Njengoba ufike ama cherry kusayithi lakho, akufanele uphumule. Isihlahla, nakuba kulula ukugxila emaceleni ethu, sithinteka kakhulu ezifweni ezihlukahlukene nasezinambuzane. Njalo umlimi uyabhekana nazo ngokushesha noma kamuva, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukumsindisa kulezi zinkinga. Isimo sabo sithonywa yizici zombili ezibikezelayo (isimo sezulu, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo) nokungazibikezeli (umonakalo okwenzeka ngengozi emagatsheni, njll). Ngakho-ke, izihlahla kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngezifo, kanye nezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvimbela. Lesi sihloko sibheka izifo ezijwayelekile ze-cherry nokulwa nazo.
Uyazi? I-Cherry (i-Prunus subg. Cerasus) ingomndeni wakwaPlum we-Pink. Igama lomuthi lihlotshaniswa negama lesiLatini elithi viscum, elisho inyoni ye-bird, ne-German Weichsel, okuthiwa i-cherry. Ngakho-ke, i-cherry ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cherry bird ngejusi elinamathe.
Izifo Eziyinhloko Lezifo
Njengomunye umuthi wesithelo, izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal zenzeka kuma cherry. Abanye babo bathatha ingxenye ehlukene yomuthi, abanye bahlala emagqabeni, amagatsha, amaqabunga, izithelo. Indlela yokunquma uhlobo lwezifo ze-cherry nokuphathwa kwabo?
I-Leaf Rust
Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kungatholakala ngenyanga kaJulayi, lapho amabala okushisa avela ohlangothini oluphezulu lwamacembe. Indawo ethintekile iyaqhubeka ikhula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga awela ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izihlahla ngokwabo ziba buthakathaka ngenxa yalokhu, zibekezelela ukushisa kanye neqhwa elibi kakhulu. Amathuba ukuthi i-cherry ngeke ibeke izithelo ngonyaka ozayo iyanda kakhulu.
Ukuze unqobe lesi sifo, kufanele uqoqe wonke amaqabunga aphethwe awela phansi, futhi uwabhubhise. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umuthi kufanele uphathwe nge-chlorine dioxide yethusi ngokwesilinganiso esingu-40 g ngalinye ngamanzi angu-5 l. Okufanayo kunconywa futhi emva kokucubungula. Lapho ama-berries ehlangene, umuthi othintekayo kufanele uphathwe ne-Bordeaux liquid 1%.
Uyazi? Ezingxenyeni zethu, umuthi usulokhu ukhula kusukela esikhathini esidlule futhi namuhla unenqwaba yezilwane. Ukuhlukahluka okulodwa kuphela okuhlwanyelayo akusi ngaphansi kuka-150. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezifana neChernokorka, Shokoladnitsa, Shpanka nabanye. Njengomthetho, izihlahla ziphikisana nesithwathwa, isomiso, ukungathobeki. Qala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3-4 yokuphila.
Coccomycosis
Lesi sifo sesifo esithinta amaqabunga esivuno, kodwa nezithelo zawo. Amahlamvu abonakala ngamachashazi abomvu noma abomvu emaphethweni angaphandle namhlophe-pink (ama-fungal spores) ngezansi. Amaqabunga anjalo asheshe aphenduke futhi aphule, futhi izithelo zihlale zikhula ekuthuthukisweni futhi ziphinde zinyanyeke.
Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokuvuna komuthi, lapho i-mushroom ehlala emaqabungeni awile ephonsa ngaphandle izinhlamvu, eziphefumula amaqabunga emanzini aphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuthi ulahlekelwa ubusika bawo obusika futhi ungafa.
Ngakho-ke, ukulwa nesibetho, kubalulekile ukususa nokushisa amaqabunga awile, nokumba umhlaba phansi kwesihlahla. Baphinde bafafaze umuthi: phakathi nesikhathi lapho amaqabunga ahlaza ehlukene, khona-ke ngokushesha emva kokutshala emva kokuvuna. Le nhlanganisela isetshenziselwa ukufana namagqabi.
Kubalulekile! Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukulwa kwe-coccomycosis ne-moniliasis akusizi ngalutho, njengoba kusaqhubeka futhi esihlahleni. Kuphephile ukutshala nokutshala izihlahla ezincane eziphikisana nalezi zifo.
Klesterosporiosis
Kubuye kube nesifo sefungal, kodwa ngokuyinhloko sithinta amajikijolo ngokwawo. Ibhekwa ngezindawo ezibucayi ezicindezelekile, ezikhula kancane kancane futhi zikhuphuke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-gom iqala ukuphuma kubo. Kodwa-ke, uma isithelo siphelelwe yisikhathi segciwane, amabala angeke aqhubeke. Kulezi zindawo, i-berry iyoma emthanjeni.
