Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-apula iyisitshalo esivame kakhulu kunazo zonke zomhlaba waseRussia. Kubekezelela kahle izimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu nezomhlabathi.
Izindawo eziphansi nezamanzi kuphela azifanelekile, ngoba izimbali zingonakaliswa yi-frosts yokubuya.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Antonovka Dessert
Hlunga i-Antonovka Dessert yizinto ezihlukahlukene zasebusika. Ukuvuthwa njalo kuqala ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokuduka. Kunzima kakhulu ukumelana, ukumelana nokukhwabanisa.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zebusika ezithandwa ngabalimi. Isibonelo, u-Antey, Aport, uRenet Simirenko, i-Golden Delicious noGranny Smith.
Isihlahla obukhulu obuphakathi nomqhele ophephile, odlula iminyaka ibhola lomumo. I-oblong, amaqabunga ama-ovate wombala okhanyayo obomvu onqenqemeni ohlangene nobubanzi obunamathele.
Izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe neziphuzi entwasahlobo zihlobisa isihlahla kuphela, kodwa yonke indawo.
Izithelo ziyindilinga, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onombala obomvu obomvu obunomthunzi obomvu. Isisindo - kufika ku-200 g. I-pulp ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu, okumnandi, okumnandi.
Ukuvumelana kuyahambisana. Ukunambitha ukuhlola - 4.2 amaphuzu.
Ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo aqukethe ushukela, kuhlanganise ne-glucose; ama-acids e-organic (citric, tartaric, malic, njll); i-pectin; amafutha abalulekile; amavithamini A, C, B1; tannins, micro- kanye macroelements (ithusi, iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iodine, njll).
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okusha, zomisiwe, zibhaka, zenziwe zibe ijusi, zihlanganisa, iwayini, i-cider, i-jam ebilisiwe.
Ukuba khona kwe-pectin ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise izithelo zokwenza i-jelly, i-jam, i-mousse, i-jam, ukugcwalisa ama-pie.
Ngendlela yezithelo ezomisiwe, zona ziwumthombo wamaminsa amaminerali (kufika ku-0.5%), ushukela olula kalula (kufika ku-10%), futhi imbewu ye-apula eyodwa izonikeza umzimba ukudlala iodine nsuku zonke.
Ukuthanda kanye nephunga elimnandi le-Antonovka dessert liyabonakala ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokugcina - kunzima ukukubamba ezitshalweni ezintsha.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zikhombisa ukunambitheka okukhulu futhi zizuze: Orlinka, Oronvsky Pioneer, Aromatny, Moscow Winter and Young Naturalist.
Umlando wokuzala
Umfuyi S.I.Isaev kwakhiwa ibanga Antonovka dessert kusuka ekuhambeni I-Saffron Pepina futhi Antonovka ejwayelekile.
Ifomu njenge-Antonovka evamile, futhi unambitha elimnandi, izithelo zinkulu kodwa ubusika hardiness buphansi kancane.
Umbala wezithelo uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi obomvu obomvu, ozuze njengefa I-Pepin Saffron.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Ngaphandle kweRussia neBelarus, iyasakazwa kabanzi esifundeni saseVolga nase-Ukraine, esifundeni esisenyakatho seNtshonalanga yoMhlabathi.
Ukuzalanisa izindawo ze-Antonov ezifanelekile ezifana ne-Orel, Tambov, Bryansk, Smolensk, eMoscow, eRyazan, Tula, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Penza, Kursk, Voronezh.
Emadolobheni, e-Altai, eMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia, ingahlwanyelwa kuphela emasimini angenqamuki enomumo ophansi noma owodwa womqhele.
Ukuthela
Ukukhiqiza okuvela esihlahleni esisodwa kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-120 kg. Izithelo ziqala ukudubula ngoSepthemba, ukuvutha komthengi kuza ngenyanga. Ngokugcina kahle ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwesitshalo kuzohlala esimweni esiphelele kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi.
Ukukhiqiza kwezithelo, i-Oryol Polesie, i-Petrova Dessert, i-Uspensky ne-Stroyevsky ibonisa ukukhiqizwa okuhle nokugcinwa kokugcina.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Uma utshala noma yikuphi umuthi wesithelo, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezinjengesikhathi nendawo efanele. Lesi yisiqinisekiso sokuthi umuthi wakho we-apula uzothela izithelo kahle futhi uzokujabulela ngezithelo zawo.
Ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-apula, icebo likhethiwe ukuze ibanga phakathi kwabo liyi 5-6 amamitha futhi kusukela endaweni emngceleni - hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu. Uma wenza umqhele ophansi wokusabalalisa, lezi ziminganiso zanda.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele angcwatshwe ayikho ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ebusweni bomhlaba. Umhlabathi ohambelana kakhulu namasiko i-loam ne-sandy loam.
Inhlabathi yomswakama ihlanjululwa ngehlabathi elikhulu lomfula, ishlabathi - udaka. Futhi kulabo, futhi kwabanye bengeze i-peat, umquba, ama-humus.
