Izindlela ezingavamile zokukhula ukhukhamba

Abalimi abaningi bezinsizwa bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi bangahlwanyela kanjani amajikijolo, izihlahla zezithelo nemifino endaweni encane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvuna ngokwanele isivuno. Sikunikeza izindlela ezithakazelisayo. ukutshala ukhukhamba.

Uyazi? Izwe lakuleli ikhukhamba elivamile yizindawo ezihlala ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNdiya, ezinyaweni ze-Himalaya, lapho zikhula khona ngezimo zemvelo.

Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba esikhwameni noma esikhwameni

Le ndlela ilula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa isikhwama esinamandla noma isikhwama seplastiki. Kufanele kube ngamalitha ayi-120. Suit ngisho isikhwama ushukela. Uyodinga futhi induku yamatshe emithi amabili, imitha engama-30 yentambo elukhuni noma umugqa wokudoba, amashubhu angamamitha amathathu angamapulangwe (ububanzi - 30 cm), izikhonkwane zetende (izingcezu ezingu-10), ingxube yebumba yokutshala ukhukhamba. Ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba ezikhwameni, udinga ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Izikhonkwane ezimbili kumele ziboshwe phezulu kwenduku yokhuni. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa umugqa noma umugqa wokudoba. Emgodini ngamunye ongenalutho, izimbobo eziningana ziboshwe lonke ubude kwiphethini lokuhlola. Isikhwama noma isikhwama kufanele sibekwe ngokuqondile endaweni oyithandayo futhi ugcwaliswe nge-substrate yasebumba. Induku yokhuni ifakwa phakathi kwesikhwama, futhi amashubhu angenalutho ahlangene nawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwephakeji, udinga ukusika nge umese kanye izitshalo izitshalo kuwo. Esikhwameni ngasinye kufanele kube izithombo ezintathu zekhukhamba.

Ama-tubes angenalutho anezimbobo azokusiza njengamanzi, okungukuthi, azoba uhlelo lokunisela. Zigcwele amanzi noma okuphakelayo kwamanzi. Hlola ukuthi ngabe udinga ukhukhamba ophuzayo, ungenza njengesizwe esikhwameni sezinkokhelo. Ekushiseni kwamakhukhamba kudinga ukuphuziswa njalo njalo nsuku zonke. Ehlobo epholile kuyokwanela kanye ngesonto.

Ukusekela amakhukhamba kufanele kufakwe lapho beqala ukuvumela izintambo zokuqala. Ukwesekwa kuyoba yizikhonkwane zetende, ezifakwe esikhwameni ngasinye. Khona-ke udinga ukunamathisela ukuphela kwesigcawu sokudoba phezulu kwesigxobo sokhuni, kanti enye iphele kukhonkwane. Kuwo amathekhamba ama-cucumber kanye nama-whips azovunguza. Izinzuzo zale ndlela ziningi, kodwa into esemqoka ukuthi ukhukhamba ezikhwameni zizwa kahle, futhi ukutshala akudingi umzamo omkhulu.

Izinzuzo zokufika okunjalo:

1. Ilondoloza isikhala kusayithi.
2. Kulula ukuvuna nokunakekela ukhukhamba.
3. Ukhukhamba uvuthwe ekuqaleni futhi uhlanzeke njalo.
4. Emanzini amanzi ahlala isikhathi eside.
5. Ukhukhamba uvikelwe kusuka kumagundane, ama-parasites nezifo.
6. Umhlaba uhlale ugcwala izakhi.

Kodwa kunezimo ezinzima zokufika okunjalo:

1. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi kunezinkinga ekwakheni imibhede eqondile.
2. Lapho ukhathazeka ngamakhukhamba nezikhwama, izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal ziqala.
3. Izinto ezidingekayo zokutshala azihlali zikhona njalo.

Uyazi? Ikhukhamba yavela emasikweni engaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule.

Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba emgqonyeni

Enye yezindlela ezintsha zokutshala ukhukhamba ikhula imifino emgqonyeni. Le ndlela yiyona elula futhi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi balimi. Konke okudingayo izigubhu ezinkulu nezimbobo. Uma zingekho kuziqukathi, ungazenza ngokwakho. Lezi zimbobo zidinga ukondla umoya ophansi.

