Kuyinto emangalisa kakhulu, kodwa ngesizathu esithile sijwayele ukuhlukanisa izinkomo hhayi ngokuzalwa, kodwa ngombala. Yiqiniso, kumbelethi onolwazi, i-suit ingaxoxa ngezinto eziningi, kodwa abathandi bombala ngeke babe umgomo wokuhlola ukusebenza kwenkomo.
Ngakho-ke, ukujwayele lesi silwane esihle kufanele siqale ngokuthi yikuphi uhlobo, futhi ngemuva kokufunda zonke izici zohlobo, ukudweba ngezici zesilwane esithile.
Ngakho-ke, uma bekufanele uhlangabezane nezinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus, siyakujabulela ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi, nokuthi zikhiqiza kanjani izimo zokugcina ikhaya.
Sina umlando wemvelaphi kanye nezici zezinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus
Le nhlobo yezinkomo sekuyisikhathi eside iba yindabuko yokuzalisa epulazini ezweni lakubo - iSwitzerland Scotland. Kodwa akusaba khona kakhulu ensimini yezinye amazwe namazwekazi.
Ukuthandwa okunjalo kufanelwe kahle, ngoba isiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuzalanisa lezi zinkabi yinkomo, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi uthole amanani amancane ubisi. Ngalokho, i-Aberdeen-Angus ikhiqiza ingomunye wabambalwa ukuthi, ngenxa yobunqunu bomzimba wabo, bangabakhiqizi bezinyosi ezidliwayo.
Ukukhiqiza okuhle okunjalo kwazuzwa njengelifa ngenxa yalolu hlobo kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkomo ze-English ezilandelayo:
- Imfuyo yase-Aberdeen, inzuzo enkulu eyakhiwe kakhulu futhi ukukhula okusheshayo kwezilwane ezincane. Lezi yizinkomo zenyama kuphela, ezazuzwa njengezizukulwane ezichazwe thina.
- Izinkomo ezinkulu ze-Angus, eziyingxenye enkulu kakhulu ngobukhulu bomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomo ze-Angus zibhekwa phakathi kwezibisi eziningi, kodwa lesi sici asidluliswanga ku-Aberdeen-Angus.
Incazelo yezingaphandle kanye neminye imingcele yezinkomo ze-Aberdeen Angus
Isici sokuqala esivela ekubukeni kwalesi sizwe ukuthi kungokwezilwane zezinkomo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izilwane zombili ziyisilisa nowesifazane, azikho izimpondo. Lokhu kwenza ukuphila kunzima kakhulu kulendawo, kodwa, akusebenzi neze ekugcineni kwekhaya.
Isibonakaliso sesibili ongahlukanisa ngazo izinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus yi-suit yabo, ikakhulukazi ethulwe emnyama. Kodwa-ke, abamele abanezinwele ezibomvu bavame ukutholakala, okungeyona uphawu lwezinhlamvu noma ukuwohloka kwezici zezilwane.
Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zinkomo zinalokhu okulandelayo izici zokubukeka komzimba:
- Inhloko yabameleli bohlobo, nakuba inzima, isayizi encane. Ibunzana lihamba phambili kancane, futhi ngemuva kwekhanda kuncane kakhulu. I-muzzle isifushane.
- Imilenze yabo imisipha kakhulu, ebonakalayo ngisho nangaso iso, ngakho-ke iyenyama. Ukuphakama kukhona okufushane, kodwa okuqinile futhi okusethiwe kahle.
- Umzimba ukhulu kakhulu, unzulu futhi unzima, ukuze imilenze yalezi zindezi ithwale umthwalo osindayo. Umgqa ophezulu womzimba wohlobo uphelele ngokuphelele.
- Intamo ivame ukungabonakali, ngoba kusukela ekhanda ngokushesha ihlangene namahlombe.
- Yenziwe kahle kakhulu kubamele bezinhlanga futhi bawela. Imilenze iyindilinga, imisipha yabo iqhutshwe kahle futhi ihlehlela emlenzeni kuya ehlathini.
Ngenxa yobuningi bezimpawu ezingenhla, ngokudla okunempilo, izinkomo zithola ububunjwa obunamathekisthi obumangalisa ngemisipha yabo.
