Mayelana nesitshalo esibizwa "fern" wazi okuningi. Kuye kwazuza ukuthandwa ngenxa yendatshana yasebusuku be-Kupala, lapho kuthiwa i-fern ikhula. Kulowo othole imbali enjalo, injabulo izokhamuluka. Ngeke siqiniseke ukuthi ubuqiniso bendabuko, kodwa singasho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuthi i-fern iyisitshalo esimnandi esikuhle ukuhlobisa noma yiliphi igceke kanye nensimu. Into eyinhloko - ukuthanda u-fern nokukwazi ukutshala. Kodwa akekho owake wabona u-fern ukukhula, okungenani akekho ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kwalesi simo. Kodwa lesi simo asivimbeli isitshalo ukuba sibe phakathi kwabaholi phakathi kwezici eziningi zokuhlobisa izingadi.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-10 zama-fern, okuvumela ukuba isitimu ngasinye sikhethe okuhlukahlukene ayekuthandayo. Ake sibheke ngokucophelela izici zalesi sitshalo bese uphendula umbuzo wokuthi ungakhula kanjani insimu engadini.
Uyazi? I-fern ibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo ezindala kunazo zonke, ngoba yavela eMhlabeni iminyaka eyizigidi eziningana edlule.
I-Garden fern: izici ezijwayelekile
Izinhlobo zeFern zihluka komunye nomunye ngobukhulu, imijikelezo kanye namafomu okuphila (oody and herbaceous), kanye nezici zesakhiwo. Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle bafana kakhulu, abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi leli yiqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke zezitshalo ze-spore. Amafucu ahlukile ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zamaqabunga, ukumelana nokungaphezulu komswakama kanye nesipulasitiki.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-ferns ezifanele ukukhula engadini
Namuhla, i-fern ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi abaningi abaye bafunda ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwayo endle. Zihlotshiswe ngezitidi, emachibini, zakha imihlaba emihle kakhulu.
Sizobe sibhala izinhlobo eziningana ze-fern ebusika-eziqinile, ezizozijabulisa ensimini esimweni sethu sezulu futhi zihle kakhulu ekukhuleni:
- I-Orlyak evamile. Umbono omuhle. Izimpande zawo zisetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko. Ukuphakama kwalesi fern kungu-80 cm.
- Isitezi singowesifazane. Ifinyelela imitha ngokuphakama. Endaweni eyodwa uhlala iminyaka eyi-10.
- Shchitovnik wesilisa. I-fern ephakeme kakhulu, engadlulisela ku-1.5 m, kodwa ikhula kancane. Isakazwa ngamagcekeni e-rhizome. Insimu enhle kakhulu yokulima, ukulima nokunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo akulula.
- Bush bush. I-Evergreen i-fern enkulu.
- Ostrichnik ejwayelekile. Lolu hlobo lwe-fern lusheshe ludale amahlumela amnandi kakhulu. Izwa okuhle kokubili emthunzini naselanga.
- Asplenium. Abantu bambiza ngokuthi amaKostenets. Ama-asleniums amaningi athanda ukushisa, kodwa amanye ayabanda futhi angaphila emakhazeni kuya ku -18 ° C. Ukukhulisa lolu hlobo lwe-fern engadini namuhla kuthandwa kakhulu.
- I-asplenium ye-nesting ikhula ngisho nangaphandle kwenhlabathi, ngoba isetshenziselwa imvelo ukugxila ezinqwabeni zamagatsha, ama-snags kanye neziqu. Ikhula kuze kufike ku-1 m ubude. Ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathenga izinhlobo ezincane zaleli fern.
- I-Lukovitsenosny asplenium - i-fern eyinqaba. Izwe lakulo lomlando yiNew Zealand. Lezi zinhlobo zingatshalwa engadini, uma izimpande zihlanganiswa ngendwangu yamaqabunga owomile ebusika noma zimba futhi zigcinwe egumbini elingaphandle kuze kufike entwasahlobo kanye ne-clod yomhlaba. Ubude besitshalo bungaba ngu-60 cm.
