I-Coniferous wood njalo imhlobiso yensiza engadini, ngoba ibonakala inhle futhi iyamangaza unyaka wonke.
I-pin, i-spruce, i-fir kanye ne-larch ibhekwa ngokumelene nezifo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezimbi, kodwa ngisho nalezi zitshalo ziyakuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.
Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngeHermes - enye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zezidumbu, ngoba abalimi abaningi abazi ngisho nokuba khona kweHermes, futhi abazi ukuthi kuyini.
Hermes - iyini le nkathazo?
I-Hermes (i-Adelgidae) - iqembu lezinambuzane ezinambuzane zama-conifers ezivela ku-oda eliphihliwe, ngokuvumelana ne-phylloxera ne-apha. I-Hermes inganikeza le ncazelo: izinambuzane ezincelisayo ezincane kuze kufike ku-2 mm ubude, obumnyama noma obumnyama obumbala, obunomzimba obomvu nezintuthwane ekhanda, kubukeka njenge-aphid. 
UHermese udla ijusi lamahlumela, amahlumela kanye nezinaliti, esiphuza emithini encane. I-susceptible kunazo zonke ekuhlaselweni kwaleli bhubhane i-spruce kanye ne-pin. Ubuhle beHermes buzokutshela indlela yokuthola inkathazo emthini: i-needles bend futhi iphendukile; ukuqhakaza okumhlophe noma ukufiphaza kubonakala kuyo ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kanye namafihlethi kanye namahlumela omnyaka odlule.
Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe akuyona into engaphezu kwesibindi esiphezulu esihlanganisa i-Hermes larva. Isitshalo esithintekile yi-parasite kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti sinama-galls aqinile emahlumela amancane afana ne-ananas, lapho izilinganiso zezinaliti zephayini ziphuma khona futhi ngezinye izikhathi ithaphu iphuma.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ukungcola kwe-spruce neHermes, kufanele itshalwe kude nendawo engaphansi kuka-600 m ukusuka ku-larch noma i-fir eliseduzane, ngaleyo ndlela isigaba sokufuduka sokukhiqiza sizobhujiswa.
Izici zomjikelezo wokuphila weHermes
Umjikelezo wokuphila weHermes kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi, equkethe izigaba eziningana; umjikelezo ungaba unyaka noma emibili ubude. Ubude bomjikelezo wokuphila buxhomeke kuhlobo lweHermes.
Futhi, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zidinga uhlobo olulodwa lomuthi noma ezimbili ngenxa yomsebenzi walo obalulekile, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, i-spruce ihlale isitshalo sokuqala. Umjikelezo wokuphila weHermes unesici - izizukulwane ze-asexual nezicansi zezinambuzane ezihlukile. 
Owesifazane ovuthiwe uHermese uyamfaka ngesihlahla sase-spruce noma i-pine ezinso; ngaphansi kwethonya laleli ketshezi, i-gall isakhiwe ehlathini, lapho owesifazane ebeka khona amaqanda ekwindla. Ama-gauls aqukethe amafutha ne-starch, i-herme larva izalwa kusukela eqandeni, edla okuqukethwe komthamo wenduku. Enkongeni ngayinye ingakwazi ukuthuthukisa izimpungushe ezingu-26, ngayinye ekamelweni layo.
Njengomthetho, amaqanda kuphela eHermes asinda ebusika, lapho izimpungushe zivutha khona entwasahlobo, bese ziqala abesifazane abangenawo amaphiko, abakwazi ukuzala ngamaqanda ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwesilisa. Ukukhiqiza okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi i-parthenogenetic.
Emaqanda asetshenziswe ngumsunguli wabasunguli entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izizukulwane eziningana ezinamaphiko ezinezakhi zohlobo lwe-porhenogenetic zivela. Laba bantu abanamaphiko bayakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezincane zokudla nokuzala. 
Ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, isizukulwane esingabhubhi samantombazane nesilisa sizalwa, ngenxa yokubambisana kwabo ngesihlahla sase-spruce, amaqanda ahlanganisiwe ahlelwe ebusika. Umsunguli uzovela kula maqanda abhalwe phansi entwasahlobo, futhi umjikelezo wokuphila nokukhiqiza uzophindaphinda futhi.
Izinhlobo zeHermes ezinjenge-spruce-fir ne-spruce-larch, zithola izizukulwane eziningana, ezigcwalisa umgomo wayo futhi, uma kudingeka, zihamba ngezindiza kwenye isitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela zishintsha umuthi wokudla, futhi ekugcineni zibuyele e-spruce, ngaleyo ndlela zigcwalise umjikelezo wokuphila . Ezinye izilwane zihlala futhi zizalwe ngaphakathi kwesitshalo esifanayo futhi ngokuvamile ziyizinambuzane ezingenamaphiko.
Uyazi? Izinhlobo zakuqala zeHermes ngoJuni zakha ama-galls amancane emaphethelweni emagatsheni, ngaseHermes sekwephuzile ngasekupheleni kwehlobo-ekwindla zakuqala zakha ama-galls amakhulu.
Hermes evamile
Ama-hermes aphuzi, i-spruce hermes ngasekugcineni, i-subcortical spruce hermes kanye ne-spruce-larch hermes ivame kakhulu.
I-Hermes Yellow. Isizukulwane esisodwa sezinambuzane sibonakala ngonyaka. Umsunguli wesifazane we-herme ophuzi uyasiphuza isiphuzi emasileni ku-axils we-shoot shorts, ngenxa yalokho kuhlanganiswa khona i-gallus elinganayo lengama-10-25 cm. Ubulu luhlaza futhi izikali zalo zinomngcele obomvu. Ukuphunyuka, lapho kuvela khona induku, kukhubazekile futhi akuyikuthuthukisa ngokugcwele. Ngemuva kokuba inyosi idliwe ngesihlahla sase-spruce, insikazi ibeka inqwaba yamaqanda, lapho izibungu zidla khona emanzini amathayi ngaphakathi kwenduku. Ehlobo, abantu abavela esizukulwaneni esilandelayo se-parthenogenetic baphuma enkongweni, ehlala ngesihlahla se-spruce bese beqhubeka nokujikeleza kwabo. 
Late spruce hermes. Amantombazane enza ama-galls aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngamagxolo avelele ayesayinaliti ngaphambili - ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwe-Hermes ngesihlanzi se-spruce. IHermes leLate ikhetha ukuzala kwakhe i-spruce bud, etholakala ekupheleni konyaka owodwa. Insikazi iphuza isitshalo sesitshalo, kuyilapho ikhiqiza amathe, okuyinto ngokubunjwa kwayo eyasiza ekwakheni indongo. Ekubeni, amaqanda okukhiqiza asetshenziswe ekwindla; entwasahlobo, izimpungushe ziphuma ngaphakathi kulo, okushiya ingulube ngoJulayi bese zihlala phezu kwendawo yonke yesitshalo. I-spruce hermes iphila esikhathini esizayo futhi ibeletha esitshalweni esifanayo, ikhetha amagatsha asohlangothini. 
Uyazi? I-plaque emhlophe e-fibes eHermes ingaphandle kwekhava elincane elincane, kuyadingeka ukuba inkathazo igweme ukulahlekelwa umswakama emzimbeni.
Podkorovy fir hermes. Le nkathazo ayisebenzisi i-galls yokuzalana, abantu abangenawo amaphiko ahlala emagqabeni e-trunk noma amagatsha omuthi owodwa kuphela - i-spruce iyashintsha. Kungenzeka ukuthola amakhemikhali angaphansi kwe-patina emhlophe emagqabeni - lawa angamazinyane ezincane ezinambuzane ezimbozwe umuthi ogqamile wombala omhlophe. Kulesi simo, inkathazo ithinta i-spruce yaseYurophu noma yaseSiberia.