Ngoba isikhumba lezi zinkomo pretty loose, ephansi kakhulu futhi encane, imisipha ibonakala ngokubonakalayo kuyo.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi umgogodla wezilwane uncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke isisindo saso ngokuphathelene nesisindo sayo yonke isidumbu singaba ngu-15 kuya ku-18% kuphela.
Kweminye imingcele yomzimba, izinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus ziyamangalisa nakakhulu:
- Ukuphakama kwabantu abadala ekubundeni kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-120 kuya ku-150 cm (izinkunzi zikhulu ngobukhulu, ngakho-ke zivame ukude).
- Ububanzi besifuba singaba ngu-45-65 webs.
- Emaklokah ububanzi bomthamo buphakathi kwamapentimitha angu-50 kuya ku-60.
- Kusukela kumamitha angu-135 kuya kwangu-140 ngokwesilinganiso kungashintsha ubude bomzimba walezi zinkomo.
Kusukela kulesi sihloko ngenhla kulandela ukuthi sikhuluma ngezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu. Kodwa ngalokhu konke, ngokwemvelo yabo, basuke behamba kahle, ababonisi ngisho nezibonakaliso zokuhlukunyezwa (ngaphandle kwezinkunzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa).
Izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Aberdeen-Angus zizalwa
Njengoba ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwalezi zinkabi yinyama yabo, umgomo oyinhloko yimuphi umfuyi wezinkomo ukukhulisa le nyama ngokushesha.
Endabeni yohlobo oluchazwe, akufaneleki ukukhathazeka ngalokhu ikakhulukazi, ngoba akusiyo nje kuphela edla kahle, kodwa yenza ngokushesha. Ukufaneleka kwesici esinjalo akungabazeki ukuthi kuleso sakhiwo sezilwane zokugaya futhi ngendlela ama-fatty tissue abo afakwa ngayo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi amafutha akagcinwa kuwo ngokwahlukana nenyama, ngenxa yalokho amanoni amaningi "Klondike" angenziwa.
Izinkomo zase-Aberdeen ze-Angus Amafutha anamandla akhiwa kahle emafayilini omzimba, ngenxa yalokho, futhi kuvela inyama enjalo ye-marble edumile. Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nenyama kanye nezici zayo zokuqoqa izochazwa ngezansi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izinkomo zalolu hlobo zikwazi ukukhuphuka okuhle nangaphandle kokunye okunye okuphakelayo, ngaphandle kohlaza obuluhlaza emadlelweni. Ejwayele izinkomo, i-Aberdeen-Angus izinkomo zingadla ngisho namaqabunga e-shrub. Ukudla okuyisisekelo kwentengo encane ngokwemvelo kwenza ubisi lomama.
Ukufaneleka okukhulu kohlobo oluchazwe ukuthi liyiqiniso lokuthi ama-geni alo angadlulisela izimfanelo zenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho bewela nabo, hhayi nje kuphela inani kodwa futhi izinga lomphumela okhulayo.
Futhi, lapho bewela nezinye izinzalo ezizukulwaneni zabo, izinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus zithuthukisa kakhulu (ikhono lokuyeka ngokushesha ukukhula komzimba futhi ziqale ukuzuza isisindo salo, futhi zisheshe zifinyelele ekukhuleni). Kule ndaba, lolu hlobo lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuzaliseni.
Yiziphi izici ezibalulekile zohlobo okufanele ziziwe ngaphambi kokuzithenga?
Ngicabanga ukuthi, lapho ngifunde ulwazi mayelana nemvelaphi yohlobo, abaningi bakholelwa ngokushesha ukuthi ngabe kungagcinwa yini ensimini yezwe lethu. Lo mbuzo unengqondo, kodwa masinyane sishesha ukukukwazisa ukuthi lezi zinkomo zivumelane kahle nesimo sezulu saseRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus.
Naphezu kokuthi i-Aberdeen Angus ikhiphe isimo sezulu esibandayo ngesimo sezulu esinamandla, singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa emazweni atshisayo.
Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ukuthi bangakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokushesha kuma-subtropics bese bathola ukukhiqiza okuhle. Kungadingeka ulinde isizukulwane esisha kuze kube yilapho kutholakala khona ukuvumelanisa okuphelele. Nakuba, ukhetho olungcono kakhulu kungaba ukuthenga nje izilwane ezivele zivumelane nezimo zakho.
