Umkhuba wokuthi phakathi kwabafundi bethu akekho umuntu oyedwa othanda amagilebhisi, ncamashi.
Phela, amagilebhisi awagcini nje kuphela esihlwabusayo, kepha awusizo kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ngamunye wethu amaphupho ekukhuleni lesi sitshalo eduze nendlu yethu noma indlu yasehlobo.
Phela, lesi sitshalo akuyona nje umthombo wezithelo ezihlwabusayo, kodwa futhi ukuhlobisa okuhle kunazo zonke egcekeni nasadini.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuna amagilebhisi akulula kakhulu, ngakho-ke indlela elula yokuthatha imithi engaxubeki hhayi izinhlobonhlobo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sifuna ukunikezela i-athikili kumagilebhisi hhayi kuphela ngezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu nezithelo, kodwa futhi akuyona into ekhethekile yokunakekela.
Kuyoba mayelana "ezihlukahlukene" ezihlukahlukene, ezaziwa kabanzi e-Ukraine naseRussia.
Iyini ukuqala kwalolu hlobo oluhle lwamagilebhisi?
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zazalwa ngokusebenzisa imizamo yabalimi abavela e-Ukraine. Ngenxa yokuwela kwamafomu omzali njengeDamaseku Rose neDatier de Saint-Valle amagilebhisi, ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi amasha kunomphumela wokukhangisa kwezithelo kanye nokuzinza okuhle. Inhloso eyinhloko yamagilebhisi okuqala iyithebula, ngoba uma i-fresh, amajikijolo ayo anomunandi othakazelisayo ongavamile futhi asuke esuka etafuleni.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ziye zatholakala kabanzi, kodwa eningizimu yeBelarus, ukuvuna kungenzeka kuphela uma ukhula isihlahla endaweni yokushisa kwamafilimu.
Izinhlamvu zamagilebhisi "Okokuqala": uyini umehluko kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo?
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zimelelwa amaqoqo amakhulu anamajikijolo amahle kakhulu. Isisindo seqembu elilodwa lamagilebhisi elithi "Original" lingama-gramu angu-500. Kuye ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo, usayizi wabo unganciphisa noma ukhule ube yi-1.5 kilogram. Ukuma kwamaqoqo atholakala ngokuyinhloko; kuleso sakhiwo bahlukunyezwa noma bahlukunyezwa ngokwemvelo. Amajikijolo anesimo sangempela nesingavamile.
Iningi lazo liyi-ovate, kodwa limehlo le-ingono, elinomshini okhomba obala. Ngenxa yale fomu, izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukusetshenziselwa umhlobiso, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu - ngokwesilinganiso, 3x2.2 amasentimitha. Isisindo esijwayelekile sesibhamu esisodwa sinama-5-7 amagremu.
Ngokuqondene nokubonakala kwamagilebhisi okuqala, bahlukaniswa nombala omnyama ophuzi noma obomhlophe-pink ophethe i-tan eceleni. Isikhumba sesithelo sincane kakhulu, kodwa asiphazamisi ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi okuvumelanisa lawa majikijolo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhethekile okukhethekile kokunambitheka kwamagilebhisi alezi zinhlobonhlobo kunika okuqukethwe okuphezulu ushukela - cishe 20%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga le-asidi yabo li-5g / l kuphela.
Izici zokuvunwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene "Okokuqala" kanye nesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwayo
Ngenxa yesikhukhula esinamandla, Amagilebhisi Aqalayo akwazi ukujabulisa isivinini esilula ngokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu, nakuba kubhekwa njengendlela ejwayelekile ngokuqondene nezinhlobo eziphezulu ezinikezelayo. Ngokuyinhloko, umthwalo ophakeme esihlahleni esisodwa ungama-35-40 izimbobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuthwa kwamahlumela alo mvini kuphezulu kakhulu - 65-80% - futhi isisekelo somkhiqizo ongenakho.
Ehlathini elilodwa lesitshalo, isilinganiso sama-clusters angu-1.2-1.7 akhula, okuyi-coefficient yokukhiqiza yezinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokutshalwa kwe-amateur, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinamandla amakhulu kakhulu okukhula kwe-fruiting.
Ukuvuna amagilebhisi "Original" ungaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Inkathi ekhulayo iphela izinsuku ezingu-135-145 kuphela.esivumela ukuba sibheke ezinhlamvini zemagilebhisi ngesilinganiso sokuvuthwa kwesilinganiso sesitshalo.
