Imfuyo

I-Kalmyk ukuzalwa kwezinkomo

I-Kalmyk zohlobo lwezinkomo namuhla zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihamba phambili zenyama yokuqondisa.

Lolu hlobo lwezinkomo lungcono kakhulu ekufuyeleni imfuyo ezindaweni ezinenkinga yezulu, kepha njengoba nje kulula ukunakekela ezindaweni eziphethe isimo sezulu esilinganiselwe.

Ihluke kakhulu kunenkomo enezimpande zaseYurophu, ngoba okhokho bayo yizinkomo zasendle.

Ukugcina nokuzala imfuyo efanayo ekhaya kuyimisebenzi elula futhi enenzuzo.

Ulwazi oluthe xaxa nolwazi olubalulekile ngalezi zinkomo ezimangalisayo lungatholakala kusibuyekezo sethu ngezansi.

Incazelo yokubeletha: ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu kubalimi

Isakhiwo sezinkomo zeKalmyk sibhekiswe ezinhlotsheni ezine zezilwane: Lower Lower, North Caucasian, eSiberia naseKazakhstan.

Izilwane zazo zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla zivame ukuhluka kwesisindo esibukhoma. Esikhathini sofuzo lwezinkomo ezichazwe kithi, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zizohlukaniswa: yenkomo yenkomo yokuphuza kanye nenkomo enomsoco.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenhlobo yokuvuthwa kwephuzile, izinkomo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zinesisindo esincane, kanye nesisindo esincane kakhulu. Zibonakala ngamathambo alula, isikhumba esincane.

Ukukhula komzimba wonke kuhamba ngokushesha, okubonisa ukuqala kwamathambo okwakhiwa ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, isivuno sokuhlatshwa kwezinhlobo zezinkomo zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile kungu-2-4% ophansi kunezilwane zenyama yokuqala yokuvuthwa kwe-Kalmyk.

Imisebenzi yokukhiqiza namuhla iyenziwa nge-Kalmyk, ihlose ekuthuthukiseni ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuhlala ngesisindo, ukuthuthukisa umthethosisekelo kanye nedatha yangaphandle. Ukwenza ngcono ukubeletha kusekelwe ekuzaleni okungafani.

Incazelo yangaphandle noma indlela yokuthola inkomo yaseKalmyk

Ingaphandle yabameleli bezinkomo zeKalmyk kuhle kakhulu. I-suit enkulu ibomvu, i-brown-motley, i-red-motley noma ibomvu, kaningi emaceleni amhlophe noma amamaki (ekhanda, emilenzeni, kaningi emzimbeni).

Lolu hlobo ibhekisela enyameni enkulu, kuvamile ukuba izinkomo zifinyelele ku-400-550 kilogram, kanti isisindo esilinganisweni senkunzi sinama-600 kuya ku-1100 kilogram.

Ukwakhiwa kwezinkomo inyama-ukusebenza, okuyinhloko izici zimi kanje:

  • umthethosisekelo oqinile womzimba, okwenza izilwane ziqinile;
  • ubude bomzimba obuyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza izinkomo zihamba phambili;
  • uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zaseYurophu, izinkomo zaseKalmyk zinenhloko encane kakhulu, ene-hook-nosed, ehlangene ngaphambili. Isigaba sangaphambili sifushane, sidinga.
  • Ingemuva, ubunzima kanye nezinkalo zabameleli abakhulu bezinhlanga zibanzi futhi ngisho,
  • imilenze iqinile, ibeke kahle, ngaphandle kokubunzima ukudlulisela isisindo sesilwane;
  • intamo inomzimba, ilukhuni, kodwa imfushane kakhulu - kubonakala sengathi ikhanda lidlulela ngokushesha emahlombe;
  • Izinkomo ze-Kalmyk zine-ridge encipital encane, edala umqondo wempuphu;
  • Izimpondo ezide kakhulu ziqondiswe phezulu nangaphakathi;
  • isifuba sikhulu futhi sijulile, isidumbu se-dewlamp sithuthukile kahle;
  • yonke imisipha yalolu hlobo iyathuthuka kakhulu, eyenza ukubonakala kwezilwane kuzungeze;
  • umbele ulinganisani, ochazwa uhlobo lokudla lwenkomo;
  • i-skeleton, nakuba ikhanya, inamandla ngokwanele, yilokho idatha yesisindo yezilwane idinga;
  • ukwakheka jikelele kuvumelana, okufana nenkomo yenkomo.

Ukuze ufinyelele emdala, izilwane zikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu, okuyiqiniso kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho konke, isilwane esikhulu, sikhulisa ukukhiqiza inyama.