Imiphongolo ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Kudingeka bagcwalise u-2/3 wemfucuza ephilayo, eyayixubaniswe ngaphambili, futhi yaphuziswa ngamanzi. Isendlalelo sokugcina ngumhlaba, ogcwele ungqimba we-10 cm. Sizohlwanyela imbewu lapha. Phakathi nendawo yomgqomo udinga ukumba ibhodlela lamabili-litre ngaphandle kwesisekelo nesikhombi, intamo phansi. Ngalo, uzokhipha amakhukhamba bese usebenzisa umanyolo we-liquid. Okuphezulu komgqomo kufanele kuvalwe ngokugqoka ukudla. Lokhu kwenziwa ukudala umphumela wokushisa. Ngiyabonga, imbewu izovuthwa ngokushesha.

Ukukhukhamba okukhulayo kulezi zinsimbi kunezinzuzo eziningi:

1. Ilondoloza isikhala kusayithi.
2. Ukuthokozisa ekuvuneni nasekunakekeleni.
3. Izitshalo azifaki, njengoba ziphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba.
4. I-humus ephezulu ihlinzeka izakhi ezidingekayo ukhukhamba, futhi ukuzondla akudingekile.
5. Uma idilika, ama-fertilizer ephilayo aveza ukushisa, okuqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwamakhukhamba.
6. Ukuvuna kokuqala.
7. Isibungu kanye amadevu ukhukhamba akudingeki ukubopha.
8. Izimila aziguli futhi azidingi ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali nezidakamizwa kanye nezikhuthazo.

Kukhona futhi ukungalungi kokufika okunjalo:

1. Akukhona njalo imigoqo efanele.
2. Ukuphuza njalo, njengoba ukucubungula kwezimila eziphilayo kudinga amanzi amaningi.

Uyazi? EBhayibhelini, ikhukhamba ibizwa ngokuthi imifino yaseGibhithe.

Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba ngamabhodlela epulasitiki

Le ndlela ivumela abalimi ukuba bavune izitshalo eziningi. Futhi, usebenzisa amabhodlela eplastiki, ungakhula ukhukhamba ekhaya ekhaleni.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhula ukhukhamba ngamabhodlela eplastiki:

1. Ididi elungile.
2. Ukhula ukhukhamba zakuqala.
3. Ukhetho lwezomnotho lwamakhukhamba akhula ngamabhodlela epulasitiki.
4. Indlela yokuqala yokukhula ezinkomeni zamabhodlela epulasitiki.
5. Indlela yokukhula engenamhlabathi esebenzisa iphepha langasese.

Sizocabangela zonke izinketho, futhi ungakhetha ngokwakho okulula kakhulu. Indlela yokuqala ifanelekile engadini encane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga amabhodlela epulasitiki, ubuso obuqondile, umhlaba futhi uqine odongeni. Amabhodlela epulasitiki anqenqemeni anqunyiwe axhunyiwe ngokuzungezile odongeni futhi agcwaliswe umhlaba. Emagqabeni atshalwe imbewu. Phakathi kwamabhodlela welula intambo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukugcina amabhodlela asele futhi ngeke awele emimoya enamandla. Ngokudla nokuphuza njalo, ukutshala ngokuqondile kwamakhukhamba kuzokulethela isivuno esikhulu.

Ukulima amakhokhamba okuqala usebenzisa amabhodlela eplastiki, ukulungiselela imbewu kufanele kuqala kwenziwe. Ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwalendlela, abalimi bevuna ekupheleni kukaJuni. I-rag lapho uzohlwanyela khona imbewu yekhukhamba kufanele ifakwe emalungiselelweni okukhuthaza ukukhula. Imbewu ayifakiwe ngokushesha, i-pre-insered in solution ye potassium permanganate isigamu sehora.

Maphakathi no-Ephreli, udinga ukwenza umbhede, uwugcobe bese uwuthambisa ngesisombululo senkukhu yomquba. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ibhodlela elilodwa lemitha lomlotha lihlakazekile engadini futhi umhlabathi ugcwala. Phakathi kwemibhede udinga ukwenza i-groove nge-10 cm ejulile nobubanzi obungaba ngu-30 cm. Uma uthola ibanga elingaba ngu-20 cm ukusuka ensimini kufanele udinga izimbobo ezincane uphinde uthele isisombululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate. Kulezi zithombo zisabalalisa imbewu engu-3 ikhukhamba. Phezu kwazo zidinga ukufafaza inhlabathi kanye nezintende zezandla. Khona-ke udinga ukusika amabhodlela eplastiki bese uwabeka emthonjeni ngamunye. Imbewu kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwayo. Kusukela phezulu amabhodlela anjalo athukuthukiswa ne-lutrasil. Khona-ke udinga ukubeka i-arc bese uyidonsela ifilimu. Ngokunisela nokugqoka kahle ngesonto, amahlumela okuqala avela. Emva kwalokhu kwenzekile, udinga ukuvula amathinki ebhodlela uphinde uthele amanzi afudumele emhlabeni wonke. Ifilimu idinga ukuvulwa. Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela akhule ukuze angaseneli ebhodleleni, asuswe.

