Ngokuvamile izingulube zivuswa ukuze zikhiqize amafutha. Kodwa nokho, inyama yengulube ayinalutho olunomsoco futhi unambitha.
Ingulube isetshenziselwa ukupheka izitsha eziningi ezivela emhlabeni wonke, amaSulumane kuphela awadli. Ethandweni, liphikisana nenkukhu, kodwa lokhu okuncane kuncane kakhulu kunyosi yengulube.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni lanamuhla, lapho abaningi banenkinga yokukhuluphala ngokweqile, kunenzuzo enkulu ukukhulisa izingulube ngenyama.
Ngakho-ke, sizokwazisa ngalezo zinhlobo zezingulube ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu lomkhiqizo. Ungakhohlwa ukukujwayela ngezici zokuvela kohlobo ngalunye, ukusebenza kwalo nemithetho yokunakekelwa okudingekayo.
Uyini umehluko wezihlobo zenyama yengulube?
Ekuzaleni kwezingulube kunezikhombisi ezintathu eziyinhloko ekukhiqizeni lezi zilwane, ngokusho ukuthi yikuphi ukwahlukana kwamadwala kwenzeka.
Okokuqala kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zamafutha wezingulube.
Lezi zinhlobo zingase zihlukaniswe kalula ngisho nangaphandle kwangaphandle, ngoba zinomzimba ojulile futhi obanzi kakhulu. Ingxenye yabo yangaphambili ibukeka ilukhuni kunemuva, nakuba i-ham nayo ingcono kakhulu. Ngalolo gama lolo hlobo kucaca ukuthi unezinqolobane eziphakeme zezinhlayiya ze-adipose.
Iqiniso liwukuthi kakade sekuyingxenye yonyaka ukukhula kwama-muscle fibers esilwaneni kuyayeka kancane. Isidumbu sengulube esinjalo singaba namafutha angama-40-45% kusukela kuwo wonke umzimba wesidumbu, kanti inyama kuyo izoba ngaphansi kwama-53%.
Uhlobo oluhlukile luhlanganisa izinhlobo zomhlaba zezingulube, noma inyama.
Izingulube ezinjalo zisencane zingaveza inyama enhle kakhulu. Inyama yengulube isheshe isithole isisindo esibukhoma, futhi abantu abadala ngaphandle kwezinkinga baqoqa amanxeba amaningi amanoni. Ngakho-ke, inani lenyama yesidumbu esisodwa lingaba ngu-53 kuya kuma-65%, futhi amafutha - kusuka ku-29 kuya kuma-37%.
Futhi ekugcineni, lezo zingulube, mayelana nezinhlobo esifuna ukuzitshela - inyama noma ubhekeni.
Ngaphandle, izingulube ezinjalo ngokuvamile zinomzimba omude futhi hhayi ikakhulukazi i-sternum ejulile. Ngokuphambene nemikhuba ehlukumezayo, ingxenye engaphambili yayo ibincanyana kakhulu kunemuva, emelelwa yinhlanzi enkulu.
Izilinganiso zokulinganisa zomzimba wonke wabantu abanjalo ngokuvamile zibonisa izinkomba ezinkulu kunezilinganiso zesifuba. Omunye umehluko ovela ezingulubeni ezinomkhuhlane wukuthi uhlobo lwe-bacon luyakwazi ukuthuthukisa izicubu ze-muscle kakhulu, kuyilapho amanoni efakwa kancane kancane.
Abancane izingulube izinhlobo ezinjalo sikhule ngokushesha futhi kakade uneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa, izinkomba zesisindo sabo esibukhoma singafinyelela ngamakhilogremu angu-100 (uma ulandela yonke imithetho yokudla). Ngokwezihlobo, isidumbu esisodwa singaba nama-58-67% enyama, kuyilapho amanoni kuwo ehlala kuphela ngo-21-32%.
Cabanga ngabameleli abavelele kunazo zonke izinhlobo zenyama yengulube.
I-bacon yengulube izala uDuroc: yazi zonke izici
Ukuvela kwabameleli bezinkomo zengulube Duroc
Lolu hlobo lukhulu ngobukhulu. Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala abadala be-biennial bangafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.8, ohlwanyela amancane kancane.
Ngezici ezijwayelekile zezinkomo zenyama yengulube, sitshele ukuthi banezici eziningi ezithandwayo, kodwa, kulokhu, akuwona wonke.
I-Carcass izingulube duroc kakhulu kakhulu futhi ububanzi, ngokuma kwe-back back back. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhanda liyingcosana kakhulu, nezindlebe ezibukhali ezigxila noma ezilenga phambili.