Ngokuyinhloko, ngokwesilinganiso izilinganiso zabantu abadala Imikhakha yamaKalmyk yilezi:

  • ukuphakama okubanzi kuphakathi kwama-125 no-130 amasentimitha;
  • ubude bomzimba obunamanzi kusukela ku-145 kuya ku-160 cm, kuye ngokuthi ubulili besilwane;
  • i-girth yesifuba yama-shoulder 186-188 centimeters;
  • ukujula kwesifuba 65-70 amasentimitha;

Uma ukudla okudliwa yizinkomo zaseKalmyk kuhle futhi kunomsoco, khona-ke imisipha yomzimba izanda ngokushesha

. Ukukhululeka kwemisipha engxenyeni yangemva komzimba wesilwane kuba kuhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sezulu esibanda, izinkomo ze-Kalmyk zigcwele uboya obunzima obuphansi, okuyinto yabo ye-thermostat eyinhloko.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinkomo zeKalmyk noma kungani zinganconywa kubafuyi bezinkomo?

Ukukhethwa kwemvelo okunzima, okwakhiwa yizimo zokuphila ezinzima, kugxile ekuthuthukiseni nasekuqiniseni izici ezinika izilwane ithuba elikhulu lokusinda.

Amathuba okusinda yizilwane ezivumelanisiwe, ezazisungule izindawo ezithile. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkomo zeKalmyk zinezici ezihlukile kanye nezakhiwo ezidumisa kakhulu ukubaluleka kwazo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinkomo.

Phakathi kwezici eziningi, okuyinhloko izinzuzo zohlobo kungabizwa okulandelayo:

  • Ukukhuthazela okukhulu kakhulu.

    Lezi zinkomo, ngaphandle kokulimala empilweni, zikwazi ukubekezelela kalula ukushisa kwama-frosty (kuze kufike ku-35-40 ° C), imimoya ebandayo, nokushisa kwehlobo ehlobo kuze kufike ku-45 ° C nangaphezulu, kanye nezinye izimo zezulu ezimbi.

    Ebusika, lolu hlobo lwezinkomo lukhula ngokushesha izinwele ezinzima, ezinezinhlobo eziningi ze-fluff.

    Lolu hlobo lwezinwele ezigcoke ngamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba luhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okunokwethenjelwa emimoyeni ebandayo nasehlobo ehlobo.

  • Okungahloniphi.

    I-Kalmyk izinkomo zezinkomo ezingenakuzithoba ngokuphelele ezimweni zokuzibophezela nokudla izici.

    Lezi zinkomo zilungiswa ukuze ziphile ngisho nasemadlelweni angaphandle, lapho isisekelo sokudla singaba yi-feather-fescue utshani kuphela, engafanele ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izilwane.

    Bayahamba ukufuna ukudla kusuka amakhilomitha angu-15 kuya kwangu-50, futhi futhi ukufuna ukudla ebusika kusukela ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwalolu hlobo kudingeke ukuthi kuvuleke kuphela, futhi phakathi nonyaka wonke.

  • Ukukhiqiza inyama enhle.

    Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izilwane zidla kuphela amadlelo hhayi njalo ngekhwalithi elihle, inyama yabo inambitha kahle.

    Ngokuyinhloko, kwaphawulwa ukuthi uma izilwane zondliwa ukuba zondle ngokudla, inyama yenkomo etholakala kubo ilahlekelwa izimfanelo zayo eziyingqayizivele.

  • Ubisi olunomsoco olunomsoco.

    Nakuba lolu hlobo luyi inyama, bahlanganyele izinkomo zabo zobisi ezibalulekile nazo.

    Yiqiniso, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, ubisi babo buphansi kakhulu, kodwa amaKalkyk aseBrithani adumile ngoba okuqukethwe kwamanoni ubisi babo kufinyelela ku-4.2-6.4%.

  • Ukuqoqa kalula nokukhiqiza kabusha okuphezulu.

    Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngamazinga aphezulu okuzala nokuzala.

    Izinkomo zingakhipha ingane enempilo iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Iphesenti elingenakuqhathaniswa lifinyelela ku-95.

    Ngisho nokuntuleka kokudla ebusika, nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esibalulekile, izinkomo zigcinwa kahle, futhi ezinkathini zentwasahlobo ngokushesha zilulame amafomu alahlekile.

  • Isistimu yokugaya kahle, ishintshwe ngokuphelele ekutshaleni utshani nokuvuthwa.

    Izilwane zalolu hlobo lwezinkomo zinesimiso esihle sokugaya, esivumela ukuba badle utshani obuningi nokudla okunamandla, okunamandla.

  • Ikhono lokubuyiselwa ekulahlekeni kwesisindo.

    Uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesisindo ebusika, izinkomo zalolu hlobo entwasahlobo, ngokubonakala kwamadlelo amahle, masinyane ubuyisele ifomu labo elahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaconsi amancane awalethi ukulimala empilweni.

  • Ukukhula okusheshayo, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo.

    I-Kalmyk imfuyo inesakhiwo esibalulekile sezomnotho - ukuvuthwa okungokwemvelo okuyingqayizivele.

    Ngenyanga eyizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, amathole ancikiwe angena ku-30-35% wezinkinga ezomile engxenyeni yenyama yesidumbu, amafutha angu-11-16% namaprotheyini angu-20-26%.

  • Ukusetshenziswa kwedlelo elihle - konke kudliwa.

    Ngisho noma zingamadlelo asehlane, izinkomo zizokwazi ukuthi zigcwalisa kanjani ukudla kwazo.

Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nezinkomo ezifuywayo zenkomo.

Izinkinga ezincane zezinkomo zeKalmyk

Ukusimama kokuzikhukhumeza komama okhukhumezekile phakathi kwezinkomo zaseKalmyk akukwazi ukuhlala kungabonakali. Ngokuvamile kaningi umama, eceleni kwethole uziphathe kabi, ngisho ngokuphathelene nomnikazi, akavumeli muntu kuye.

Izinga lokugcinwa kwethole likhulu kangangokuthi lesi sici namuhla kubhekwa njengengozi. Kulesi sici, izilwane azikaze zilahlekelwe izilwane zasendle.

Yiziphi izici zezinkomo ze-Kalmyk okufanele umfuyi ngamunye wemfuyo azi?

I-Kalmyk ukuzalwa kwezinkomo eziyingqayizivele ukuqoqa izakhi zomzimba emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi amafutha. Lesi sici siqala ngokucacile ukuzibonakalisa ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika, futhi le ndawo ayilahlekile ngisho nalapho amadlelo ebuthakathaka futhi izinkomo zigcinwa kuphela emadlelweni owomile.

Ama-deposit deposits ekuqaleni aqala ukwakha ngendlela yokuphuza ngaphansi kwesikhumba, khona-ke ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, ngaphakathi kwemisipha naphakathi kwabo.

Uma kunesidingo sokudla ebusika, amafutha afakiwe aqala ukusetshenziselwa ukulandelana okulandelanayo. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukuzaliswa kwezinkomo ze-Kalmyk kunezinkimbinkimbi zonyaka zokuphila kwesisindo namafutha.

Inkomo ebusika ingalahlekelwa ngamakhilogremu angu-30 kuya ku-70 wesisindo esibukhoma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphambi kokuphuma emadlelweni, kuzobukeka njengokudla okuphakathi. Uma ngaphambi kokudliwa kwasebusika kwakuhle, khona-ke inkomo izoba namafutha aphezulu kakhulu.

Ipheshana lokugaya lezi zilwane lithuthukiswe kakhulu futhi likuvumela ukuba udle inqwaba yamadlelo okudla namadlelo amaningi. Zonke izakhi ezitholakalayo zithathwa ngumzimba ngangokunokwenzeka.

Yini esiza izinkomo zeKalmyk ukukhuthazelela izimo zokushisa ezihlukile?

Siphinde sagcizelela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukukhuthazela okungavamile kohlobo. Kuyasiza futhi ukutshela okwengeziwe ngokungafani kwesikhumba sezinkomo zeKalmyk, okuyisisekelo saleso sici.

Ngaphezu kokuthi izinwele zabo zoboya zide kakhulu futhi zinezindawo zokuzivikela, libuye lihlanjululwe ngokufudumala okushisa.

Phakathi nezikhathi ezifudumele zonyaka, ngemuva kokuba i-molt iphela, umzimba ugozwe ngejazi elibushelelezi, elibomvu elibonisa imibala yelanga. Okunye okunye, ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele, kuvumela izilwane ukuba zichithe isikhathi esiphezulu emahlathini nasezintabeni zentaba. Ayikho enye inhlobo yezinkomo eziqhakazile ngalesi sici.

Ukushisa komzimba okuqinile - lokhu kungavamile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhono eliyigugu lomzimba liye lavusa isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi kwabafundisi abanobuchwepheshe.

Into esemqoka yikhono lokugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliqinile futhi ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, futhi ngaphansi kokuqhuma kwemimoya ebandayo, nasezindaweni ezinzima zasebusika. Ososayensi baye baqaphela ukushintshwa okuncane kuphela ngaphakathi kwezinga elincane.

Ukuzinza okunjalo kugcinwa unyaka wonke. Kulezi zilwane, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibanda, i-dermis iyancipha. Kubalulekile ukuphawula inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ze-sebaceous nezithuthuku esikhumbeni.

