Ngokuvamile i-wireworm iba yisiqalekiso sabalimi, abaqalayo ikakhulukazi. Phela, le nkathazo ngokuvamile ihlasela ngokungajwayelekile emasimini ezitshalo, okwenziwa njalo isikhathi eside. Ukulimala kwe-parasite kukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amazambane ahlushwa kuwo. Ngezinye izikhathi umzabalazo naye uhamba iminyaka eminingi. Ngezinyathelo eziqinisekisiwe zokulwa ne-wireworm, funda lesi sihloko. Ukwaziswa okuqoqwe lapha kuzosusa ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo umdli ocasulayo wezitshalo zezitshalo.
Hlangana ne-wireworm
Ukuze ukwazi isitha ngomuntu, kufanele ube nomqondo walokho ucingo lubonakala. Lezi izibungu ezindala zokuchofoza izilwanyana (lat. Elateridae), ezitholakala ngegama ngenxa yomzimba onamandla kakhulu futhi onzima, njengetambo, - akunakwenzeka ukubawachoboza ngeminwe yakho. Izimpungushe zinemibala enombala ophuzi, omnyama, omnyama futhi afinyelele ubukhulu obuyi-10-45 mm ubude. Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa iminyaka emihlanu. Chofoza izibhungane zifike phezulu enhlabathini ngo-Ephreli. Ukwenziwa komzimba kwenziwa emhlabathini, kuya ku-1-3 cm ejulile. Omunye wesifazane angafaka amaqanda angu-120-150. Emva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu, izibungu ezincane zivela, zidwetshwe ezimhlophe futhi zisengozini kalula. Ngalesi sikhathi bangabhujiswa yizinyosi zasemhlabathini. Abakwazi ukulimaza izitshalo ezilimisiwe.
Njengoba bekhula, cishe ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, izibungu ze-beetle yokuchofoza zithola umbala ophuzi noma obunamabala, umzimba wabo uqina ngokwengeziwe. Kulo mhlaba, kudliwa izinkukhu nezinyoni eziphazamisayo. Futhi kule minyaka yobudala ukuthi ibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezitshalo. Imifucumfucu ihlala emigqeni engenhla yenhlabathi - ngokujula kufikela ku-5 cm. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi, zijula ngamasentimitha angu-50-60. I-pupate yezibungu phakathi nehlobo elesine ngonyaka wokuphila. Izibhungane ezindala zivela ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20. Hibernate emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Ama-wireworms aseduze omnivorous. Ekufuneni kokudla, bangakwazi ukuhambisa kunoma iyiphi indlela ekude ngamabanga amade.
Yiziphi izitshalo ezonakalisa ukulimala kwe-wireworm?
Ukudla okuthandekayo kakhulu kwezimpungushe ze-beetle ngokuchofoza yizambatho. Futhi izitshalo azithandayo yizinyosi, izaqathe, ibhali, ukolweni, ummbila. Ukulimala u-anyanisi kanye nobusabheka. Kusuka ukhula, ama-wireworms adonsa utshani obunamanzi Izimpungushe zidla imbewu, amahlumela, izimpande, ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba ye-stem, izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Izitshalo ezonakaliswe yi-wireworms zinciphisa ukukhula futhi zinciphisa isivuno. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezithinteka yilokhu kuphahlazeka azifanelekile ukutshala, ngoba zibola ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwezolimo, ama-wireworms nawo awonakalisa izitshalo zasegadini nasehlathini.
Uyazi? I-wireworm isakazeka ngentshiseko emhlabathini omanzi nowomuncu, engadini ehlwanyelwe yemifino egcwele ukolweni utshani.
Manje ungakwazi ukubona kalula i-wireworm futhi ube nomqondo wokuthi lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi eyingozi engabangela ukulimala okukhulu - kuze kubhujiswe iningi lesitshalo. Okulandelayo, sibheka izinyathelo eziphumelela kakhulu ezizosiza ukususa insimu yezimpungushe ze-beetle.
Izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nomsebenzi we-agrotechnical kusayithi
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuthola i-wireworm kusayithi:
- i-agrotechnical;
- i-biological;
- amakhemikhali
Impumelelo enkulu ekulwa nemifino ye-wireworms ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze ugweme ukubukeka kwezibungu ezinambuzane ensimini yakho, kufanele ulandele imithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo. Njengoba amabhungane nezibungu ebusika enhlabathini, umhlabathi engadini ubonisa ukumba okujulile, kanye nokulima ukulima. Banikeze ngo-Okthoba, ngasekupheleni kwenyanga. Lezi zinqubo zikhipha ama-wireworms emhlabathini, lapho ama-frosts okuqala ezowabhubhisa khona.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhluma kwe-autumn kuzovumela iminyaka emibili kuya kweyithathu ukunciphisa inani lezilokazane ngama-50-90%.
Kubalulekile nokubhubhisa izimila zezitshalo nezitshalo ezilinywayo - ukhipha ama-rhizomes alo ngesandla. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi angeke ashiye ebusika ezweni lama-tuberator. Emva kwakho konke, ngale ndlela, uzohlinzeka ukudla kule nkathazo ngesikhathi sokubusika. Futhi udinga, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukumsusa kulokhu kujabulisa. Ungayigodli omunye wemithetho esemqoka yobuchwepheshe bezolimo - ukubhujiswa okwesikhashana kokhula. Ngaphandle kwe-wheatgrass, qiniseka ukuthi ususa ama-burdocks. Futhi kufanele babhujiswe kanye nezimpande, ngoba kukhona lapho izibungu zihlala khona. NgoMeyi noJuni, ukukhishwa kwendawo kusetshenziselwa. Ukukhohlisa izitha zemvelo ze-beetle ngokuchofoza kuyisilinganiso sokuvimbela. Lezi zihlanganisa izinyoni ezinamandla: ihotela, i-rook, i-thrush, i-crow, i-starling, i-wagtail. Futhi izibungu nezimpungushe zidliwa ngamaxoxo, emhlabathini wesibhakabhaka, izicabucabu, izintuthwane.
Ukunciphisa inhlabathi ye-acidity (ukushaywa)
I-Wireworm ithanda ukuhlala enhlabathini enomsoco, ngakho-ke enye yezindlela zokukuvimbela kuyoba ukunciphisa ubuningi bomhlabathi ngokungeza i-lime, uthuli lwamalahle, ukushayela, umlotha wokhuni. I-lime ihlakazekile ngqo emibhedeni, noma ifakwe emithonjeni yokutshala. Futhi emithonjeni yengeze u-anyanisi ikhasi, umlotha.
Ukutshala okusanhlamvu, izitshalo, isinaphi
Enye yezintambo ze-wireworms ukuheha abantu ngokutshala okusanhlamvu kuka-10-15 kwebhali, ukolweni, ama-oats, kanye nommbila esakhiweni emasontweni owodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane noma ezinye imifino. Ngemuva kwalokho, amahlumela abamba, izibungu zibhujiswa. Kudingeka futhi ukutshala isardada endaweni lapho kuhlelwe ukutshala amazambane esikhathini esizayo - ama-wireworms ayo ayithandi. Okokuqala, kuhlwanyelwa ekwindla, emva kokuvuna. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-1-1.5, isinaphi sifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-10 cm. Usikiwe futhi ubeke phansi emhlabathini ubusika. I-mustard yesitshalo ihlwanye futhi. Khona-ke futhi sinqunywa futhi ingcwatshwe emhlabathini. Uma idilika, lesi sitshalo sizokhipha amafutha abalulekile emhlabathini, okuzokwesaba i-wireworm. Futhi, izibungu azibekezeleli izitshalo emoyeni: uphizi, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze besabe ama-parasite, kufanele atshalwe eduze namazambane. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zitshalo zitshalwe ngqo emthonjeni wamazambane.