Lezi zingulube ziyasebenza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esemncane. Lokhu kunikelwe kakhulu yimilenze yabo enamandla kakhulu futhi ehlala njalo, ephakamisa isidumbu esiphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilwane siyifinyelela kangakanani, isisu esisemhlabathini ngeke sikhuphe.
Ngaphandle, lolu hlobo lungabuye lwahlukaniswa nombala wesikhumba. Kungenzeka kube nezimvu ezihlukahlukene ezibomvu: kunezingulube futhi zikhanyayo zegolide futhi zibomvu, empeleni zibomvu. Ama-bristles aphakathi ubude obuphakathi, umbala ufana nesikhumba sesilwane.
Yiqiniso, izingulube zisebenza kancane kakhulu, njengoba ziqala ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umuntu omdala angakwazi ngisho nokukala ngamakhilogremu angu-250. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu obukhulu bamafutha bungaba ngamamentimitha amathathu kuphela.
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ngisho nangabezingulube ze-bacon, lokhu kuyinkomba ephansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu inani lempilo kwisidumbu sikaDurok singaba ngu-80%.
Ukukhiqiza kwezingulube ze-Duroc kakhulu futhi kanjani ukwandisa
Ngaphansi kokukhiqizwa kwezingulube, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imikhiqizo yeyama namafutha ingatholakala kanjani kwisidumbu esisodwa, ngezindleko zomnotho ezincane. Sishilo ngenhla ukuthi lolu hlobo luyakwazi ukukhiqiza kuze kufike ku-80% yenyama enesidumbu esisodwa, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngokudla okunomnqopho wokudla.
Ikakhulukazi, ukuze uthole imiphumela enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza izilwane ukudla okuningi kwamaprotheni. Kodwa ungadumali emahhabeni e-Duroc, ngoba ngokudla kahle uzomangala kanjani izingulube zizothola ngokushesha usayizi nesisindo.
Okusho ukuthi, izinyanga ezimbalwa zokudla okunamandla - futhi uzoba okungenani ama-kilogram ayi-100 enyama encane enhle. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, inqubo yokuthola isisindo somzimba cishe ayigodli, uma ungazicabangi izinhlanzi.
Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi izimo zokuboshwa zibonakala kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwezingulube. Sikhuluma ngesikhala esanele sokuphila kwezilwane, izimpophoma zokugcoba nokuhlanza, ukufudumala kwazo ngesikhathi sokubandayo kanye nokungabikho komsindo ongathandeki kanye nokucasula.
Ngakho-ke, ngokudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zezingulube zeDuroc, kokubili ngokwezindlu nezokudla, abalimi baseMelika bakwazi ukukhulisa abantu abangu-400 kilogremu, iphesenti yesilinganiso samanoni nama-fatty tissue okuyi-6: 1.
Ngamafuphi mayelana nezinzuzo eziyinhloko kanye nokungalungile kohlobo
Okubaluleke nakakhulu kufanelekile Lokhu kuzalwa kwezilwane kufanele kuhlanganise:
- Ikhono lokukhula ngokushesha futhi lithole isisindo esibukhoma.
- Ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuboshwa, ngisho nokuhamba njalo emapeni.
- Ikhono lokuthola inqwaba yenyama inambitha kahle.
- Ukuntuleka okuphelele okuphelele kwamafutha angaphansi kwamanzi.
- Isimo sokuzola kwesilwane: abalume noma abanikazi noma omunye nomunye futhi abonise ukuhlukunyezwa kubantwana babo.
Ngeke sikukhohlise ukuthi izingulube ze-Duroc ziyisimo esihle nje sezingulube zezinhlobo ze-bacon. Noma kunjalo, lezi zingulube zinayo yazo ukwehluleka:
- Ngesinye isikhathi, umhlwanyelo uyakwazi ukukhiqiza inombolo encane yezingulube, inombolo enkulu ingaba ngu-10. Nokho, lokhu kunenzuzo, ngoba inamba encane yenzalo ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokusinda.
- Izilwane zalesi sizwe zithinteka kakhulu ezifweni zendlela yokuphefumula.
- Izinga lokuthola isisindo, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu zomzimba, kuxhomeke ekutheni inani kanye nekhwalithi yamaprotheni ehlinzekwa izingulube.
Ukunakekela kahle izingulube ze-Duroc
- Lezi zilwane azikho emthethweni kokuqukethwe; okuqukethwe okuphakathi kweziganga ezivulekile phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele ezinhlanu kuya ku-5 kuyafaneleka kakhulu kubo.
- Ukudla kudinga ukulinganisela, ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni. Isikhathi sokudla ngesikhathi sasebusika kufanele sibe izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku, ehlobo - 2.