Izici ezizalisa izinkomo zaseKalmyk namuhla

Muva nje, uhlobo lwe-Kalmyk luye lwalusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zenyama yezinye izinkomo zezinyosi nezinkomo zobisi kanye nokuhamba kwezimboni.

Lolu hlobo luwumthombo omuhle kakhulu wezinto eziphilayo. Izivivinyo zibonise imiphumela emihle uma zithola izinkomo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuncelisa amafutha eKalmyk.

Njengamanje, ezindaweni ezomile kanye nasezindaweni ezisemgwaqeni zaseRussia, kunezinkomo ezingamaphesenti angama-90 ezinkomo zaseKalmyk. Ezimweni ezinjalo ezikhona, ayikho enye imfuyo yezinkomo ekuqondiseni inyama ekukhiqizeni, okungenza umncintiswano onempilo ezilwane zaseKalmyk.

Uhlobo lwaluthola ukuthandwa ngokukhethekile ekugcineni ikhaya, ngoba lufanele uhlobo olubanzi lokulima. Abafundisi abaningi bema kuphela amadlelo amakhulu ekuzaleni izinkomo zaseKalmyk.

Esikhathini esidlule, izinkabi zalolu hlobo lwezinkomo zazivame ukusetshenziswa njengabasebenzi, okuye kwenziwa nakakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zaseRussia. Namuhla, izinkabi zenani elikhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo eziphezulu zenyama yazo.

Izinkomba zokukhiqiza, noma zonke izimpikiswano, kungani kufanelekile ukuzalanisa lolu hlobo

Ukungazithobeki kwemfuyo ekudleni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamadlelo asebusika, kungabangela ukungabaza ngezibalo zokukhiqizwa kwezinkomo zeKalmyk. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingeki neze izindleko zokukhuliswa kwalezi zinkabi.

Ikakhulukazi kusukela izinkomba umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza namanje basesimweni esiphakeme:

  • I-Kalmyk ifuyo lezinkomo libhekene nokunwetshwa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sonyaka sasekwindla kanye nasekwindla, kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kwamafutha ngesikhathi sebusika nezinkathi zokushisa kwezindiza.

    Izilwane zingaziqhayisa. Isisindo esiphilayo senkomo singama-400 - 550 kilogram, izinkunzi - 600 - 1000 kilogram.

  • Ukukhula kwesikhathi esisheshayo kanye nokukwazi ukuzuza isisindo ngokushesha kuhlukanisa ngokwakho: ekuzalweni, ithole lilinganisa cishe ngo-22-25 kg, ngezimo ezinamafutha amaningi, inzuzo yansuku zonke ngesisindo esibukhombile sethole lohlobo lwe-Kalmyk luzoba cishe ngama-1300-1500 amagremu.

    Kuncike izindleko zingama-5.6-6.0 amayunithi okuphakelayo, izilwane zinikela ngo-kilogram eyodwa yenzuzo.

    Izinkomo zokuzala zifinyelela isisindo sika-450-550 kilogram uma uneminyaka engu-11/2, uma nje izinkunzi zitholwa, bese kuthi ama-380-420 kilogram.

  • Ukubamba izinkomo zalolu hlobo akugcwale amazinga aphakeme, okungeyona into emangalisayo yokudla inyama.

    Isilinganiso seminyaka yokukhiqiza ubisi yaminyaka yonke kusuka ku-650 kuya ku-1200 kilograms yobisi, kodwa okuqukethwe kwamanoni kulokhu ubisi kakhulu - 6.4%, kanti inani lamaprotheni - 4.8%.

    Inkomba enamafutha yenkomo yenyama imane iphezulu kakhulu.

    Uma izinkomo zigcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle futhi zinikeze ukudla okunomsoco, isisindo somkhiqizo wamabele wonyaka singakhuphuka sibe ngu-1500 kilograms zobisi.

  • Inyama inezinambitheka ezinhle, inomqondo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo kanye namandla.

    Inyama ihamba kahle-i-fibrous, kunalokho ithambile ngokubonakaliswa okuncane kokushayisana. Isidumbu sibomvu obomvu esinama-yellow streaks of fat.

  • Iphesenti yokukhiqiza umhlambi kanye nokugcina inhlanhla encane eKalmyk imfuyo inkulu kangangokuthi akukho mhlobo olinganayo.

    Kunamathole angu-89-95 ngamakhulu amahlanu, lezi zibalo zidlula kakhulu izilinganiso ezikhona zezinye izinhlobo zezinkomo. Izinkomo zeKalmyk zingaveza inzalo enempilo, enenzuzo iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.