungukuthi, okwakho, lapho-ke kufanele uqale uthole ukuthi iyiphi ethintwa yilesi sifo. Lokhu kungaqondwa ngokuntywiliselwa kubo kwisisombululo sikasawoti (30 g nge-1 litre yamanzi). Gcina imbewu lapho isikhathi esingekho imizuzu eyi-10. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, ezinye peas zizocwila, futhi bambalwa abasasele ebusweni. Labo abangazange bawa, kungenzeka ukuthi bagula, kumele bakhethwe futhi balahlwe. Hlambulula okusele kahle, bese ubeka emanzini aze aqhume.
Inqubo imi kanjena. Amanzi kufanele abe ngaphezulu kuka-1 cm ngaphezu kwamathanga .. Kulesi simo, kufanele ashiywe okungenani amahora ayi-12, emva kwalokho kufanele adumbe. Ngemuva kwesikhathi, kudingeka zisuswe, zigezwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemuva kwalokho bopha i-gauze nendawo endaweni yezikhwama zepulasitiki, lokhu kuzodala izimo zokugcina ukushisa kubo futhi kuzivumele zikhule. Kuleli fomu, kufanele balale emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwegumbi lokushisa cishe izinsuku ezimbili. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, udinga ukuyikhipha ku-gauze izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngosuku, hlambulula ngaphansi kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kugwenywe ukwakheka kwe-mucus nokubola kupelepele.
Uma udinga ukuhlehlisa isikhathi sokutshala, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi noma ezinye izinto, imbewu ingagcinwa. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu esiqandisini, kepha hhayi ngaphezu kwamaviki ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngeke bayeke inqubo yokuhluma.
Ukubulala amagciwane izinto zokutshala ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kunconywa ukuthi uzibeke kusisombululo se-pink manganese isikhathi esingadlulanga kwengxenye yehora.
Indawo engcono kakhulu yophizi engadini
Lapho ukhetha indawo yombhede wethanga, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngama-nuances anjengokukhanya kwendawo, izitshalo ezingomakhelwane, imifino, uhlobo lomhlabathi lubamba iqhaza elibalulekile, kunconyelwe ukukhanya.
Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke yizimo zezulu esifundeni lapho kuzohlakulelwa khona uphizi. Ithanda isimo sezulu esinomswakama nemvula ephezulu.
Omakhelwane bethanga abahle kakhulu
Izitshalo ezingomakhelwane zidlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwamakhizi. Izaqathi, amathanga, ukhukhamba notamatisi zilungele kakhulu iqhaza labomakhelwane.
Akunqatshelwe futhi ukutshala amazambane kanye nama-beet eduze.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala uphizi
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi kuwumsebenzi obalulekile. Udinga ukuqala ngokuqeqeshwa ekwindla. Kuyadingeka ukumba indawo okuhlosiwe cishe kwi-bayonet yefosholo, ukuxuba inhlabathi nomanyolo, ngesimo se-humus (6 kg), superphosphate (40 g) nosawoti we-potassium (20 g) nge-1 m². Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa le ndawo ngomlotha wezinkuni. Ngeke kulunge ukuthi kuvundise inhlabathi njalo, okuzophazamisa ukutshala kwazo zonke izitshalo nemifino esizeni.
Nisela umbhede kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala peas.
Imithetho yokutshala uphizi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ekukhuleni kukapheya okuntofontofo esizeni, udinga ukubheka ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla, ngoba lokhu udinga ukutshala imbewu kude ne-30-60 cm. Ukujula kokutshala imbewu kuncike ohlotsheni lomhlabathi. Ngomhlabathi okhanyayo, akufanele udlule cm 3. Uma, kunalokho, kungumhlabathi wobumba osindayo, ukujula kufanele kube ngu-4-5 cm.
Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokutshala ngokwayo, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela imbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cwilisa kubo, ihlumela. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukutshala imbewu eyomile.
Embhedeni olungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla, udinga ukwenza imifino. Thela i-humus encane kubo, umquba nawo kufanelekile. Kunconywa ukutshala uphizi ngephethini yokuhlola ebangeni elibekiwe phakathi kwephizi. Noma kungenzeka ukufika emgqeni, kepha futhi nokubuka ibanga. Bese ufafaza ngenhlabathi, uyishaye kancane.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa imibhede, ngoba lokhu kudinga ukumbozwa ngokuthile, isibonelo, i-agril.
Ukunakekelwa kwethanga kwangaphandle
Njengazo zonke izitshalo nemifino, kudinga ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokukhula. Noma kunjalo, uhlu lwezinqubo ezidingekayo alilikhulu kangako, futhi nesiqalo endabeni yokulinyelwa sizosebenza kahle nabo.
I-Pea iyamelana namakhaza, akuyona inkinga kuye. Okungeke kushiwo ngokushisa, kuthinta amahlumela kubi, kubabulale.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi njalo kanye nokukhulula umhlabathi, ukhula lwendawo leyo. Ukufakwa kwamanzi asemuva kuyadingeka. Bheka inqubo ngayinye ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukunisela nokhula
I-Peas ithanda umswakama kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukuthambisa okuningana futhi okuningi ukuze ugweme izinkinga.