Uma uthenga isineti, udinga ukumaka ohlangothini olubhekene nalo ukuya eningizimu lapho ekhula endaweni efanayo, futhi amtshale endaweni ehlala njalo.
Umuthi we-apula utshalwe entwasahlobo (eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli) nasekwindla (ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba).
Izimbiza zokutshala ziphawulwe ngentambo eselule kahle futhi zihambisa izikhonkwane endaweni yazo. Bese ususa umhlabathi ekujuleni 50 cm no-100 cm ububanzi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungqimba oluphezulu oluvundiwe luhlangene ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanti ubumba noma isihlabathi esilukele kwenye (asisetshenziswanga kamuva).
Lapho umgodi usulungile, ingxenye enkulu yocingo yocingo iqhutshwa phakathi. 130 cm no-5-6 cm ubukhulu ngophawu lwezinga eliphezulu. Leli phuzu lizoba impande yentambo ye-sapling.
Umgodi ugcwele isigamu ingxube futhi uphonse phansi.
Isibungu sebumba sihlanganiswa ucingo lwe-picket futhi izimpande zisakazwa kuso ngendlela yokuthi i-trunk ikhona ohlangothini olusenyakatho off the bar futhi akazange ashise elangeni. Ukufaka intamo impande nge uphawu, izimpande ngokulinganayo balele.
Umsila umsila - indawo yokuguquka kwesiqu kuya ezimpandeni, inemibala engafani. Uma lesi sitshalo singeyona rosary, abaqalayo bangawudibanisa ngendawo. ukugomaokuyinto ebizwa futhi ibukeka njenge-caper.
Kodwa lihlala likhona. 10-12 cm ngaphezu kwekhola yezimpande. Uma umgomo unesibindi, kufanele ususwe ngaphambi kokugibela.
Lapho umgodi wokufika ugcwele cishe ngokuphelele (5 cm kuya phezulu), isithombo sinamathela kancane ukuze intamo impande ikhishwe kancane ngaphezu uphawu.
Ngemuva kokuncipha kwenhlabathi, iyokuma endaweni efanele.
Manje umgodi ulele ngokuphelele futhi unisela kakhulu. (3-4 amabhakede amanzi) ngo 2-3 receptions, i-mulch ne-peat noma i-humus futhi iboshwe nge-twine yemvelo kuya kocingo lwe-picket.
Inyanga yokuqala nengxenye yokuqala yaphuzisa kanye 10 l ngesonto.
Ukuze ugweme ukulimaza i-trunk yamagundane efakwe emagqabeni noma ukulondoloza izinyiloni.
Kusukela ekushiseni kwelanga kanye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane shtamb zifakwe ezimhlophe nge i-sulphate yethusi ngezinyathelo ezimbili.
Shtambom bayabiza ingxenye yomuthi kusuka egatsheni lamahlumela elingaphansi ukuya ekoleni lempande.
Ukunakekela okuyinhloko izithombo ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala kanje:
- Ukusika izikhathi ezithile;
- Umanyolo;
- Ukukhulula (perekopka) isondo;
- Ukuvikeleka ngokumelene nezinambuzane nezifo;
- Ukunisela;
- Ukulawula ukhula.
Ukuze isitshalo sonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, ukusika izihlahla akudingeki; kuphela amahlumela abonakalisiwe asuswe bese enza isifuba somuthi esizayo.
Lokhu kusebenza kuveza ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivuke.
Ukubunjwa yikuhlelwa kwamagatsha amacilisi womqhubi ophakathi kanye nokususwa kwamahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele.
Kuncike ekutheni umgodi wokufika ugcwele kahle, ama-fertilizer awasebenziswanga phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala. ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen - ivuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela.
Umanyolo we-nitrojeni unomthelela kuze kube phakathi no-Julayiuma kungenjalo amahlumela ngeke abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ku-frost bese efa.
Umbuthano we-Pristvolny ukhululiwe ngokukhululekile emva kokunisela futhi wanezelwa i-mulch njengoba kudingeka.
Njalo nisusa ukhula futhi unganise inhlabathi kuye ngezimo zezulu, ukubhubhisa izinambuzane futhi ufeze ukupompela ukuvimbela izifo.
I-Antonovka dessert idinga ukulingana izihlahla ezincane - isusa kuphela ingxenye yokuzuza ngokweqile okungenamathemba; bend emuva amahlumela noma ukukhahlela bud, ukuze babe amagatsha full-fruiting.
Lapho sifinyelela ngakwesokudla ukuphakama (2.5-4 m)ukuze bayeke ukukhula komuthi, banquma umqhubi ophakathi, bese behambisa imisebenzi yayo egatsheni eliseceleni (2-3rd kusuka phezulu).
Ukunciphisa nokubunjwa kwenziwa kuphela elibukhali futhi elincintisiwe ithuluzi.