Indlela yokonga kuyindlela engavamile kakhulu yokukhuphula ukhukhamba, njengoba ingakhula ngezindleko zezimali eziphansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu uzodinga uhlaka lokubamba ukushisa kanye nentambo. Zifinyelela esakhiweni sensimbi sendawo yokushisa futhi ziphakanyiswe phezulu. Ngaphansi kokushisa okudingayo kufanele udonse umsele bese uwugcwalisa nge-droppings yenkukhu. Kusukela phezulu, umsele ugcwele umhlaba ngamasentimitha angu-10. I-groove engajulile yenziwa kuyo, okumele igcwaliswe ngamanzi abilayo.

Ngemuva kokuba umhlaba uhlile, imbewu itshalwe. Ebhodleleni lepulasitiki kufanele uthele amanzi abilayo bese uyibeka emhlabathini eceleni kwembewu ehlwanyelweyo. Khona-ke udinga amabhodlela we-prikopat kancane, futhi umboze izitshalo ngaphezulu kwefilimu endala. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngeviki futhi azokhula masinyane futhi aphihlize ngezintambo.

Imibhede yangempela yekhukhamba ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa izinkomishi zamabhodlela epulasitiki. Le ndlela ilula ngoba ikhululekile ukunakekela izitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukulungisa umhlabathi. Esizeni basuke bemba umgodi omncane ka-70 cm futhi bawugcwalise ngotshani. Phezulu kwenhlabathi yaphuziswa ngamanzi ashisayo futhi yathululela ingxube yobumba. Khona-ke udinga ukwenza umgodi omncane ngezinhlangothi, okwenza umlotha nomquba. Emgodini ngamunye udinga ukufaka amahlumela amabili ezinkomeni ezinezimbobo ezansi. Bajuliswa ukuze umphetho wekomishi uphezulu phezulu. Izigxobo zisiza izimpande zithole izakhi nomswakama emhlabathini.

Ngaphezulu kombhede udinga ukufaka i-arc bese udonsa ifilimu. Uyasuswa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Emaphethelweni emibhede ubeka imigoqo yamapulanka amabili. Ama-racks amabili amade afakwe kuwo. Omunye kufanele abekwe ngokuqondile, kanti enye ibheke ngepeni. Kufanele ube nxantathu efanele. Kusuka komunye nomunye, ama-slats angama-triangular agcinwe kude no-35 cm. Lokhu kuklamo kufanele kufane nesiteji. Uma nje ukhukhamba ziqala ukugoqa, ziboshwe ezinyathelweni ze "izitebhisi". Lokhu kuvumela amakhukhamba ukuba aphume ohlangothini olumile. Indlela engenamgwaqo esebenzisa iphepha lezindlu zangasese ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule ukhukhamba kanye neminye imifino endlini yakho efasiteleni. Uzodinga phansi ibhodlela leplastiki, ifilimu yeplastiki, iphepha lezindlu zangasese kanye nebhodlela le-spray.

Ifilimu kufanele ihlukaniswe ibe yi-15 cm ububanzi. Faka i-toilet paper ephepheni ngalinye bese uhambisa amanzi emshini we-sprayer. Spread imbewu phezulu ebangeni lika 2.5 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Kudingeka zimboze ngephepha langasese kanye nomdwebo wefilimu. Lo mklamo uhanjiswe kahle emgqeni bese ufakwa ebhodini elincintisiwe.

Kubalulekile! Umqulu awufanele ube ngaphansi kwebhodlela, kodwa phezulu.

