Amajikijolo amakhulu okuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi avuthiwe "Zilga" ujabulele impumelelo nama-winegrowers aseBaltic, eBelarusian, eNorway, eSweden naseCanada. I-hybrid iye yathola ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke ngenxa yobungqangi bayo, ukumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa nokulula ukulima. Izinzuzo, ukungalungi kanye nezici zokunakekelwa kwezihlukahlukene kuzoxoxwa kabanzi.
Umlando wokuzala
Ukubhalwa kwezihlukahlukene, okwama-half of the existence of it, kunqobe uthando lwabaqashi bomhlaba wonke, kungokomfuyi waseLatvia uPaul Sukanteks. Unezinhlobo ezingamakhulu eziyizinhlobo zomvini ezidumile. Ngakho-ke, lo mdlalo wavusa isithakazelo ngokushesha. Isekelwe empoveni womama wezinhlobo zaseRashiya ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. "Owesifazane onesikhumba esimnyama", "i-Anniversary Novgorod" ne-Latvian "Dvietess".
Usosayensi wazibeka umgomo wokuxazulula inkinga yabalimi bewayini ezivela ezindaweni lapho ubusika bubonakala khona ngobukhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umvini weZilgi uzizwa ukhululekile ngisho nangesithwathwa esingama-30-degree futhi kungekho indawo yokukhosela ephikisana nezinsuku ezibandayo ezingenamvula. Izinhlobonhlobo zithatha izimpande ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ezinye izinhlobo zemagilebhisi zingahlali phansi endaweni ephephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlukaniswe ngokugcwala okuhle kwamazinyo ezivuthiwe ngesikhathi behlala isikhathi eside ehlathini.
Uyazi? Amamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-80 zomhlaba kuwo wonke amazwekazi ahlala izivini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kuka-70% yazo zonke izimila ezihloswe ngazo zenzelwe ukunqoba, 27% - ukuqoqwa kwezithelo ezintsha kanye no-2% kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo zomvini omisiwe. Abakhiqizi abakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo zamagilebhisi baseSpain, eFrance nase-Italy.
Incazelo
Ukuze uthole umbono ojwayelekile wezinhlobonhlobo, incazelo emfushane yezithelo zomvini zeZilga ingaboniswa ngamagama amaningana: ezinkulu-fruited, ezivuthiwe zakuqala, ebusika ukusetshenziswa kwama-hybrid universal. Kodwa ukuthi umgadi wensimu yalolu lwazi, eqinisweni, ngeke akwanele. Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa ukutadisha izici zezinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe.
Bush
Lesi sitshalo siqala ngezimpande zawo noma sihlanganisiwe futhi sihlukaniswa amahlumela amade aphakeme kakhulu avela ku-85% eneminyaka eyodwa. Amabanga ngokuvamile afinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi, futhi ama-specimens aqokiwe aphezulu kakhulu. Ngamahlumela ama-hybrid isici saso sonke, ngokusikeka okuncane kancane kwamakhasi ama-lobed of usayizi omkhulu nesakhiwo esiqinile. Iqabunga ngalinye elihlangothini elingemuva liqhakaza kancane. Izinhlobonhlobo zinemithi ephakeme yokuzimela.
Amabhuzu
Ungakwazi ukujabulela izithelo ezinhle zalolu hlobo phakathi kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Amagilebhisi ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile emagumbini amakhulu amakhulu, ngalinye lilinganisa isigamu se kilogram. Ngokuvamile benza amaphiko engeziwe. Amaqoqo ahlanganiswe futhi ahlangene nawo ayenzeka, okuyinto evamile kakhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Kubalulekile! Uma egcekeni elincane indawo yesivini isinganiselwe, abalimi abanolwazi baneluleke ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela, ukuwayeka ezingeni lama-eyelet angu-8.
Ukuvuthwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuboniswa umthunzi omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuthintwa okubuthakathaka kwamajikijolo ama-oval.. Ziyakhunjulwa ngokuba ukunambitheka okumnandi ngama-muscatel wokukhanya kanye nephunga elimnandi. Ngokusho kwezimfanelo ezinambithekayo, "iZilga" kulinganiselwa ku-7 amaphuzu avela ku-10. Kungenzeka ukuthi izithelo ziqukethe ushukela ngo-20%, futhi i-asidi yabo ayidluli u-5 g / l.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlobo zezithelo zomvini ezifana ne "Nizina", "Valek", "Victor", amagilebhisi Burdak AV, "Lily of the Valley", "Ku-Memory of Negrul", "Libiya", "Talisman", "Valentine", " Romeo "," Victoria "," Sofia "," Halachi "," Furor "," Ukuguquguquka "," i-Baikonur "," Okungeziwe ".