Uma kungekho inani elifanele lamanzi enhlabathini, uphizi awukhuli kahle.
Ukuchelela kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva.
- Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa akwenziwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesingu-1 ngeviki, esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kukhushulwa kuye izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimbali, ukunisela kabili. Ie okungenani kabili ngesonto, futhi esimweni sezulu esomile izikhathi ezine ngesonto. Inani lomswakama odingekayo linqunywa ngebhakede lamanzi nge-1 m / sq.
Inqubo yokunisela nayo inobuhlakani bayo. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungatholi amanzi emaqabungeni, udinga ukuthulula ngqo phakathi kombhede.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokunisela, imibhede iyadedelwa, ukhula, ukuze umswakama ungene ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuthi iqale ukuvela, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, inhlabathi eyithukulula iyenziwa, igcwalisa umoya-mpilo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuze peas ikhule ngobuningi bamakhono ayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa izimo ezihle kakhulu zokukhula kwayo, noma iguqukele ekusebenziseni kwembatho ephezulu. Uma kunikezwe isimo sezulu esikhona eRussia, inketho yesibili yokuxazulula inkinga ilungele kakhulu abalimi.
- Ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokuqala kokulungiswa kwenhlabathi yokutshala, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza umanyolo wokuqala. Kwenziwa ngesilinganiso samabhakede angama-0,5 wezinto ezibohliwe ze-1 m².
- Isikhathi esilandelayo sizoba ngqo ngesikhathi sokufika. Lezi yi-superphosphate, usawoti we-potassium ne-nitrate. Isilinganiso esidingekayo somhlabathi sichazwe ngenhla.
- Iseshini esilandelayo sokufaka umanyolo enhlabathini senzeka ngesikhathi sokuvela. Ikhiqizwa ukumnika kwe-nettle (eluhlaza) kanye ne-dandelions.
- Isikhathi sokugcina sokuthi umanyolo usetshenziswe enhlabathini yisikhathi sezimbali. Ikhiqizwa njalo ngokunisela. Kulokhu, isipuni se-nitrophoska sengezwe kubhakede lamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, isilinganiso samanzi nge-1 m² ngalesi sikhathi ngamalitha ama-5.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen kunconywa kuphela uma
inhlabathi lapho kutshalwe khona peas ayivundile, noma intwasahlobo ibanda ngokwanele.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezinambuzane
Ama-peas atholakala ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, ukubukeka kwezinambuzane. Isitha esikhulu kunazo zonke yithanga lepea. Ibhabhathane, isikhathi esisebenzayo siphakathi kwezimbali. Ukulimala kulele ekubekeni amaqanda kulesi simila, kuzovela khona amacimbi lapho kuvela khona. Yizikelemu ezidala umonakalo omkhulu, zingena shí emidweni, zidle imbewu.
Uvemvane olulodwa olunjalo lungazalela amaqanda angama-250, okuyisibalo esingajabulisi esihlahleni esisodwa. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi kunconywa. Kuvela ukuthi izimbali zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba izinambuzane zisebenze, ngaleyo ndlela zisindisa lesi sitshalo ekufeni. Kunconywa futhi ukuba uvule kakhulu inhlabathi ezungeze, lokhu kungabulala izinambuzane ezingena ngesinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impova ngomlotha wezinkuni nogwayi kungenzeka.
Inkinga enkulu elandelayo ibhungane laseBruhus. Njengoba nje uvemvane udla uphaya, luququda inyama. Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imbewu elinyazwe izinambuzane ayingeni ukudla komuntu. Njengoba ukuthululwa kwendlala kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziyingozi ezizokuba nomthelela omubi kakhulu kumzimba womuntu noma wesilwane.
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi izibungu zingalinda ubusika okusanhlamvu. Ukuze uzivikele kulokhu, kufanele ugcine uphizi emazingeni okushisa aphansi we-zero, bese uwudlulisa kusixazululo sikasawoti esingu-3%. Imbewu elimele izobonakala ngokushesha, izothantazela ebusweni.
Enye inkathazo i-nodule weevil. Kubanga ukulimala okukhulu esikweni, ngobukhulu bayo obungama-cm cm kuphela. Idla kakhulu eziqongweni zesitshalo, ibeka izibungu. Yikuphi okuphakelayo ohlelweni lwezitshalo, ingxenye yalo yomhlaba.
Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, ukulima okujulile ekwindla kuyanconywa, ngosizo lwayo izibungu zezinambuzane ziyachithwa. Futhi, ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi, ngesikhathi ibhungane livela, kuzokwanela ukuqinisa iziqu zesitshalo, okuzobenza bangakulungeli ukuhlasela inkathazo. Ukungcoliswa ngogwayi kanye nomlotha wezinkuni nakho kuyikhambi elisebenzayo kule nkinga.
Ukuvunwa kanye nokugcinwa kwe-pea
Ukuvunwa kwenziwa njengoba kuvuthwa, hhayi ngasikhathi sinye. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi peas azinazindawo zokugcina zesikhathi eside. Kunconywa ukuthi ukulethele ngokushesha kungenye yezinhlobo: ezomile, ezihlanganisiwe noma ezicutshunguliwe.