Ngaphansi kwesibhodlela udinga ukuthulula amanzi endaweni ephakeme ye-2.5 cm bese ubeka efayeleni lewindi. Amanzi kufanele ashintshwe njalo ukuze angahlali. Ngeviki, amahlumela okuqala azohluma, futhi uma amahlamvu okuqala evela, izithombo zingafakwa endaweni evulekile. Umqulu ngaphambi kwalokhu kuvela, umugqa ophezulu ususiwe.

Amakhukhamba akhula emabhodleleni anezinzuzo ezimbalwa:

1. Lokhu kusindisa ukuchelela, ngoba amanzi afika ekuhlosweni okuhlosiwe futhi awasakazeki kulo lonke izinga.
2. Umgqomo webhodlela uvikela izimpande zamakhukhamba ezifweni.
3. Ukhula aluphazamisi ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhukhamba.

Uyazi? AmaGreki abonisa ukhukhamba emafrikheni amadempeli endala, njengoba amakucucu okudla okuphulukiswayo atuswa yiTheophrastus noDioscorides. Futhi njengoba u-Avicenna abhala, ziwusizo ngokukhethekile ekuvimbeleni izifo zesisu nesibindi, kangcono kunabanye ukucima ukoma nokukhulula umkhuhlane.

Ukukhuka ukhukhamba etendeni noma indlu

Umbono olandelayo wokukhukhamba ukhukhamba uqobo. Ekuqaleni umbhede onjalo ufana nombhede, bese ukhumbuza indlu encane. Imbewu yekhukhamba idinga ukuba itshalwe emigodini embhede wemitha. Izikhonkwane eziphansi noma izingwegwe zifakwe eduze komgodi ngamunye. Maphakathi nombhede wembali udinga ukumba ithubhu enobude obungamamitha amathathu kuya ku-1 m ukujula. Phezulu kwezingwegwe zepayipi kufanele kufakwe. Ukusuka kubo kuya emathanjeni aphansi alula intambo encane noma ucingo. Le ntaba kufanele ifakwe ifilimu ebonakalayo, esuswa ngemva kokushisa kwentwasahlobo. Itende elinjalo lamakhukhamba akulula ukwenza ngezandla zakho, futhi umphumela uyoba isivuno esikhulu. Futhi, kuyoba umhlobiso omuhle wendawo yonke.

Le tende inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Kuba umhlobiso kusayithi.
2. Ukhukhamba unesimweni esihle kakhulu, kulula ukuxosha futhi akudingeki ukuba wageza.
3. Hut usindisa isikhala kusayithi.

Kunezimo ezimbi zokulima okunjalo:

1. Kudinga izindleko ezithile zezimali ukuthenga izinto ezengeziwe.
2. Umhlangano wesakhiwo udinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo.

Amakhukhamba akhula e-trellis

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokutshala ikhukhamba zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-trellis. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu futhi iboniswe ngabalimi abaningi. Siqala ngokutshala imbewu emibhedeni. Kufanele kufane phakathi komunye nomunye ebangeni elingu-1.5m. 25 cm kufanele asele phakathi kwabo. Ngokushesha nje uma ukhukhamba zikhula kuze kube ngu-10 cm, ziqala ukufaka i-trellis. Kungenziwa ngamapulangwe, ensimbi noma ngokusebenzisa isondo nesondo. Izinkuni zenziwe ngamagatsha aguquguqukayo noma ama-vystugannyh. Kubonakala sengathi udonga lwesiSweden. Kusuka kuma-slats enza amangqamuzana angu-15 cm ububanzi. Ama-slats kufanele abe okungenani ama-4 cm, futhi izinsika ezizungezile kufanele zibe ngu-6 cm. Amathrebra aqondile angama-5 cm ngosayizi. Ama-slats agxotshiwe abe yi-rhombus noma isikwele ngezikulubo zokuzibamba. Bese banamathele esisekelo semishayo. Lolu khetho luzohlobisa noma iyiphi indawo.