Isici sesici sezinhlobonhlobo kungokwezinga elithile le-pulp jelly, ikhasi elimnyama kanye nezinhlamvu ezingu-2-3 ngaphakathi. Abesifazane besifazane basebenzisa amajikijolo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, okwenza amawayini ayenziwe ngokwenza, ama-jus and compotes. Abanye ekubuyekezweni bathi uma izithelo ezivuthiwe zingasusiwe emvinini isikhathi eside kakhulu, zizoqala kancane ukuphakama elangeni futhi zingase zifinyelele emazweni omisiwe.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwezimfanelo zobunikazi, umdali we-hybrid wayekwazi ukuhumusha empeleni wonke amaphupho abalimi ezindaweni eziphethe isimo sezulu esibi. Ngokunakekelwa kokuqala, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivumela ukuqoqa izithelo eziphezulu zezithelo eziphezulu futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuthi lesi sitshalo asihlali ebusika noma sizobhujiswa yizinambuzane nezifo eziphilayo, izinambuzane ezincane. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ekuchazeni izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi "Zilga" izici zayo eziyinhloko.
Uyazi? Ama-Ukrainians cishe ayidli amagilebhisi. Lesi siphetho senziwa ngabahlaziyi, behlaziya ukusetshenziswa konyaka kwezinhlobonhlobo zetafula. Kuvela ukuthi ezweni lethu zonke izakhamuzi azidli ngisho nekhilogram lamajikijolo ngonyaka, ngesilinganiso sama-kilogram ayi-10.
Ukuthela
Ngokwesilinganiso, amaqoqo angaphezu kwama-3 akhiwa ngokudubula okulodwa kwe "Zilgi". Futhi ngamunye cishe amajikijolo amahlanu. Ezimweni ezihle zokutshala izitshalo ezivela ehlathini, ungakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-12 kg wezitshalo.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
"Silga" ihlelwa izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala. Ama-Botanists anquma isikhathi esanele sokuthela izithelo ezinsukwini ezingu-120, futhi abathengi bathi ezimweni zasezulu ezivuthiwe amajikijolo avuthiwe avela emva kwezinsuku eziyi-100. Ngokuyinhloko, iphethini elifanayo liyabonakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho isimo sezulu sikhulu.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokujwayelana namagilebhisi wezobuchwepheshe, okuqala kanye netafula
Ubusika obunzima
Ukukhuthazela ngokwemvelo kwezilwane ezibandayo kwakuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wokuzalanisa "iZilgi". Futhi umphumela owatholakali ungabhekwa ngokufanele ukuphumelela kwabalimi baseLatvia. Phela, umvini ongenawo indawo yokuhlala ungasebenzisa ubusika ngisho naseziqhingini ezingama-32 zeqhwa.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
U-Zilga akazweli ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo eziphilayo. Kodwa ezimweni zezihlobo ezimvula zasehlobo, lapho imvelo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwezifungulu ezihlukahlukene idalwe, ingathinteka ngokubola okumpunga, isikhutha, kanye ne-oidium ejwayelekile kuwo wonke izinhlobo zemagilebhisi. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe batusa kabili inkathi ukwenza isiphofu sokuvimbela noma yikuphi ukubulala ("Fundazol", "Maxim") noma nesisombululo esisodwa sephesenti se-Bordeaux ingxube.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala amagilebhisi njengomanyolo esimweni se-coma, ungasebenzisi umquba omusha wezingulube noma uvuthwe kabusha kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinkomo. Njengomthetho, uqukethe izibungu eziningi zezibhungane eziyingozi, okuzokwazi ukuqala ukudla emagilebhisi.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezicasula kakhulu abanikazi bezivini ziyizinyosi. Ngokushesha nje lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, ngokushesha zihlakulela yonke indawo ibe yiphunga elimnandi. Kamuva, amaqoqo alahlekelwa ukubukeka kwawo okubonakalayo. Futhi amajikijolo asheshe ahlasele. Ukuze ulondoloze isivuno kusuka kumazinyo amnandi aqoshiwe, abanikazi abanolwazi bayeluleka kokuqala ukususa izidleke ze-wasp egcekeni. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ebusuku lapho izinambuzane zilele. Kungcono ukubagodle ebhakedeni ngamanzi abilayo noma esikhwameni esinama-insecticide enziwe kakhulu ("Aktara", "Bi - 58 New", "Aktellik") uboya bekotini. Uma ngenxa yokuphatha okunjalo awunazo isibindi esanele noma ngenxa yesizathu esithile awukwazi ukufeza izinhlelo zakho, uvikele amaqoqo amagilebhisi ngezikhwama ezikhethekile zemishini. Njengoba ukulwa nama-sawp ngokuvamile kuvame ukuletha umphumela oyifunayo, ukuphepha, zenze izicupho ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ngamabhodlela epulasitiki eduze komvini.