I-fungus ingahlala emahlumela, ahlanganiswa okokuqala ngqa bese ehlukanisa amabala, asheshe ahlakaze, akhulule umuthi. Amaqabunga abathintekayo abe mnyama futhi awele, izimbali zivele ziwa.
Kunzima ukulwa ne-fungus, njengoba ibekezelela kalula amaqabunga emaqabunga awile noma amanxeba esihlahleni. Entwasahlobo, ekhuluma ebusweni begxolo, isakazwa yizinambuzane, umoya, nemifudlana yemvula. Isihlahla sinciphisa, kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe amagatsha agule futhi aphelile, amagatsha awile. Umuthi uchithelwa ngezingxube ezingenhla noma nge-Topsin-M 70% ngemuva kokuchichima. Udinga ukuphinda inqubo emavikini amabili.
Scab
Lesi sifo sibonakala emaqabunga amabala omnqumo noma amaqabunga amajikijolo avuthiwe. Ukulwa nalesi sifo kuqala ngokususwa kwezithelo ezithintekile nokupuniza noma yikuphi ukubulala nge-fungicide ngesikhathi kuvulwa amaqabunga, emva kwamasonto amathathu, emva kokuvuna amajikijolo futhi, uma kunesidingo, futhi emva kwamasonto amabili. Njengoba i-prophylaxis, i-trunk yesihlahla ihlanjululwa nge-nitrafen ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga ahlume kuwo.
Iyini izithelo ze-cherry ezigulayo namagxolo
I-Cherry yisifo hhayi kuphela endaweni yeqabunga. Izithelo namaqabunga omuthi nazo zibhekene nezinselele ezihlukahlukene, ezingahle zinciphise izithelo futhi zibhubhise ngokuphelele umuthi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhomba lesi sifo ngesikhathi bese ukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele.
I-Anthracnose
Isifo se-fungal, esiboniswa ngamachashazi amancane amajikijolo, aguqulwa abe ama-tubercles ashaqayo aneqhwa elibomvu. Lapho lesi sifo sishaya ngokuphelele ingane, i-mummified. Ngesikhathi sehlobo elimanzi, lesi sifo singakwazi ukufika ku-80% wesitshalo.
Ukulwa nale fungus ngesisombululo se-20 g we "Poliram" ebhaketheni lamanzi (10 l). Bayihlaba umuthi masinyane ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume izimbali, khona-ke ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho emva kwamasonto amabili.
IGommozi
Kubizwa nangokuthi i-gumming - flow and solidification ngendlela yamaconsi obala avela emagatsheni nasegumini. Kuwuphawu lwezihlahla ezibandayo noma ezikhuculwe ngokweqile. Uma ungalwi nalesi sifo, kuyoholela ekufeni kwesihlahla.
Ukuze silwe nokuqinisa imizamo yokucubungula i-cherry entwasahlobo evela ezinambuzane nezifo. Wonke amanxeba esihlahleni asheshe aphathwe nge-garden pitch noma i-1% isisombululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese ehlanganiswa ne-petralatum. Uma igatsha lithinteka kakhulu, kungcono ukulisika.
Monilioz
Ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-moniliasis, kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lwesifo kanye nesilinganiso sokubhujiswa kwalo. Ngenxa yokushisa komzimba, kokubili amagatsha omuthi we-cherry nawo wonke umuthi ungagoma. Kulesi simo, izindawo ezithintekile zibukeka sengathi zishiswe ngomlilo. Lokhu kuvame ukukwenzeka ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Khona-ke, ifomu elikhuphukile elikhuphukile emagqabeni, izithelo zibola futhi ziwa, amagatsha aqhekeka, akhulula i-gom.
Ukulwa, amagatsha athintekile anqunywa, athatha izindawo ezithile ezinempilo futhi ashiswa. Okufanayo kwenziwa ngezithelo, amahlamvu awile. Izinkuni ziphathwa nge-fungicide: "Kuprozan", "Kaptan", "Olekuprit" noma abanye. Futhi kuzodingeka baphakamise lesi sihlahla kaningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela i-monilioz cherries futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani, kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivivinya kusengaphambili.
Kubalulekile! Izimpawu zezifo azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokushesha. Ngokujwayelekile bayaqaphela lapho lesi sifo sesivele sithuthuka ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqaphele ukuwa okungazelelwe kwamahlamvu, ukuphuza kwawo, ukuphoqa, nezinye izinguquko emaqabunga, izithelo, amagxolo. Hlola umuthi ngokucophelela, thola imbangela yezilonda bese ukhetha ikhambi eliphumelelayo.