- Ukuphulukisa i-asplenium. Ehlangothini elingenhla le-bent, amaqabunga ahlukaniswe amaqabunga akhula futhi awela emhlabathini, aphenduke izibonelo ezintsha.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo esakhiweni se-garden fern
Abathandi balesi sitshalo kumele bazi ukuthi bangatshala kanjani. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ngaphandle kokuhlukile, zonke izinhlobo zalesisitshalo zithanda umthunzi nomswakama, ngakho-ke umninikazi unesimo sakhe sokutshala nokukhathalela esikhathini esizayo. Uma kunezindawo ezimnyama ezifihliwe endlini yakho yezwe lapho ezinye izitshalo azizwa zingakhululekile, ungatshala khona lapho. Ihambisa kalula izimo ezilimazayo kwabanye abameleli bezitshalo futhi zingakhula emhlabathini ngaphandle kokufaka umquba.
Ukujula komgodi kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla eziseduze lithethwa kusukela esitshalweni somuntu omdala. Uma uhlwanyela izinhlobo eziningi ze-fern, thatha isikhala esiningi kubo, ngoba zingacindezela kakhulu izitshalo eziseduze. Ungaphinda ukhawule ngokwezifiso indawo yawo.
Ngidinga ukukhanya kwe-fern
I-fern ibekezelela umthunzi kahle, kepha ukungabi khona kwelanga okude kungabi kubi ngamaqabunga - aphenduka aphuzi futhi adikibe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Akulimazi isitshalo, kodwa ukubonakala kwayo kuhlahloka. Ukukhanyisa okungcono kakhulu kwe-fern kukhanya kwelanga. Imisebe eqondile yelanga akufanele iwele kuwo.
Kufanele kube inhlabathi yokutshala
Kulo mbuzo: uhlobo luni lomhlaba abaluthandayo, kulula ukuphendula ngisho nasendlini yokulima. Yiqiniso, inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto engavamile futhi ithathe umswakama kahle. Ukuze amanzi emhlabathini angaqhubeki futhi angabhubhisi izinqubo zokubeka izimpande ezimpandeni, uzodinga isihlabathi somfula noma omunye amanzi. Emhlabathini oqoshiwe, engeza i-peat nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-2: 2: 1. Hlanganisa kahle kahle futhi ubeke kahle isitshalo kuso. Ezimpandeni ze-fern kufanele kube ngangokunokwenzeka kwenhlabathi lapho ikhula khona ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha. Lokhu kuzomsiza ukuba ahlele ngokushesha endaweni entsha.
Izici zokutshala umnxeba ensimini
Isici esiyinhloko sokutshala i-fern engadini ukuthola indawo enomthunzi obumnyama, kodwa ngesilinganiso esanele sokukhanya kwelanga. Uma uletha i-fern ehlathini, khona-ke ezimpandeni zayo kuyisifiso sokushiya inhlabathi eningi ngangokunokwenzeka lapho isitshalo siphelile khona. Khona-ke inhlanzi izogxila kahle endaweni entsha bese ivumelanisa ngokushesha lapho.
Amathiphu aphezulu we-Fern Care
Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhula okusheshayo nokufanele kwanoma yikuphi ukulima kwensimu kunomhlabathi owanele. Njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweyisine, lesi sitshalo kumele sivuselelwe futhi sinciphise. Susa amaqabunga endala, anezifo nokulimala, kodwa ngokucophelela. Uma ungahlwanyeli ama-fern, angakhohlwa ukuwafihla ebusika nge-peat noma amahlamvu asomile. Lapha, mhlawumbe, yizo zonke amathiphu ayisisekelo ekunakekeleni insimu yesihlahla. Izimila azidingi ukondla okuqondile, futhi izinambuzane azikhathaleli.
Kubalulekile! Qaphela izimpande zama-fern - alulame kancane kancane.