Siphinde sikululeke ukuthi uzijwayele ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-flail bese uphazamisa amagilebhisi.
Ukutshala nokukhethwa kwezithombo
Ochwepheshe babiza isikhathi esihle sokuqothula umvinilapho isimo sezulu sizinzile futhi umhlabathi uphazamisa ngokwanele. Kodwa ukulungiswa kokutshala kudingeka kwenziwe ekwindla.
Kubalulekile! Kule hybrid ithuthukiswe kahle, shiya kuze kufike emahlathini angu-30 esihlahleni.
Sekuyiminyaka eyishumi yesibili kaSeptemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, udinga ukunquma ngesayithi lokutshala izihlahla esikhathini esizayo futhi ulungiselele umhlaba. Okufanelekile ku-"Zilgi", indawo evikelekile emaphethelweni afanelekile lapho umoya ongasenyakatho ungaboni khona, futhi amanzi awaqoqi ngesikhathi sezintanjeni nemvula.
Ngemuva kokumba indawo ekhethiwe yenza umgodi ububanzi bomitha ububanzi nobubanzi. Ukumboza phansi ngezansi ngendwangu yamanzi, bese ufihla uhhafu ngenhlabathi evundile izakhi. Ngokuvamile, abalimi basebenzisa umquba, umquba wezinkukhu noma umquba wehhashi kanye nenqamu ephezulu yomhlaba ngale njongo. Zonke izingxenye zixubene ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Engeza i-superphosphate e-granular. Abakwa-Agrochemists bacebisa ukuba bahlanganise wonke umquba njengento ebaluleke kakhulu bese behambisa umhlabathi. Umgodi ugcwele phezulu, ombozwe ngombala omnyama wepulasitiki bese ushiya kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthola inhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlela ukutshala. Kwenze kangcono ezindaweni ezikhethekile nezindawo zokulima. Khumbula ukuthi ikhwalithi yezinto zokutshala inquma ukutholakala nokutholakala kwamahlathi eminyakeni emihlanu elandelayo, ngakho uma ukhetha, qaphela kakhulu. Hlola kahle uhlelo lwempande neziqu. Kufanele babe nombuso ofanayo, ngaphandle kwemibhobho, ukuqhuma kanye neminye imonakalo yomshini.
Uyazi? Izithelo zamagilebhisi aqukethe izinto eziyi-150 ezisebenzayo kanye namaphilithamini abalulekile angaphezu kweyishumi nambili anokwesikhalori esingama-65 kcal.
Izimpande zensimu yekhwalithi kufanele zibe bushelelezi futhi zihlanzeke. Qinisekisa ukuthi akuzona izindawo ezifakiwe, ezomile noma ezinamakhaza. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayelulekwa ukuba baqale kancane iphuzu lenqubo yezimpande. Izinkuni ezintsha ezitholakala endaweni yesilonda kubonisa ukuhluma kwesithombo.
Kusukela kuluhlu oluhlongozwayo lwezithombo zamagilebhisi, zithande kakhulu kunamandla kakhulu futhi athuthukile. Uma ufuna ukuthenga i-graft, khetha amakhophi nge-rhizome yemitha engama-half nomvini. Kumele okungenani kube nokudubula okungamamitha ayishumi emithonjeni yezimpande.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhluma udinga ukubeka isithombo kumgodla wamanzi Uma ufisa, ungakwazi ukwengeza noma yikuphi ukukhula okukhuthazayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimpande kumele ziphathwe ngosaka lobumba oluzobasindisa ekumeni.
Uma etshalwe emgodini olungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla, zisusa ungqimba oludingekayo lomhlaba ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zikhululekile. Khona-ke ukujula kuniselwa kuze kube yilapho umhlabathi uphela ukunwa umswakama. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabeka insimu emgodini, uqondise izimpande zawo bese uyimboza nge-substrate. Ungakhohlwa ukusiphazamisa ngokucophelela ukugcwalisa i-voids eyenziwe ohlelweni lwempande. Qinisekisa ukuthi abantu ababili abaphakanyiswayo bakhuliswa ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba. Uma sikhuluma ngesihlahla esihlanganisiwe, indawo yokugoma kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha amathathu aphezulu kunomhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala izivini ezinkulu, gcina ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-1.5-2.Emva kokutshala, i-hybrid idinga ukuphuziswa futhi ihlanganiswe kanye nama-humus noma i-peat eduze kwemibuthano ye-trunk. I-mulch izovimbela ukukhuphuka komswakama kanye nokuvela kokhula.