Ngokususwa ngokukhipha amaqabunga ehlathini ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, amagilebhisi avuthanga hhayi kuphela kahle, kodwa ngokulinganayo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zamagilebhisi "Okokuqala": ngokufushane ngezici ezibaluleke kakhulu
• Ukubonakala kwamagilebhisi kanye nombala wamajikijolo kwenza izinhlobonhlobo zidayiswe kahle futhi zibonakale.
• Isihlahla samagilebhisi kulezi zinhlobonhlobo sibekezelela ukushisa okubusika okuphansi, ikakhulukazi, I-Budget yezithelo ayilimazanga -22ºС. Nokho, amagilebhisi asadinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika.
• Kuye kwanda ukuphikiswa kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ezifayilini ezingathinta izivini.
• I-cuttings igxume kahle. Ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yezithelo ingafinyelelwa ngokuwahlanganisa ngamaqoqo ezindala ngezinkuni eziningi.
• Isihlahla sinembali yobungqingili, evumela kuphela ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe esakhiweni.
• Ikhetho elihle lokukhula esakhiweni sangasese: ngisho nesihlahla esisodwa sikwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamagilebhisi ngomndeni owodwa.
Izinkinga zamagilebhisi "Okokuqala"
Naphezu kobuhle obuhle balezi zithelo zomvini, izithelo zawo azihambisani kahle. Naphezu kwekhono lokugcina ubuqotho, amajikijolo akhishwa kalula esiteshini, lapho eshukunyiswa, masinyane ashiye iqembu lehamba. Amajikijolo ngokwawo anenyama enamanzi, okungafanele wonke umuntu adle.
Inkathazo enkulu ingaletha inani elikhulu lezitshalo kanye nesitshalo sesibili, esakhiwa kuzo. Lesi sitshalo sithatha izakhi eziningi namandla esihlahla, okungasithinta kakhulu isivuno esikhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izingane zokutholwa zinconywa ukuba ziphume. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvunwa kwezinambuzane akusiyo njalo isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngenxa yenkathi yokukhula isikhathi eside, okuyisici salolu hlobo.
Futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi zezimbali zomvini wamagilebhisi, amajikijolo angadla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthengiswa kwezitshalo kunciphise kakhulu, kodwa nganoma iyiphi indlela cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthonya lokhu.
Amagilebhisi akhula "Okokuqala" esakhiweni: imiyalo nezincomo
Uma uqala ukutshala amagilebhisi okokuqala, khona-ke okungenani ukulungiswa kwemibono yale nqubo kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, usengozini yokubhubhisa nje ngisho nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi amagilebhisi akhethe indawo enhle yokukhula, lapho isihlahla sizovikeleka emakhazeni asebandleni, kodwa umoya owuzungeze ngeke uhlasele. Cabanga ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izici zale nqubo.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala amagilebhisi: izinsuku zokutshala
Amagilebhisi angokwalabo hlobo bezitshalo zezitshalo ezingatshalwa kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akusizi ukuphendula umbuzo, isikhathi esingakanani esifaneleka, ngoba ngamunye unenzuzo yakhe kanye nemigomo ethile yokufika.
Izinzuzo zokutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla yilokho ngokuvamile kulesi sikhathi umhlabathi uhambelana kahle nemvula enkulu ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, ngeke udinga ukunakekelwa okuningi, ngoba amagilebhisi azogcinwa kahle ngesikhathi sonke sasebusika, ngoba uzohlinzekwa umswakama obalulekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ncamashi Ekwindla, izikhungo ezikhethekile zathengisa inqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo, phakathi kwazo ongakhetha kuzo inempilo enhle kakhulu.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn kwenzeka phakathi no-Okthoba, kodwa kungabambezeleka ngoSepthemba noma ngoNovemba, kuye ngezimo zezulu zesifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo yamagilebhisi kungenxa yokuthi insimu inenkathi ekhulayo ezayo, lapho iguqulela kahle futhi iyoba namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekutshalweni kwentwasahlobo yezithombo eziluhlaza okwakusatshalaliswa kusukela ku-cuttings etshalwe ngoFebhuwari kungenzeka. Ngokuvamile, entwasahlobo ivame ukhethwa uma umuntu esaba ukuthi isitsha esitshalwe ekwindla sizofisa phakathi kwamaqhwa ebusika, okwakungagwetshwa kalula uma kuhlanganiswa ngokucophelela.