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane ze-cherry
Ngaphezu kwezifo, ama cherry alindele izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zingalimaza nje amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithelo zomuthi, ukunganaki yonke isitshalo. Okulandelayo, cabangela ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane zama cherry nokuthi kufanele ziphikisana nazo.
I-Cherry aphid
Le nkathazo ngokuvamile ihlasela izithombo zemithi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izibungu ezincane zivela emahlumela namaqabunga omuthi, zakha amakoloni amaningi. Abahlali besifazane banamaphiko futhi, behamba ngendiza, basakaza ama-aphid kwezinye izitshalo.
Ungakwazi ukulwa nama-aphid ngokupuniza izihlahla nge "Olekupkrit" noma "Nitrafen" ngokushesha uma izibungu zivela. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya alingaphansi kwama-5 ºC. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umuthi uphathwa nge "Phosphamide", "Metaphos" noma "Karbofos", kodwa ngaphambi kokuchichima. Uma kunesidingo, ehlobo ungaphinda ukwelashwa nezinambuzane.
Sawfly enhle kakhulu
Lezi zinambuzane zinombala omnyama omnyama futhi zithanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni zezithelo nezihlahla. Leli gama lalingenxa yokuthi i-larva eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka efana ne-comma ihlanganiswe nomsundu omnyama. Kuwusika esidlekeni ekujuleni kwe-5-15 cm, kuye ngokuthi ukushisa kwesimo sezulu. Ngentwasahlobo, i-pupates iphinde ifike phezulu ngesimo sezinambuzane ezindala. Bafaka amaqanda engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga emithi nezihlahla, lapho izibungu zidla khona, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, behla bese bezongcwaba emhlabathini.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba alwe nawo ekwindla ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi. Uma ukuhlasela kukhulu, inhlabathi ichithelwa nge-10% i-Trichlormetaphos, i-10% i-Karbofos, no-3.8% i-Chlorophos. Uma amakhemikhali abanjwa ngama-granules, ama-15-20 g wezinto kufanele ahlakazwe ebhakedeni lamanzi.
I-Hawthorn
I-butterfly enkulu, enombala omhlophe namaphiko amakhulu, ayithandi ama-cherry kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izitshalo zezithelo. Ngentambama uhamba ngezindiza namanzi. Isibungu saso singama-45 mm ubude, izinwele ezimpunga ezincane ezihlangothini kanye nesisu nesisu ezinomphuzi nomnyama emhlane. I-pupa ye-insect 2 cm ubude, i-gray ngezindawo ezimnyama.
Izibungu zenza izidleke emaqabunga omile, awile. Entwasahlobo bayakukhuphuka bese bedla amaqabunga emva kokuqhakaza. Bese bafunda emagatsheni noma ezicingo, futhi ngoJune, abantu abadala abadala baphuma ngaphandle, bebeka amaqanda ohlangothini olungaphambili lwamacembe. Amacimbi adla ncamashi le ngxenye yamahlamvu.
Ungawavikela ngokususa amaqabunga ngaphansi komuthi ubusika, ususe izidleke, ubeka amaqanda. Ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho izinambuzane ziphuma ezidlekeni zazo zasebusika, zihluma. Uma unquma ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-cherry entwasahlobo, qaphela amalungiselelo akhethekile i-Actellic, i-Corsair, i-Ambush emakethe angu-0.1%.
I-Cherry fly
Inambuzane encane ebomvu emnyama enemibala ephuzi yesikhathi eside ngemuva kwemitha eyi-4 mm ubude. Unamaphiko obala nemivimbo emine emnyama ngaphesheya kwephiko. Amehlo akhe ahlaza, ngemuva kwekhanda namathanga aphuzi, wonke umzimba umnyama. Ebusika, igoqa ngokwayo emgqeni wombala ophuzi ophuzi nomgqomo obumbene enhlabathini engenhla (kufika ku-13 cm).
Entwasahlobo emva kokuhamba, inhlanzi idla izikhumba ze-cherry aphid, futhi lapho izithelo zivuthwa - ijusi layo. Amaqanda asetshenziselwa izithelo ezingavuthiwe, azibhoboza. Izibungu zikhula izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20, zidla emathinini amajikijolo azungeze amathambo. Uma isikhathi sifikile, siphuphuma kuzo futhi siwa phansi, sigubha futhi siphunduka ngama-cocoons ebusika. Yidla izithelo zibole futhi zinyamalale.