Hlanganisa ukuzungeza
I-wireworm exoshiwe ngokugcwele ensimini ivumela ukujikelezwa kwesitshalo esifanele. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umhlabathi usuphelile, inani elikhulayo lezifo nezinambuzane zihlala kuzo. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukutshala isiko elifanayo noma izihlobo zalo minyaka yonke endaweni efanayo. Umhlaba kufanele uvunyelwe ukuphumula iminyaka emithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma, ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi elandelayo, isitshalo sitshalwe endaweni yamazambane, okuyinto ama-wireworms angadli, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi bazofa ngendlala baze bathole ukudla kwenye indawo. Ngaphambi kokuba amazambane anconywe ukutshala izitshalo ezinjalo: isipinashi, ubhontshisi, i-rapeseed, lwesinaphi, i-buckwheat. Kudinga ukushintshana iminyaka emibili kuya kwemibili - ngalesi sikhathi i-wireworm izohamba.
I-Beetle bait
Izimbongolo nezimpungushe zingakhokhiswa ngezinhlanzi. Isibonelo, zilungele kanje. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho ama-wireworms esesondla ngokhula, enza ama-depressions amancane lapho bafaka khona utshani obunamanzi, utshani noma u-hay. Ikhava eliphezulu ngamabhodi. Ukufuna izibungu zokudla kuzosuswa kulezi zingcingo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezimbili, lapho izinambuzane zikhethwe ngamandla ngotshani nomhlanga, zisuswe futhi zibhujiswe ngokushisa. Ukufeza umphumela wenqubo eyenziwe izikhathi eziningana.
Ukulunywa okunjalo kungenziwa kusuka kumazambane, ama-carrot izingcezu, beet. Bangcwatshwa emhlabathini ngokujula kwama-7-15 cm endaweni eyi-1 m kusuka komunye nomunye kuya kwamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ezincane. Kamuva, futhi bakhulelwa futhi babhujiswa kanye nezibungu. Ukungcwaba izingosi ezifakiwe kubhalisiwe. Amazambane angafakwa emgqeni. Faka isicelo futhi amabhange agcwele amaqabunga amazambane amancane.
Zibekelwe inani lezingcezu ezingu-10 ngamakhulu. Njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, okuqukethwe kwamathini kubuyekezwa. Futhi, amaqabunga e-lettuce atshalwa njengesicupho phakathi kwamahlathi amazambane. Okokuqala, ama-wireworms azobhubhisa izimpande zalesi sitshalo esithile, okuzovumela amazambane ukuba aphile kahle okwesikhashana. Kuyasiza ukuqeda ama-eggshell ezinambuzane nezinambuzane ezichotshoziwe. Ihlakazekile nxazonke ensimini kulo lonke ihlobo. I-Bait - indlela echitha isikhathi, kodwa iphephile kwimvelo futhi ikuvumela ukuba unciphise kakhulu izinambuzane engadini.
Ukwelashwa kwama-insecticide
Ngaphambi kokunquma ukwelapha ingadi ngamakhemikhali avela kuma-wireworms, kubalulekile ukuzama izindlela eziningi zemvelo zokuxosha inkathazo ngangokunokwenzeka. Indlela emnene yokunciphisa inani lezinambuzane ifaka umanyolo emhlabathini ngamanyolo e-ammonium aqukethe, noma uqalise amanzi ammonia. Ubunzima bukhona eqinisweni lokuthi amanzi ammonia kumele afakwe emhlabathini ukuze agweme ukuzithengiswa kwe-ammonia. Izindlela ezinomusa zihlanganisa ukuchelela umhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala isisombululo se-pink se-potassium permanganate (5 g / 10 l amanzi). Ukusetshenziswa - izimbobo ezingu-10 l / 10-15. Futhi, ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyanisela ngesisombululo esimnandi esilungisiwe kusuka ku-5 g we-potassium permanganate kanye no-10 amalitha amanzi.