Indlela yokusakaza izithelo zomvini "Okokuqala": yiziphi izindlela zokutshala okungcono ukukhetha?
Ngokuvamile, amagilebhisi angasakazwa ngezindlela ezine:
• Ukutshala amagilebhisi wokugaya, okwakhuliwe kusuka ekuhlungeni, ngezimpande zawo.
• Inoculation of cutet grape cuttings esitokisini ngezinkuni ezihlala njalo.
• Izithombo ezikhulayo zembewu yamagilebhisi yezinhlobonhlobo ezifunayo.
• Ama-Offsets avela ehlathini elikhulu enenqwaba yamahlumela.
Ochwepheshe baveza lokho ikhwalithi engcono yezithelo zamagilebhisi "Original" ingatholakala kuphela ngokuxhunyelelwa kusitoreji esidala esingasetshenziswangubani oye wakwazi ukugcina isitoreji esiningi. Siyabonga kuye kanye nesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile kahle, isitshalo esithathile ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa sithola inani elikhulu lezakhi zomzimba futhi ikhono lokukhula ngokushesha futhi linamandla.
Uma kwenzeka ungenalo isitoko esinjalo, ukutshala amagilebhisi kuzimpande zakho kuyindlela enhle. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, esikuchazayo ngezansi, umvini onjalo unamandla okukhombisa imiphumela emihle. Izindlela ezimbili ezisele zomvini ezikhulayo nazo zisebenza kahle, kodwa, zithandwa kakhulu.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda mayelana namagilebhisi angaphakathi
Iyiphi indawo izithelo zomvini ezikhetha ukukhula?
Ayikho i-whims ethile yamagilebhisi, kodwa ezinye ubuthakathaka zesitshalo kufanele zicatshangelwe. Sesivele sisho ukuthi imidwebo ebanda kakhulu iyaphikisana naye. Ngakho-ke, indawo enhle yokutshala amagilebhisi kuyoba yindawo eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yendlu yakho noma esinye isakhiwo sendawo. Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo ngeke sivikelwe kuphela, kodwa sizothola inqwaba yelanga nokushisa.
Cishe noma iyiphi inhlabathi izokufanelana nezithelo zomvini, nakuba kungcono ukukhetha inhlabathi evundile futhi elula. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isayithi lakho linesihlabathi kuphela noma ubumba kuphela, kungenziwa ukwanda uma usebenza njalo emanzini amaningi ngonyaka ka-1-2.
Futhi, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okuyinto engathinta kakhulu isihlahla. Ukujula okunamandla kubo akusekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla, ukuze bangathathi umswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba kusuka komunye nomunye. Phakathi kwamahlathi akhula ngokuqinile emgqeni ofanayo, udinga ukubuyela ngaphansi kwamamitha angaphansi kwezingu-2, nakuba kahle - amamitha ayi-6. Uma amagilebhisi atshalwa eduze kwesakhiwo esingaphansi kwesakhiwo, kufanele uhambise cishe imitha elilodwa ukusuka kulo.
Ukuqoqa ama-cuttings we-graft wangempela esitokisini
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kuya empande kunzima kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukulungiselela ukusika okuhle nesitokisi. I-Cuttings inqunywa kusuka emahlumela omvini we-fruiting. Inombolo enhle yamehlo esibambini - 2-3. Ukulungiselela ama-cuttings kwenziwa ekwindla, lapho isihlahla sithatha isikhathi sokuzola. Uma ungenayo inoculate ekwindla, ungayigcina ngokuyigcwalisa ngesihlabathi futhi uyishiye ekamelweni lapho izinga lokushisa aliwi khona ngaphansi kwe-12ºС. Ukuze isiqu singagcina umswakama, kufanele sikhulume.
Ukuze uhlanganise ngokuqondile, ukusika kunqunywa phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umcibisholo kufanele wenziwe umcengezi, ushiye amahlombe amabili ezinhlangothini. Futhi, ukuze agxilile ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, ukusika kunconywa emanzini kanye nezixazululo zokuvuselela okukhethekile, njengokuthi "Humate".
Ukulungiswa kwesitoreji ukukhipha isihlahla esidala bese uhlanza indawo yokusika ukuze uhlaziye futhi uhlanzeke. Eqinisweni phakathi kwesitokisi ne-axhi encane nesando, kuhlukaniswa okungajulile. Yilapho ukusika kunikwa khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukujula phakathi kokuhlukaniswa okuyingxenye yalo, ukuze wonke amehlo ahlale ebusweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika kuncibilika ngokuqinile ngesikhumba, esithathwe ngendwangu eqinile.