I-spruce-larch, noma ama-herme aluhlaza. Umjikelezo wokuphila wezinambuzane zalezi zinhlobo kunenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokukhiqiza. I-Hermes wesifazane yenza insimbi eyindilinga kuze kube ngu-20-30 mm ubude, futhi ibeka amaqanda kuyo. Ehlobo lama-larvae, abafuduki be-Hermes bahamba ngamaphiko, okuyinto ehamba ukuze izalwe. Laba bantu abafudukayo bahlanganiswa nezinsimbi zangasese futhi kufana nesembozo seqhwa kumahlumela. Abantu abanamaphiko aseHermes badla ijusi larch bese bebeka amaqanda kuwo. Ekwindla, izibungu zivela emaqanda, ahlala ngaphansi kwe-larch bark eduze kwamaqabunga ayo ebusika. 
Entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo, izibungu ezithintekayo zizalwe kabusha njengabasunguli bamanga, ngayinye ekwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-200. Isizukulwane sabantu besifazane nabesilisa sizovela emaqanda aqokiwe, azokwazi ukuhamba aye e-spruce ngokubeka amaqanda amasha futhi azohlala kuwo ubusika. Ama-hatch amaqanda avela kulawa maqanda, ebeka iqanda elilodwa kuphela, elizobe linikeza ukuphila komunye wesifazane osungula, okwazi ukwenza ama-galls. Ngakho-ke kukhona ukukhiqizwa kwe-cyclic nokuthuthukiswa kweHermes ngokuhlanganyela kwezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezimbili.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo zeHermes ezinjenge-yellow and spruce-larch zithinta izihlahla ezincane zezihlahla ze-spruce ezikhula emhlabathini owomile, emthambekeni ophansi noma ephansi; IHermes leLate ikhetha izitshalo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe, ezikhulayo nezimo ezingahle kakhulu.
Indlela yokubhekana neHermes ezihlahleni
Uma usebenzisana neHermes, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi lesi akusona isifo, kodwa kuyinkinga, futhi kungenzeka futhi kuyadingeka ukuyiqeda, njengokungathi isisulu sezinambuzane. Uma iHermes itholakale ngesihlahla sase-spruce noma ezinye izidakamizwa, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukusika nokushisa izingxenye zamahlumela nge-galls, kunconywa ukuba nesikhathi sokwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuze kube yilapho izibungu ezikuzo sezikhulile.
Khona-ke ezindaweni eziningana zigeza izinambuzane ezivela emagatsheni ngamanzi amaningi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukusifiphaza isihlahla ngesisombululo samafutha omaminerali - 150 ml ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi. Uma izindlela ezibekiwe zokuhluleka zingasebenzi, isitshalo siphathwa no-Aktara, Confidor, Mospilan noma uMlawuli ngokulandela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa.
Uyazi? Ngemuva kokuba izimpungushe zeHermes ziphuma enkongeni, zimile futhi zihlale esihlahleni isikhathi eside.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela: kanjani ukwandisa ukumelana nezilokazane
I-prophylactic ebaluleke kunazo zonke ungatshali eduze kwe-spruce larch, ngoba ukusondela kwalezi zitshalo kuhlasela kahle uHeles. Izithombo ezinempilo kufanele zitshalwe enhlabathini evulekile nevundile, ezindaweni ezimnyama ngaphandle kwemidwebo.
Kunconywa ukuba umquba umhlabathi nge-pine bark, futhi isitshalo singelashwa nge-Eupin, indlela yokwandisa umkhuhlane, okuzohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okwengeziwe kwezihlahla ze-conifer eHermes. Ukupompa okuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kwama-conifers nge "Decis" noma "Fastak" amalungiselelo kuyoba yisisombululo sokuvimbela Hermes.