Zonke izilonda ezithathwa esihlahleni zihlanganisiwe ingadi engadini noma odweba ngamafutha e-linseed.
Umanyolo usetshenziswa entwasahlobo esekelwe Q1 m. isondo sesondo (ukukhishwa komqhele).
Basungelwe ngokulinganayo emhlabathini kuze kube ngu-5 cm ejulile, eduze komjikelezo wendilinga ye-trunk, kusukela izimpande ezincane zokusondeza zikhona.
Ukunisela kuyenzeka kanye ngenyanga ngaphandle kokungabi khona kwemvula endaweni yokugcoba, kuguqulwa nxazonke ze-projection.
Ukuze izitshalo zonyaka wesibili no-3 wokuphila zizanele 3-4 amabhakede, kanye nemithi yama-apula asebekhulile enomqhele wamakhilomitha angaphezu kwezingu-3, benza i-groove ngomgqa ohlangothini olungaphandle uthele ama-40 amabhakede amanzi. Lokhu kwanele ukuhambisa umhlabathi 40-50 cm
Ukuxhuma - ukwamukelwa okudingekayo kwe-agronomic, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezincane. Esikhathini esizayo, ungahlwanyela sideratami noma ugcine umhlaba embuthanweni ngaphansi komoya omnyama.
Ubuningi obuhlaza obunamanzi noma utshani-hay buvimbela ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kobumswakama futhi kudala izimo ezikhangayo zomsebenzi wemifino emhlabathini ekhulula inhlabathi.
Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokulungisa kahle umuthi we-apula bese wenza umqhele.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Umuthi omncane ungabangela umonakalo omkhulu. amacimbi nama-weevilsukudla amaqabunga amancane. Kudingeka ziqoqwe ngesandla futhi ziqothulwe ngokungenangqondo.
Uma ukufika phakathi kwemigqa amambulela amasikoIsibonelo, i-dill, izovela abagibeli be-waspukubhubhisa izinambuzane eziningi zokuncelisa nokugaya.
Lapho evela ama-aphid (amaqabunga eziqongweni ze-curl) ihlumela amanzi ngensipho (ebhakedeni - 70 g).
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokumelene nezithelo zezithelo, amabhu, ama-apple, ama-haws kanye nezinsipho ngeke zilimale.
Imiphumela emihle yilethwa ngokupuniza ngezinambuzane namalungiselelo okutholakala kwesistimu:
- Insegar - ngokumelene nama-leafworms nama-moths;
- Zeon - ephephile izinyosi;
- I-Aktarom - ngokumelene nezinhlobo eziningana zezilokazane;
- I-Karbofos (ingahle isetshenziswe ngaphambi kokubhakabhaka, emva kokusila, inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna);
- I-Trichlorolum - 5 imelene nezinhlobo eziningana zezinambuzane;
- I-Benzophosphate (evumelekile okungaphezulu kwenyanga) iphephile izinyosi.
Umkhuhlane we-powdery zonke izitho zesitshalo ziyathinteka. Ekuqaleni kubonakala sengathi i-grey bloom, kamuva iphenduka insabala nokubonakala kwamachashazi amnyama amnyama.
Iqabunga liphenduka eliphuzi, umbala ubomile, izithelo aziboshiwe, ukukhula kwamahlumela kuyayeka.
Ukulwa nalokhu isifo sofungal i-apula ifakwe etsheni elincane "I-Topaz" noma "Ngokushesha".
Emva kokutshala nokuvuna, ukucubungula kwenziwa. oxychloride yethusi noma umngcele we-Bordeaux. Amahlamvu awile ashiswa.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya kubonakala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni-Julayi. Ukukhula konyaka kunciphisa, amaqabunga aphenduka amnyama.
Isihlahla uyafa eminyakeni emibili. Lokhu ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesingozi kakhulu isakazwa nge-cuttings yomakhelwane kanye nezithombo, ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane.
Kulezi zindlela zokulawula kuphela ukuvimbela kuyaziwa:
- Ukukhishwa kanzima kwamathuluzi engadini,
- I-Copper sulfate circle processing
- Ukutshisa izihlahla ezithintekile
- Ukulawula izinambuzane,
- Izinto zokutshala ezempilo.
I-Cytosporosis kuthinta amagxolo e-apula, okwenza ukuba yome futhi ife.
Ukuze ulwisane nalo, sebenzisa ukuphamba okuthathu. "Ikhaya" (ukuvuvukala kwefihlekile, ngaphambi kokuzimbali kanye emva kokuqhakaza).
Ngo-Agasti, yondla i-phosphorus ne-potassium ukuze kube ngcono i-aging bark. Amagatsha ase-shtamb namagatsha amhlophe agwetshiwe ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yesithelo kuxhomeke ekunakekeleni okufanele. Ukuze ukhule i-apula futhi uthole isivuno samandla ngisho nabalimi abaqalayo. Into esemqoka ukumnika ngokwanele isikhathi nothando.