Indawo yokugoma ifakwe ngobumba obumanzi.. Emva kwalokhu, isitokisi sinisela kakhulu, futhi inhlabathi ewuzungezayo ihlanganiswe ngendwangu. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokwesekwa kwekusasa lehlathi, okudingayo ukumba eduze kwesitoko.
Izici zokutshala izinhlobo zezithelo zamagilebhisi "Original"
Uma kwenzeka ungenalutho lokutshala amagilebhisi, kungcono ukuhamba ukuyothenga izithombo. Ungakwazi ukucacisa ikhwalithi yayo ngombala omhlophe wesistimu kanye nengxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-seedling ethengiwe ingatshala ngokushesha noma igcinwe kuze kufike entwasahlobo kuphela ngokuyihlaba emhlabathini futhi ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela. Ngaphambi nje kokufika, kufakwa emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa. Izimpande zingaphathwa nge-stimulator yokukhula, kanye nokusika.
Umgodi wamagilebhisi udinga ukulungiswa amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukujula kufanele kwenziwe kakhulu, okungenani ngamamitha angu-0.8, ukuze ubeke umquba omningi ngezansi. Njengoba izithombo ezimbili zokugcina ze-humus ezinhle nenhlabathi evundile, ezithathwe phezulu kwebhola lomhlaba, ziyasetshenziswa. Le nhlanganisela ukugcwalisa cishe yonke imgodi, ishiya isikhala kuphela sezinsizi zensimu.
Lapho utshala amagilebhisi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi intamo yempande yenzalo yakhe ayikho ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuyiphakamisa ekuphakameni okunjalo ukuthi ngisho nokucabangela ukuxhaswa kwenhlabathi, kwakungaphezu kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, ngokufanele ukuphonsa umshini wokugcoba emgodini, siyaqhubeka nokugxila kwakhe. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimazi izimpande. Ngesigamu sale nqubo, ungadlulisela ibhakede lamanzi emgodini ukuze unamathele inhlabathi futhi ungashiyi izikhala zomoya kuyo.
Ukugcwalisa ngokugcwele umgodi nge-sapling, kusadingeka kuthululwe ngamabhakede amabili amanzi futhi, njengokungathi uma uhlanganiswa, ukugubungela inhlabathi ezungeze isitsha.
Ukunakekela amagilebhisi "Okoqobo": sakha indawo enhle yokukhula kwefruiting
Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kahle kwehlathi kanye nokwakheka kwesitshalo, qiniseka ukuthi uyayinisela futhi uyondle. Ikakhulukazi, ukuchelela kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukufeza isikhathi ngaphambi kokuhluma kwesihlahla kanye nasekuqaleni kokusungulwa kwesitshalo esizayo. Amanzi akudingeki athululelwe ngqo ngaphansi kwe-shtamb. Kungcono ukwenza izinsiza eziningana nxazonke futhi wengeze wonke umswakama okudingekayo lapho.
Ngemuva kwaloko, ama-grooves angcwatshwe futhi agubungele ngendwangu, ukuze umswakama uhlale isikhathi eside emhlabathini. I-mulch engcono kakhulu yamagilebhisi i-sawdust emnyama noma ama-moss ehlathi.
Ukwandisa izivuno, isihlahla siyakudla njalo sitshale izihlahla. Ungondla izithelo zomvini ngamaminerali amaminerali, phakathi kwawo lapho i-potassium ne-phosphorus engcono kakhulu, kanye ne-organic. Kodwa ngama-fertilizer kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayithinti futhi ungabizi ngqo ezimpandeni (ungenza okufanayo ngendlela yokuphuza).
Ukusika izivini "Original" kunamandla kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi ususe amehlo angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 kudubula ngalinye elikhiqizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, qiniseka ukuthi usususa izingane zokutholwa futhi usule amacembe. Ngenxa yalokhu, isihlahla sizoba ngcono umoya, futhi isivuno singcono ukuvuthwa.
Kubalulekile ukufeza isitshalo sokuvimbela isitshalo samagilebhisi kulezi zifo ezivela ezifweni zefungal. Lezo zokwelapha zenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokunisela. Ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Antracol, iCopper Oxide noma i-Horus.
