I-Calendula isitshalo esixubile se-herbaceous esinezimbali eziqhakazile ezibukeka njengamadiski amancane elanga. Ungowomndeni wakwa-Astrov. Lesi sitshalo sihlala eMedithera naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, lapho sisakazekele khona kuyo yonke iplanethi. I-Calendula yaziwa ngabaningi njengama-marigolds. Kuyathandwa kakhulu kubantu nasemithini esemthethweni, ngoba inezinto eziningi ezisebenzayo. Iphinde isetshenziswe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ingadi. Izimbali ezinde ezimnandi nezomnandi we-tart ziyinzuzo enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi bathanda izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zethala lesithelo se-calendula, eziphenduka zibe ukhaphethi omnyama wegolide.
Izici ze-Botanical
Phakathi kwezitshalo ze-calendula zonyaka nezonyaka zisetshenziswa. Zine-rhizome yentonga futhi iqonde, isiqu esincane sayo sinamagatsha ayi-15-75 cm.Phezulu kwesibhakela esiluhlaza obumnyama kukhona ama-villi aqinile glandular, okwenza ukuba anamathele ekuthini awathinte.
Amaqabunga alandelana ephelele anombala oluhlaza ogcwele kanye nokwakheka kwe-obovate noma okusaqanda. Eduze kwesisekelo, iqabunga liyancipha futhi lakha i-petiole emfushane. Umphetho waso uyindilinga.
Kusekuqaleni kukaJuni, ama-inflorescence angabodwa ngendlela yebhasikidi avela eziqongweni zeziqu. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angama-4-7. Isigaxa semigqa engu-1-2 yezimbali zomhlanga zabesifazane ezinamafulethi aphansi sitholakala eceleni komphetho. Isici esihlukile ukuthi kungaphakathi kuzo lapho izithelo ziboshwe khona. Yize izimbali ezinkulu ze-tubular zi-bisexual, azinacala ngokuphelele. Ngombala we-inflorescences, imibala ephuzi ne-orange iyabonakala. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izimbali ziyaqhubeka kuze kufike ukubanda ekwindla. Ihambisana nephunga elinamandla.
Ukuwohloka kwemvelo kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinambuzane, ngemuva kwalokho izithelo ziyavuthwa kungakapheli inyanga. Amabhokisi embewu ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana ngendlela yendandatho ezungeza ububanzi be-inflorescence. Imbewu eyindilinga enjenge-Crescent enomhlanga oyindilinga enendawo enamabala nombala onsundu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-calendula
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-20 kuhlobo lwe-calendula, kodwa zimbili kuphela zazo ezisetshenziswa emasikweni.
Inkambu yeCalendula. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa hhayi izinjongo zokwelapha. I-Grassy minyaka yonke i-10-30 cm amade ayi-branched angenamandla. Iziqu ezine-glandular pubescence zimbozwe ngamaqabunga ama-obovate angavamile. NgoMeyi-Juni, obhasikidi obukhulu obukhulu buqhakaza ngobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-7-9. Umongo we-inflorescence uphuzi okhanyayo, kanti amacembe aphuzi ngokuphuzi. Izithelo ngesimo sembewu eshwabeneyo ye-arcuate enendawo yokuvuvukala engavuthiwe ivuthwe ngoJulayi.
Calendula officinalis. Unyaka ngamunye ukhula ube nesiqu esivulekile, cishe nesiqu esingaboshiwe esifinyelela ku-75 cm ukuphakama. Ukhulu ngokwanele, ubambo. Inqwaba enamathelayo ibonakala endaweni eluhlaza ekhanyayo. Okunye ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngesimo se-oval noma i-obovate kunwebeka emaphethelweni. I-inflorescence ekhanyayo ye-orange enamacembe amancane kunamasentimitha angama-6-6. Ama-Achenes ahlukile ngesimo nangezinga lokugoba. Ngokusekelwe kulolu hlobo, abafuyi bezitshalo bahlakulele izinhlobo zokuhlobisa. I-Terry calendula ithandwa kakhulu. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu izinhlobo:
- Umsakazo - amahlumela aqothulwe amabele amade angama-35-45 cm ambozwe ngamaqabunga okusaqanda anenethiwekhi yemithambo ehlanganisiwe, ama-terry hemispherical inflorescence ama-6-7 cm ububanzi anombala okhanyayo we-orange;
- I-Yuvel - isihlahla esinamagatsha anamasentimitha angama-40-50 cm sikhula siba ngamaqabunga aluhlaza obanzi futhi siqhakaze obhasikidi abangama-orange angamamitha ayi-5-8 cm;
- Bonbon - isihlahla esingama-blooms angama-30 cm amade ama-inflorescence ama-terracotta anesilinganiso esingu-8 cm;
- Isikhulu saseNdiya - sigqibela ngamasentimitha angama-75 ubude ngamabhasikidi e-terry e-terry nomgogodla wethusi nezinsimbi ezi-burgundy ezisikiwe eceleni.