Indlela yokuphuza i-fern engadini
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo kumele siphuze njalo. Khokha ngokukhethekile ukuchelela ngesikhathi sokukhula kwentwasahlobo kanye nesomiso sasehlobo. Ngesikhathi sokuphuza, ungakhohlwa ukuhlunga amaqabunga, futhi hhayi nje imithi yezimpande. Kulungile-ke ukugubha umhlabathi osondelene nesitshalo ngezinyawo zikaphayini. Lokhu kuzosiza inhlabathi ukuthi igcine umswakama isikhathi eside futhi iqinise izimpande ze-fern.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Inhlabathi ye-fern kufanele ihlale ikhululekile futhi imanzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi awayemi futhi awawoli emhlabathini. Lezi yizeluleko eziyinhloko zokunakekela inhlabathi lapho izinga lomlimi likhula khona.
Ukudla kukaFern engadini
Ukufakelwa umquba ngefernini akusiyo isidingo, kepha isimo esibalulekile uma ufuna ukunikeza izitshalo ngezinto ezisebenzayo, ukudala izimo zokukhula okugcwele nentuthuko. Kungcono ukondla i-fern ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela amasha eqala ukukhula. Ngokulingana kahle lidlulisela izinhlobo eziphilayo nezinhlobo zemifuno. Uma lesi sitshalo sishaya, amaqabunga aphuzi noma aphelile, khona-ke asuke engenamaminerali nezakhi. Kuyadingeka ukuthenga umanyolo wamaminerali oketshezi kanye nokuthuthukisa isimo somhlabathi ngamanzi.
Ukufakelwa kwefern
Abanini bezithelo balindelekile ukuthi bazibuze ukuthi kungcono yini ukutshala i-fern? Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa entwasahlobo lapho isitshalo siqala ukukhula. Uma uthayipha i-fern kamuva, yikhiphe ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Zama ukugcina umhlaba ezimpandeni, futhi ekugcineni kokufakelwa, manzi amanzi ngesitshalo. Njengoba inhlabathi ihlala ngemuva kokutshala, bamba imbobo engacacile. Imbobo kufanele ibe yinto yokuthi i-rhizome ibeke ngokukhululekile kuyo, lapho izimpande ziqhakaza.
Beka umgodi emgodini ukuze i-rhizome, lapho amaqabunga amasha ekhula khona, ahlala emhlabathini, emboze ngamanzi. Umhlaba ulele ngqo emanzini, ngakho-ke akukho mgebe womoya, futhi izimpande zenziwe kahle ngenhlabathi futhi azimeli.
Ama-Ferns azizwa enhle emhlabeni, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uma ushintshela ama-ferns engadini esikhundleni samanzi alula, uthele "ArganiQ" engadini engenani lika-300 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Le nqubo izosiza u-fern ukuthi alungise ngokungahambi kahle endaweni entsha. Ukubekezela okuncane, nokufakelwa kabusha ingadi yensimu ngeke kube nzima kuwe.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukuguqula ama-rock ferns kunoma yikuphi, ungawugodli umgodi - kubangele.
Izici zokuzalisa ama-fern garden
Indlela eyinhloko yokuzalisa ama-ferns ukuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla ezindala. Ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani u-fern ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, kufanele wazi kangcono nezincwadi ezikhethekile. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo zikhula ngokuhluma. Yenza le nqubo ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Iqabunga eliphilile, elithuthukisiwe likhishwa phansi futhi lifafazwe nenhlabathi enomanzi emaphethelweni, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umvini ophakathi.
Uyazi? Izici zesakhiwo nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-ferns zivumela ukulinda ukuvuthwa kwezinhlamvu ngemuva kwamacembe esitshalo.
Ungakwazi futhi ukusakaza i-fern ngezinhlamvu, okudingeka zomiswe kahle ephepheni, bese kuthi phakathi noJanuwari, zihlwanyele phezu kwe-substrate, eqoqwe ngaphambilini lapho ukhula lukhula khona. Emhlabathini wezinyosi ezimanzi kufanele kube inyanga noma kuze kube yizibonakaliso zokuqala zokuhluma. NgoFebhuwari, lo mnyango kufanele udluliselwe ku-greenhouse, futhi lapho kufika ukushisa okufakelwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