Ukuqeda izimpukane, bazama ukutshala izinhlobo zakuqala zama cherry nama cherry, phakathi nesikhathi sonke esifudumele sonyaka abakhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu, bachithe izinambuzane okungenani kabili ngenkathi. Ukusifiphaza kwesibili kufanele kwenziwe kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna. Akufakiwe kuphela umqhele womuthi, kodwa inhlabathi ewuzungezayo. Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla ekwephuzile, bahlaba umhlaba nxazonke zomuthi wesihlahla ngokuya okungenani okungama-20 cm.
I-weevil Cherry
I-Beetle engu-9 mm ubude, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ebusika ihlaba emhlabathini, kanti entwasahlobo ifika ebusweni futhi ifaka amahlamvu amancane nezimbali. Lapho izithelo zivuthwa, insikazi igxuma ngaphakathi kwethambo, iyigubha futhi ibeka amaqanda lapho. Isibungu sondla inyama yethambo, futhi ngemva kokuphela kwezithelo, sehla emhlabathini, siyibopha futhi siphume. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, iphenduka i-beetle, ephakathi kwentwasahlobo bese ifika phezulu.
Ngakho-ke, ungalwa ngokumba noma ukulima inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla nezihlahla. Entwasahlobo, ngenkathi amaqabunga eqhakaza, izicupho zifakwe ezihlahleni, ezihlala zihlanza izibungu, zizitshengisa emgqonyeni wepulasitiki, zifakwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-11 emva kokuphela kwezimbali, kubalulekile ukucubungula umuthi noma shrub ngesisombululo se-0.3% seKarbofos.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela, indlela yokuvikela ama cherry ezifweni nezilokazane
Izindlela zokuvimbela ziqala ngokunquma ama cherry, ukuphatha amanxeba ngesisombululo se-copper sulfate kanye ne-pitch pitch, ukugwinya kwamagatsha omzimba wamagatsha kanye namagatsha e-lime. Lokhu kufanele kuqalwe lapho ijusi ku-cherry lingakaqali ukufika.
Isigaba esilandelayo sishaye imibuthano ye-pristvolny ngesisombululo sika-700 g we-urea ebhakede lamanzi. Ngeke nje kubhubhise izinambuzane kanye nezifungulu ezingaphezu kwe-inwinter emhlabathini nasemakhakheni, kodwa futhi zigcwalise umuthi nge nitrogen, okudingekayo ekwakheni amahlamvu ashisayo. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivule, ngaphandle kwalokho zingashisa. Uma ungenayo isikhathi sokwenza ngesikhathi, sebenzisa amalungiselelo "Agravertin", "Akarin", "Fitavarm", "Nitrafen". Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa "i-Ecoberin" noma "i-Zircon", okuzosiza ukwandisa ukumelana kwesihlahla ukuze izimo zezulu nezifo.
Ngemuva kokulahla amahlamvu ekwindla, umuthi kufanele unqunywe, ukwelapha izindawo ezinqunywe nge-sulphate yethusi kanye ne-pitch pitch. Wonke amagatsha aqokiwe futhi aqoqwe amaqabunga kufanele ashiswe. Ngokushesha nje lapho ama-frosts okuqala edlulayo, kufanelekile ukuphatha umhlabathi oseduze ne-cherry kanye nesihlahla ngokwawo nesisombululo se-urea (5%).
Ngokuqondene nokuvimbela izifo, ekuqaleni kokubonakala kokuqhakaza umuthi noma shrub uphathwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube noma isisombululo se-35 g se-oxychloride yokumiswa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukwelashwa kwesibili ngalezi zinto ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchichima. Uma ungenayo isikhathi sokubamba lo mzuzu futhi amaqabunga asevele evele, ukuze angashiseli, kungcono ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana neKaptan, Ftalan, Kuprozan. Kubalulekile futhi ukwenza ezinye izindlela ezimbili zokwelashwa ngalezi zinkinga - amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuba amajikijolo asuswe futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalo.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwezinambuzane kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule. Kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuphalaza izifo ze-prophylactic ngokungeza u-60 g we "Benzophosphate" noma u-80 g we "Malathof" ibhakede lamanzi ngesisombululo.. Khona-ke ukwelashwa okufanayo kwenziwa amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.
Njengoba ubona, i-cherry ethandwa kakhulu futhi ethandekayo yizo zonke izifo eziningi nezinambuzane. Kodwa uma isikhathi sokwenza izinyathelo zokuzivikela, isivuno singagcinwa.