Ukusakazwa kwezimbali
I-Calendula itshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ngoba cishe zonke izinhlobo zonyaka ziluhlaza. Zingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile noma izithombo ezandulewe. Indlela yezithombo idinga umzamo omkhulu, kepha ikuvumela ukuthi uthole izitshalo eziqhakazayo ngaphambili. Imvamisa, le ndlela isetshenziselwa izinhlobo zokuhlobisa eziphansi.
Ekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, imbewu isatshalaliswa ngaphandle kokulungiselela kokuqala kube izinkomishi zokwahlulela ezihlukile noma iziqukathi ezinengxube ekhethekile yenhlabathi yezitshalo eziqhakazayo. I-1-2 cm yomhlaba ithululelwa ngaphezulu. Amapulangwe afafazwa ngamanzi afudumele futhi ambozwe ngefilimu. I-greenhouse igcinwa endaweni enomthunzi ngokushisa kwe + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ngemuva kwesonto, lapho kuvela amahlumela, ifilimu iyasuswa bese isitsha sidluliselwa endaweni epholile (hhayi ephakeme kune- + 14 ... + 15 ° C). Izithombo kufanele zigcinwe ekukhanyeni okukhona futhi ziniselwe njalo. Kabili noma kathathu ngenyanga, bondliwa ngengxube yamaminerali ehlanjululwe kakhulu. Izithombo ezinamaqabunga amabili angempela zigqobhozela ezitsheni ezihlukile noma ekhabetheni ebangeni elingama-5 cm.
Ukugwema ubunzima obungadingekile, izilimo zingenziwa ngokushesha endaweni evulekile. Isikhathi esifanele salokhu: ngo-Okthoba noma ngo-Ephreli. Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala, isiza kufanele simbiwe bese kufakwa i-humus, kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali (i-potassium chloride, i-superphosphate, i-urea). Imbewu isatshalaliswa emithonjeni ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-1-2. Isikhala somugqa kufanele sibe cm- 60-70. Lapho umhlaba ufudumala, izithombo zizoqala ukubonakala. I-calendula elikhulile ligxotshwe ngendlela yokuthi ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lingama-25-30 cm. Uma ukutshala kudingekile ukuze kuqoqwe izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwelapha, ke ibanga lingamiswa.
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokutshala, ukuqhakaza kwe-calendula kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingama-2,5 ngemuva kokuvela.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Izithombo ezikhulile zithuthelwa emhlabathini ovulekile eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi, lapho kuvela amaqabunga angama-5-6 ezitshalweni. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi komcimbi ohlelwe kufanele uqiniswe kanzima, kusale izimbiza zezimbali ngezikhathi zemini zasemgwaqweni. I-Calendula ayimelani nokubanda impela, iyakwazi ukubekezelela amaqele asebusuku angavamile.
Indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ivuleke futhi ibe nelanga, futhi inhlabathi ivundile, inomswakama futhi ixege. Ngenxa yephunga elinamandla, i-calendula izesabisa izinambuzane, ngakho-ke kuvame ukutshala engadini phakathi kwemibhede nezitshalo zemifino.
Ukunakekela izitshalo kulula kakhulu. Kunconywe ukuthi imbali yezimbali iniselwe njalo futhi ikhululwe ukuze uqweqwe lungabi ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, ukuvikele umoya ungafiki ezimpandeni. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu, kepha ukuze amanzi angahlali ezimpandeni isikhathi eside.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle, i-calendula idinga ukugqoka okuphezulu. Inyanga ngayinye, izitshalo zinikezwa ama-ammophos noma ama-nitrophos. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungangeqi umthamo okhonjisiwe, ngoba i-nitrogen eningi emhlabathini yenza ama-inflorescences aphuzi futhi abonakali.