Noma kunjalo, akunandaba ukuthi yisiphi isimo sezulu ozoyizalisa kuzo lezi zilwane, noma kunjalo Asikho isidingo samakhanda. Phela, enye inzuzo yalolu hlobo ikwazi ukukhuthazelela kalula ngisho nokushisa okukhulu kwamandla okushisa emoyeni.
Iningi elikhulu kulekhono lezilwane ngokungathandabuzeki lidlalwa yijazi elimnyama lezinkomo, kanye nesistimu yomzimba omzimba omzimba. Ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamafutha kunesithakazelo nezilwane ngesikhathi esifudumele.
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zezinkomo zezinkomo ezihloswe ukuba zingene mahhala emadlelweni, izinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus zingase zimelele uhlobo oluhlangene lomkhiqizo.
Iphuzu lokuthi izinkomo zalolu hlobo nazo ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ubisi, nakuba kule ndaba ziphansi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinye izinhlobo. Ubisi lwabo luvame kakhulu futhi ngonyaka owodwa bangaba 1300-1700 kilogram (ngaphandle kokucabangela isikhathi sokudla kwethole).
Ingabe lo mhlobo unamaphutha futhi yiziphi?
Noma kunjalo imisipha yomlenze yalezi zinkomo isathuthuka kakhuluNgokuphathelene nomzimba omkhulu, bahlala bebuthaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokukhuluphala ngokweqile, izilwane zingaphula imilenze yazo, noma zivele ziwa.
Kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi izinkomo ze-Aberdeen Angus ayinconywa ngokuncelisa. Phela, uma izinkunzi zivunyelwe ukuba zihlatshwe ngesikhathi esincane, futhi ngisho nobuthakathaka bemilenze ngeke buphazamise lokhu, khona-ke izinkomo azikwazi ukukhululeka kunoma yikuphi.
Kunzima kakhulu izilwane zasifazane ukuba zithwale isisindo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi ukuxuba kungase kwenzeke nezinkinga.
Ukubukeka kwentwasahlobo kanye nokukhangisa kobuhlanga nakho kuphazamisa ukubuyela emuva kwesilwane kanye nenhloko enzima kakhulu. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo zici zomthethosisekelo zivumela izilwane ukuba zivumelane kangcono nezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo.
Ubunzima bokuzalanisa nokulondoloza uhlobo oluchazwe luhlanganisa isidingo sezindawo ezinkulu zokudla. Zilungele ukulima, noma ukuzalela emapulazini okuzingela.
Izici zokukhiqiza izinkomo zokugcina amarekhodi enyama
Sabize amaqembu alezi zizathu ngesizathu esihle, ngoba zihlala zindawo yokuqala ekuziphatheni kwazo. Abantu abadala asebevele bekhulile bayakwazi ukuthola ama-indices amakhulu kakhulu:
- Isisindo senkomo singahluka kusuka ku-500 kuya kuma-550 kilogram.
- Izinkumbi zilula kancane kalula kusuka ku-750 kuya ku-950 kilogram.
Izinkunzi zivame ukuthunyelwa ekuhlatshweni zisencane ukuze zilondoloze ukunethezeka nokuthandeka kwenyama. Okuhle kakhulu kulezilwane ezifanele phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kwemibili. Kodwa-ke, kuphawulwe ukuthi nakuba uneminyaka yesilwane, inyama iyaqina, ingeza kuphela eminye imingcele.
Ama-tasters okuhlangenwe nakho ukunambitha inyama akwazi ukuthola ukuthi isilwane esivela kuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhishwa kwesidumbu kuyinto engama-60% enyama ehlanzekile. Zonke lezi zici zivumela ukuba sicabange ukusebenza komhlobo kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuzikhethela kokuzala kabusha
Ukuqothulwa kokuqala kwezinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus kungakenziwa kakade kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-14-16, ukukholisa kungenziwa njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa ikhola ikhiqiza amathole amabili emhlabeni ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Naphezu kokuthi izinkomo zigcinwa evulekile, Ukufa phakathi kwe-stock esincane akuncane kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa hhayi kuphela ngokunakekelwa ngumama, kodwa futhi nangokwelashwa okuqinile.
Ngisho nesisindo samathole asanda kuzalwa singasuka ku-16 kuya ku-28 kilogram. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izinkomo eziye zashiya imizimba yazo zibonisa kahle izilwane zazo zomzimba futhi zizondla ngokuzenzekelayo amathole ngobisi kuze kube nezinyanga ezingu-8.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokudla kuphela ekusetshenzisweni ubisi, amathole athola cishe ama-kilogram ayi-180, nakuba ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokungabikho komama, isisindo sabo ngokuvamile sifinyelela ku-230 kilogram.