- Uhlobo luhambisana nezifo, ngakho-ke akufanele avumele ukukhululeka kokungcola nothuli, ukungabi nomoya omusha kanye nemidwebo yokuqoqa emgodini nasemapeni.
Zonke izici ze-bacon izingulube ze-Pietren
Yini ehlukanisa lolu hlobo lwezingulube ezingxenyeni zabo zangaphandle?
Lolu hlobo lukwazi ngisho nokuhlukaniswa nokuma komzimba, ngoba lufushane, kodwa kunalokho lukhulu. Futhi, naphezu kwamathambo amancane futhi alula, i-musculature ithuthukiswe kakhulu, i-ham nayo ikhulu kakhulu.
Ikhanda liyingcosana, likhanya, ngephrofayela eqondile. Izindlebe zePietrens ziyakha, ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bekhanda nazo zincane. Isifuba semfuyo sivulekile, kodwa asijulile.
Iminyango yabo iphinde ibe mkhulu, imisipha kakhulu. I-Boca ephelele, futhi ikhombisa inqwaba yezinyama, hhayi izicubu ezinamafutha.
Umbala wesikhumba wohlobo oluchazwe wezingulube ungatholakala kokubili ezimhlophe futhi ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi izihlwanyela ezibonakalayo zisezintambo ezifanele kakhulu zezakhi zofuzo zokukhiqiza izimfanelo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngesikhathi kuzaliswa ama-Pietrens, kunconywa ukuvumela ukuhlwanyela okumhlophe ukuhlwanyela.
Isici esiyinhloko kanye nenzuzo yalesi sizwe ukuthi i-Pietren yengulube ilungile hhayi izakhi zofuzo ezithintekayo ekuqoqeni izicubu ezinamafutha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lolu hlobo lubonakala ngemingcele ebalulekile:
- Isisindo samadoda amadala angasuka ku-240 kuya ku-260 kilogram, futhi uhlwanyela - kusuka ku-220 kuya ku-240.
- Ubude bomzimba bufushane, kanti inzuzo yansukuzonke yilezi kuphela amagremu angu-700-750.
Ukukhiqizwa kohlobo noma yiziphi izilwane zenyama ezingatholakala ngokuzalana kwazo?
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi inzuzo noma ayizuzi kanjani ukusho ukuzalisa izingulube zohlobo olunikeziwe emndenini. Konke kuzoxhomekeka ukuthi ungahlinzeka yini ukudla okudingekayo izilwane kanye nezimo ezidingekayo zezilwane.
Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukuhlwanyela kohlobo lwePietrain kune-farrowing encane - kuphela kuma-piglets angu-8 kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, owodwa uhlwanyela wedwa uyakwazi ukondla izingulube ezingu-6 kuphela.
Futhi nakuba isizukulwane esincane sinokusebenza okuphezulu kakhuluzikhula kancane. Uma ufaka isicelo kubo, kuneminyaka engama-210-240 kuphela, izingulube zizokwazi ukuthola amakhilogremu angu-100. Kodwa nokho, izindleko ze-kilogram 1 yokukhula ayikho kakhulu - amayunithi okuphakelayo we-4.5-5.
Ngenxa yokunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokudla okunomsoco, inani lezinyama emzimbeni owodwa lifinyelela ku-62%, kanti inani lamathambo amakhulu lilingana no-28% kuphela. I-gammon yomuntu omdala kuphela engalinganisa cishe 8-9 kilogram.
Ngabe kunjani ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kwezingulube zikaPetroc?
Inzima enkulu ekugcineni lokhu kuvela kuvela ezindabeni zokunakekelwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi lezi zilwane azibekezelele kahle ukungena kwemithwalo - azifani namakhaza noma ukushisa. Ekulweni okujwayelekile, lezi zingulube ngeke zinikeze umphumela oyifunayo, ngakho-ke zidinga ukunikezwa ukudla hhayi nje kuphela okunomsoco, kodwa futhi zilinganisela ngokuphathelene nezici ezilandelanayo kanye nezinye izakhi. Ukucindezeleka kunomphumela omubi kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokuzalana kwezinyoni zeginea.
I-Hampshire inyama yenyama yezinkomo: kwimingcele nokukhiqiza
Yini ehlukile nokuthi yini ekhethekile mayelana nohlobo?
Lolu hlobo lubonakala kakhulu kunayo yonke ngombala wesikhumba sesikhumba salezi zilwane: kuba mnyama, kodwa ngempela kunamaqembu amhlophe ajwayelekile azungeza umzimba emkhakheni wezintambo zamapulangwe nama-forelegs.
Isici esikhethekile sohlobo luyisici salo ikhanda elikhanyayo elinomlenze oqondile amancane amancane.