Ukuze wenze i-trellis yensimbi ekuqiniseni, udinga ukumba ama-tubes amabili emhlabathini emaceleni omabili embhedeni (ngamunye u-2 m ubude). Ukujula kokufakwa kungaba ngu-40 cm.Ukuze ukusekelwa ukuma ngokuqinile emhlabathini, kufanele kuqhutshwe emhlabathini ngamasentimitha angu-20 ngesando. I-crossbar enezingqimba kufanele ihlelwe nge-welding kagesi. Ezingxenyeni ezimbili zensimu baqhuba ngemigodla bese belula izintambo. Isakhiwo esinjalo siboshwe nge-primer ukuvimbela ukugqwala. I-bolt nayo ingenziwa kusukela esitsheni sesondo bese idinga. Olunye uhlangothi lwesondo lunqunywe futhi lubekwa kwisayithi lokufika. Kuyo udinga ukufaka izingodo ezimbili. Kufanele abe yi-arve convex ngaphandle. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sondo kumele kugcwaliswe inhlabathi futhi ikhava ngesikhwama esinqunyiwe. Emaphethelweni esikhwama angashintshwa ngaphansi kwesondo. Zima izimbobo esikhwameni bese uhlwanyela imbewu kuyo. Khona-ke ihlanganiswe ne-agrofibre.

Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokunisela noma ukukhulula, i-agrofiber ingasuswa.

Uma nje ukhukhamba zikhula zibe yi-30 cm, isikhwama kanye ne-agrofibre zingasuswa. Phakathi nendawo kufanele ufake ipulazi ngesigidi esinqunyiwe esinamasondo. Ukusuka ebhasini kuye ukudonsa ucingo.

Le ndlela inenzuzo eningana:

1. Ukuvuna kulula ukuqoqa, futhi ukhukhamba njalo uhlanzekile futhi owomile.
2. Umbhede wamakhukhamba utholakala endaweni evulekile futhi ifakwe umoya omuhle.
3. Imibhede yaseJalimani ihlale inikezwa ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga.

Kukhona ukungalungi kwalokhu kuklanywa:

1. Izindleko zezimali zidinga ukuthenga izigqoko, ukuhlukaniswa, ama-slats nezigxobo.
2. Kuthatha umzamo omkhulu womzimba kanye nesikhathi samahhala.
3. Izindawo zokuhlala kudingeka zikhululeke njalo.

Amakhukhamba akhula ngaphansi kwefilimu emnyama

Ukutshala imifino, kuhlanganise ukhukhamba, ngaphansi kwefilimu emnyama kuzothatha injabulo enkulu futhi kulethe isivuno esikhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga ifilimu emnyama yamaplastiki, imfucuza yemvelo, amagatsha amancane, umlotha, ama-EM-amalungiselelo, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus. Esikhathini esinjalo sokushisa, amakhukhamba atshalwa izithombo.

Imibhede idinga ukumba kusengaphambili. Kumele kube ngu-60 cm ububanzi. Umanyolo wamaminerali usetshenziswa emhlabathini. Phakathi nemibhede udinga ukwenza umdwebo wokunisela usebenzisa i-rake. Umbhede ongenawo umquba awuyikunika isivuno esihle, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwengeza noma yikuphi udaba oluphilayo olubhekene nombhede. Umbhede uhlanganiswe nefilimu enobubanzi obuyi-1 m. Ngaphansi kwefilimu ekuqaleni kombhede udinga ukufaka ibhodlela ngaphansi kokunqunywa ngentamo ngaphakathi. Uzoyidinga ukuchelela. Imiphetho yefilimu efafazwe nomhlaba. Esikhathini sefilimu kufanele kwenziwe emigqeni emibili yokusika. Baphuziswa, futhi lapho amanzi ehlwanyelwa, imbewu eyodwa yekhukhamba itshalwe kulo mgodi ku-2 cm ojulile. Khona-ke izimbobo kufanele zihlanganiswe ngezandla ezimbili zomhlaba. Amakhukhamba wamanzi kufanele abe kanye ngesonto. Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, udinga ukuklama kabusha, lungisa nje ukulayishwa kwefilimu phezulu kwe-arc.

Izinzuzo zefilimu emnyama zimi kanje:

1. Ukulondoloza kuma-pesticides.
2. Ngaphansi kwefilimu kudala i-microclimate enhle kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuvuna kusenesikhathi.
3. Ukhula aludibi isivuno.
4. Ukugcina amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela isivuno.
5. Imikhiqizo enobungozi yemvelo iyakhula.

Uyazi? Ngomhla ka-27 Julayi, kugujwa iSuku Lamazwe Kazwelonke Lomhlaba. Ngalolo suku umkhosi wekhukhamba wawuhlelwe okokuqala eSuzdal.

Lezi zindlela ziyisisekelo sangempela futhi ezingavamile, kodwa zizokusiza ugcine isikhala kusayithi futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu samakhukhamba.