Lesi sici sidlala indima ebalulekile ekondleni abasha, okufaka isandla ekukhuleni okusheshayo. Uma uhlinzeka ngesitoko esincane hhayi ubisi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngesisekelo esihle sokudoba ngesimo sokudla okunomsoco oluhlaza, isilinganiso sokwanda nsuku zonke singaba kusuka ku-700 kuya kwangu-800 amagremu.
Sekuvele ngemuva kokugcoba amathole asuka kumama, ukondla izindleko zokuthola u-1 kilogram yenzuzo kungama-feed angu-6.5 kuphela, okuyikhombisi ephansi kakhulu yezinkomo.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nezinkomo ezifuywayo zenkomo.
Indlela yokukhulisa inyama engcono kakhulu ephukile: amathiphu okugcina nokudla izinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, isici esihlukile sezinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus wukuthi amafutha awo awafakwanga ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kodwa phakathi kwezingcingo ze-muscle. Ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, inyama enjalo ibonakala njengemabula ebomvu, okuyigama layo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanoni akakhohlisi ikhwalithi yenyama, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho - yenza kube yiziqhingi ngempela.
Ngenxa yamafutha amanengi, inyama yenkomo ayibe yinto elula, kodwa ibuye ibe nempumelelo kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ithole izimfanelo zokunambitheka ezihlukile.
Inyama yezinkomo zase-Aberdeen-Angus iphinde ikhuthazwe ukuba ikhuthazele ukuvuthwa, noma ukuguga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ithunyelwa emakamelweni akhethekile ngaphandle kwemidwebo, lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa khona enqenqemeni yenyama yokuqandisa.
Kule nqubo elula, inyama ayitholi nje ukunambitheka okusha, kodwa futhi iba yinto elula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izicubu ezihlangene ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzyme (amaprotheni catalysts) zenziwa ukubola, ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwenkomo ethile.
Incazelo yezidingo ezidingekayo zokuqukethwe kanye nesisekelo sokudla
Ukukhulisa inyama enjalo ekhaya akudingekile nhlobo, noma kunalokho akunjalo neze, ukusebenzisa izingqikithi ezihlukahlukene zokugcoba. Isisekelo semfuyo yemvelo yamadlelo siyoba ukudla okungcono kakhulu kunomsoco kunabameleli bohlobo oluchazwe.
Ngalokho, izinkomo ze-Aberdeen-Angus zamahhala zigcinwa unyaka wonke. Ukudla okungeziwe okudingayo ukunikeza kuphela ngezikhathi zasebusika, lapho umhlabathi uhlanganiswa neqhwa nezilwane abakwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla kwabo ngokwabo.
Kuhle kakhulu uma ama-shrub yemvelo namahlathi ehlathini kanye namanzi emzimbeni atholakala emadlelweni. Kulokhu, izilwane akudingeki neze ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Kodwa akusiyo kuphela inzuzo yalendlela yokugcina: kukholelwa ukuthi ngokugcinwa kwemvelo kwezinkomo zohlobo oluchazwe, ukunambitheka kwenyama yabo kuyaba mnandi futhi kuhlolwe okuningi.
Yiziphi izilwane ezingabakhiqizi abangcono kunazo zonke?
Ukuze uthole inyama ye-marble ephezulu, abalimi emazweni amaningi aseYurophu bakhula kuphela izinkunzi. Kodwa-ke, ezweni lakubo lozalo kanye nase-Ireland, inyama yalamathole, eyayingasetshenziswanga ngesikhathi semathole, ibhekwa njengokucutshungulwa.
Izinkunzi ezakhiwe zibizwa ngokuthi izinkabi, futhi yinyama yazo okubhekwa njengeyona engcono kakhulu ukunambitha.
Iqiniso liwukuthi izintambo zomsila zesilwane esinjalo zilula kakhulu kunenkunzi ejwayelekile, enikeza inyama ikhwalithi ephakeme yekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwezinkabi kuvumela ukuthi badliwe kanye nezinkomo futhi abaphoqeleli abanikazi ukuba bafune amadlelo ngamanye.