Izindlebe nazo zincane, ziqondile. Umzimba wohlobo oluchazwayo lwezingulube lubekwe eceleni, ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokwanele futhi okuqinile. Imilenze yezilwane ayikho isikhathi eside kakhulu, kodwa iqinile, izinhlanzi ziqondile.
Izingulube ze-Hampshire ziveza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ziwela nezinye izinhlobo futhi zakha izingulube ezintsha zenyama.
Ngokunqamula okuhlanzekile, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu akuveli, noma kunjalo, phakathi kwemingcele esemqoka yabantu ngabanye balolu hlobo, okulandelayo kufanele kuqashelwe:
- Izilwane ngokuvamile ziba nobukhulu obuphakathi, nakuba ziqhathaniswa nezinhlanga ezichazwe ngenhla ziphakeme. Amathumba angafinyelela isisindo esiphezulu se-310 kilograms, kanye nokuhlwanyela - ngo-250.
- Nakuba isizukulwane esincane sezinhlanga zaseHalshire sibonisa ukuthi sinamandla kakhulu, kuze kube yilapho sifinyelela eneminyaka eyi-8 sibonisa ukukhula kancane kancane, nakuba kamuva baqala ukuzuza isisindo somzimba ngokushesha.
Yeka ukuthi kunenzuzo kangakanani ukuzala izingulube zaseHassshire: izingxabano eziyinhloko nezimpikiswano eziphikisayo
Iziphakamiso zokusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo emndenini ziyoba lokho lohlobo luyahambisana kakhulu. Kungagcinwa cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo, kunoma yikuphi, kuzokwazi ukunikeza imiphumela ephezulu (uma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ngokudla okudingekayo).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zingadliwa ngisho namadlelo. Njengezinhlobo zenyama, i-Hampshires inikeza cishe izidumbu zenyama yonke, enezingqimba ezincane kakhulu zezicubu ezinamafutha. Uma usebenzisa ukudla kwabo okusezingeni eliphezulu nokudla okulinganiselayo, ukwenyuka kwansuku zonke kungabuka ku-900 kuya ku-950 amagremu.
Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuqukethwe kohlobo oluchazwe kubangelwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zinamahloni kakhulu. Izimo ezicindezelayo ngokuvamile zingaholela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo, ukwehla kokukhula.
Futhi, ohlwanyela izingulube zaseHalimshire abhekwa ngokuzala okuvamile. Ngokuvamile kwelinye ilitha alikho izingulube ezingaphezu kuka-8, kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile ukuthi lesi sibalo singakwazi ukufinyelela inani labantu abangu-10-12.
Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, kuhlwanyela ukuzibonakalisa ngokwengxenye yendima yabomama abakhathalelayo, abakwazi ukuphuma nokudla kahle noma iyiphi inzalo yenzalo.
Sinikeza izilwane ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwalesi sizwe ukuthi ukuthi banzima kakhulu. Ngisho nokuqukethwe kwabo emapulazini avulekile ungesabi ukuthi isilwane singagula.
Imihlahlandlela ayinandaba nabo. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhohlwe ukuhlanzeka kanye nezinye izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka, ngoba ukungcola kunoma yiluphi uhlobo kuyoba umthombo oqondile wezifo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezingulube zenyama ezifanele ukunaka
I-pigs Landrace: izici ezijwayelekile
Okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okukhiqizayo nakho kuwuhlobo lwezingulube zohlobo lwe-bacon Landrace.
Lapho umuntu esemdala, i-boar ingafinyelela kalula ku-310 kilogram.
Izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemifucuza eminingi - cishe izingulube ezingu-12.
Ukuzuza kwesisindo ngosuku kungaba cishe amagremu angu-700, kanti izindleko nge-1 kg yesisindo sitholakala kuphela ngamayunithi angu-3.9-4 kuphela okuphakelayo.
Ngaphandle, lezi zingulube zinombala obala.
Lolu hlobo luyolunye lwezinto ezivame kakhulu phakathi kohlobo lwenyama.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zohlobo lwezinkukhu zaseTamworth
Izingulube zohlobo lwaseTamworth nazo ziphawulekayo.
Njengazo zonke izingulube ze-bacon, zinezici eziqinile zomzimba nemisipha ethuthukile kahle. Ubude bomzimba wonke womuntu omdala buhlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-1.4 wamamitha.
Lena enye yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezingulube zenyama, futhi umbala ungahluka kusuka obomvu obumvu kuze kube mnyama obomvu, futhi ungabona abantu abanekhanda elimhlophe, elimbozwe amabala amnyama ngemuva.
Ezinyangeni ezingu-7-8, izingulube zingafinyelela kalula isisindo samakhilogremu angu-100.