Kukhona iqhinga elincane elikuvumela ukuthi wenze izimbali zibe ziningi futhi zinde. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-corollas avuleke ngokuphelele kufanele anqunywe, ngaphandle kokulinda aze azithele. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani elikhulu lama-buds amasha lizokwakhiwa. Ngokuphinda le nqubo njalo, kuzokwazi ukwelula ukuqhakaza izimbali eziqandeni zekwindla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izophela ngenyanga.
Izinhlobo zomhlobiso wensimu ziba minyaka yonke, ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukuzigcina zibusika. Ekwindla, izimila zidatshulwe ngokuphelele futhi isiza sembiwe. Imbewu iyachitheka izidleke ngaphambi kokuvuthwa. Uma ungazihliki amakhanda ngesikhathi, kufanele ulungele ukuzilolonga ngonyaka olandelayo.
I-Calendula ihlushwa kaningi izifo noma izinambuzane. Kuphela ngokuqina kokuqina lapho i-Powdery isikhutha kanye nokubona okumnyama kukhula kuso. Ukulwa nezifo kunzima impela, ama-fungicides (uTopazi, uTopsin nabanye) azosiza. Ukuvimbela ukhunta ngukuncipha okufika ngesikhathi kwamathanga. Iphunga elixakile lezimbali liyesabisa izinambuzane, ngakho-ke cishe akekho umuntu ohlala esihlahleni. Okuhlukile yi-aphid. Uma le parasite isendaweni, khona-ke okokuqala kutholakala ku-calendula. Ama-Chemical agents azosiza umlimi (uKarbofos, Aktellik, Antitlin).
Ukwakheka nezakhiwo zokwelapha
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-calendula kukhulu kangangokuba kwatshala wonke amasimu okubutha kwezimboni. Njengempahla eluhlaza yokwelapha, kusetshenziswa obhasikidi abagcwele. Ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-flavonoid, ama-tannins, ama-phytoncides, uwoyela onamafutha, ama-alkaloid, uwoyela obalulekile, i-carotene, umunyu.
Izimbali ezomile zingagcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa utshwala namanzi ama-tincture, ama-decoctions, uwoyela, amafutha okugcoba. I-Calendula inezinkomba ezilandelayo ezisetshenziswayo:
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
- isilonda sesisu;
- i-gastritis;
- cholelithiasis;
- cholecystitis;
- ukuguguleka kwesibeletho;
- trichomoniasis;
- i-tonsillitis;
- ukuvuvukala esikhunjeni kanye namanxeba okuhlanza;
- isifuba somoya
- i-jade;
- i-stomatitis.
UCalendula wayebathanda kakhulu abesifazane. Unakekela impilo yokuzala, aqeda ukuvuvukala kanye nokutheleleka kwezitho zangasese, kanye nokuvikela ukungahambi kahle kwesisu nokukhula kwe-toxicosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinakekela ubuhle bezintokazi. Kwanele ukusula njalo isikhumba nge-tincture yotshwala ukuze uqede induna, ukuvuvukala kanye nemivimbo. Ukuphonsa izinwele nge-decoction yamakhambi nge-calendula, hops ne-chamomile, ungathuthukisa isimo sabo futhi unikeze ukukhanya okukhulu.
Ukuxabana nokuthatha i-calendula kungaba umkhuba we-hypotension, bradycardia and reaction allergic reaction.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
Izikhonkwane ze-solar ezisebusweni zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa umbhede wezimbali ngesitayela semvelo noma sokugqwala, i-rabatka, i-mixborder, kanye nokuhlobisa ama-balconies kanye namathafa, njengesitshalo esibunjiwe. Izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphansi zisetshenziswa eqenjini leteyiphu noma emphemeni okokugcina utshani, futhi okuphezulu kuzoba yisizinda esihle maphakathi noma ngemuva kwe-flowerbed. Izimbali ezikhanyayo ze-orange-orange ziyanconywa ukuthi zihlanganiswe nemhlophe, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi. Ngokubambisana ne-calendula, i-ageratum, i-zinnia, i-cornflowers, i-eschscholtsia ne-rudbeckia zivame ukutshalwa. Kunokuhlukahluka okuningi, into esemqoka ukudweba kahle ikhalenda eliqhakazayo ukuze ingadi yezimbali kulo lonke ehlobo ijabule ngemibala egqamile.