Ngaphambi kokulima noma ngesikhathi sokutshala amazambane, ungenza ukwakheka, ulungiselelwe kanje. I-5 kg ye-superphosphate granules ihlakaza kule filimu. I-pesticide ("Aktellik" (15 ml), "i-karate" (1 ml), "i-Decis extra" (4 ml)) ihlanjululwa emkhakheni we-acetone wamanzi (80 ml amanzi, 200 ml we-acetone). Hlanganisa ama-spray granules kwi-polyethylene, eyomile futhi isakazeka kusayithi. Ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela yakhelwe i-100 sq. M. Ngemuva kwalendlela, inhlabathi kufanele iguqulwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane okubulala izinambuzane kusuka ku-wireworm kuyisilinganiso esiphezulu, esetshenziselwa kuphela uma ezinye izindlela zingakusizi.
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela okukhulu kwe-wireworm, amanye amakhemikhali angasetshenziswa. Izindlela ezingathandeki kakhulu kuzo zonke izindlela ukufakwa kwesidakamizwa "Basudin". Ukusetshenziswa - 40 g / 1 sq. M. m. Into esebenzayo, engxenyeni yale thuluzi - diazonin, eyingozi kakhulu kubantu nakwezemvelo. I-diazonin engu-5% iphindwe emithonjeni ngesikhathi sokutshala (30 g / 10 sq. M). Ezinye zezinambuzane ezisetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba ye-wireworm kufaka phakathi "i-Prestige" (iyabulala kufika ku-50-70%). Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungenzeka kuphela phakathi kwezinkathi zokuphumula kanye nezinhlobo eziphuzile, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu. Ngaphezu kwe-wireworm kusiza ukubhekana ne-Colorado beetle ama-beetle. Isidakamizwa "I-Provotoks" ihloswe kuphela ekuqedeni i-wireworm. Ngosizo lwawo, bahlaziya amazambane nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa ama-insecticide, kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalelo emaphaketheni, futhi ugcine izinyathelo zokuphepha.
Ukupheka ama-infusions okuzenzela
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngabagadi, izindlela ezahlukene zabantu ziye zazama. Omunye wabo uphuza nge-infusion ye-herbal yenambuzane, i-celandine, i-coltsfoot.
I-Nettle
Ukukhipha inambuzane kulungiselelwe ngalendlela elandelayo: isisindo sezitshalo ezichotshoziwe ukuphikelela usuku lonke ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Inqubo iphindwe kabili noma kathathu ngezikhathi zeviki. Isixazululo esilungisiwe sisetshenziselwa ngokushesha emva kokulungiselela, akusikho ngaphansi kwesitoreji.
Kusuka ku-celandine
Kuyasiza ukuvikela amazambane kusuka ku-wireworm ngokufaka izilimo eziyizigaxa zaso isikhathi esifushane ngaphambi kokutshala ekufakweni kwe-celandine, noma ngokungeza ukumnika emgodini. Ukumnika ama-celandine kulungiselelwe ngale ndlela: 100 g wezitshalo ezichotshoziwe zihlanjululwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi futhi ziphikelela izinsuku ezintathu. Njengokwesikhashana esidlule, ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngokukhipha izitshalo kusetshenziswe izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
I-coltsfoot
Ukuze ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo yemifino kuthathe ama-200 g omama ochotshoziwe nomama wesisu, uthele ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese ucindezela amahora angu-24. Ukumnika okufanayo kufakwe futhi kusuka ku-200 g we-dandelion. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi omuntu avela ku-wireworm ngeke anikeze umphumela wamaphesenti ayikhulu. Kumele zifakwe enkingeni yezinyathelo zokuxoshwa kwe-parasite evela engadini.
Sibheke izindlela eziningi zokubhekana ne-wireworm. Kodwa-ke, into esemqoka akusiyo imizamo yokuqeda ukuhlasela, kepha izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Uma ulandela imithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo nokujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukunciphisa izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi, ususe utshani obolweni, ucingo ngeke luthole ensimini yakho, futhi uzokwazi ukuqondisa yonke imizamo yakho yokulima nokuvuna izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu.