Izici zokunakekelwa
"I-Zilga" isungulwe ngokwayo njengezihlukumezi ezingabonakali futhi ezibukwayo zamagilebhisi. Ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele nokuchichima izidakamizwa kudinga umswakama olinganiselayo, ukondla okwesikhashana kanye nokusika izikhono. Sizoqonda konke ngokuhlelekile.
Uyazi? Igama lezinhlobonhlobo elithi "Zilga" ekuhunyushweni oluvela kolulwimi lwaseLatvia lisho "okwesibhakabhaka".
Ukunisela
I-hybrid izophendula kahle emhlabathini onomthoba onomdlandla, kodwa iyoduma futhi ifinyelele emanzini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphuza isitshalo ngokuqondene namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukufudumala okukhulu nokuhlelekile kudinga izihlahla ezincane emva kokutshala, kanye nesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho i-ovary iqala ukwakha emvinini, kunconywa ukuthi ukuchelela kumiswe futhi kuvuselelwe kuphela ngokudingekile uma kwenzeka isikhathi eside, kushisa. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukwenza umgodi ongajulile we-surplus yamanzi azungeze udonga.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuze i-hybrid ithwale izithelo njalo ngonyaka, umgadi wensimu kumele enze umzamo. Zihlanganisa ekudleni nasekuqaliseni umhlaba we-acidic. Kodwa kunomkhawulo owodwa kuphela wezinto eziphilayo noma zamaminerali akuthandeki kakhulu. Ngempela, kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa, isihlahla sidinga izingxenye ezithile.
Ukufaka umanyolo ongafundiwe kuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa komvini, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi nini futhi nini ukwenza isihlahla. Ngokwesibonelo, entwasahlobo, uma ukwanda okukhulayo ku-biomass kuqala, isitshalo sidinga i-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ngalesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa ukusebenzisa i-urea, i-ammonium nitrate noma isisombululo kusuka ekungeneni kwamanyolo. Esikhathini senkambiso yezimbali kudinga izinto ze-phosphoric. Ngakho-ke, superphosphates Kunconywa for umquba. Futhi ukuqinisa umvini kanye cuttings amagilebhisi amabhulashi zidinga potassium. Kungcono ukukwenza ekwindla, njengethusi, elichaphazela izimfanelo ezingenqamuki zesitshalo. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubeka isivuno esilandelayo, i-zinc ngeke iphazamise, okuthinta inani lamajikijolo. Kodwa ngenxa yobumnandi babo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-ovary, kuzodingeka ukuthi ukondle i-shrub ngesisombululo se-boric acid.
Kubalulekile! Amagilebhisi adinga izigqoko ezingu-3-4: entwasahlobo, emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokusila, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwezithelo emva kokususwa emvinini.
Ukudubula
Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile. Futhi udinga ukuqala ezinhlathini ezineminyaka emibili. Ku-"Silga" bajwayele ukusika ama-fan, okubandakanya amahlumela ama-2-3 aqinile futhi ukususwa kwezitho zabo ezingenhla ezingeni lama-8.
Njengamanye amagilebhisi avuthiwe ekuqaleni, le hybrid unikeza amahlumela amaningi. Kumele zisuswe, ngaphandle kwalokho umvini ngeke ube nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, futhi ebusika kungabhubhisa isihlahla. Abalimi abaningi be-novice bakhononda, bethi iningi lesitshalo kufanele lisuswe. Abanye baze bacabange ukuthi emva kokunconywa kokukhipha izihlahla kuyodingeka kubuyiselwe. Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe bathi ukusika izihlahla ngeke kulimaze amagilebhisi, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyoba kuhle kuwo. Cabanga ngesisindo samaqoqo esizayo futhi ungadluli isihlahla.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Kulezi zibuyekezo mayelana nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze "Zilga" balimi bavame ukukhuluma ngezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- ukukhuthazela ezimweni ezimbi zezulu;
- izinga elihle lokuqothula izithombo kanye nokujwayela okusheshayo endaweni entsha;
- ukunakekelwa okungazenzisi;
- kungenzeka ukulima ngendlela engavunyelwe;
- ukuvumela okukhulu;
- izinto eziphezulu kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo;
- ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo;
- universal ekusetshenzisweni kwezithelo.
"I-Zilga" ayifuni nje kuphela izici ezinqanda ukumelana namaqhwa ukukhiqiza okuvuthiwe kwamahlumela. Uma ungawususi amagatsha okuncintisana, abuthakathaka futhi adingekile, lesi sitshalo sizozibulala kalula ngaphansi kwesisindo samaqoqo.
