Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apala ze-apala zithela izithelo ezimnandi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ascorbic acid.
Ama-apula anezimfanelo ezingavamile zempahla futhi athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi.
Uma ubufuna ukwaziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-apala apula - incazelo, isithombe, umlando wokukhetha, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane - uze uze endaweni efanele.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Apple Scala ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zekwindla yokuphela kwetafula. Kubhekwa isivuno esikhulu., ubunzima bebusika kanye nokuzivikela kwesikhumba. Ukulondolozwa kwezithelo ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube yizinyanga ezintathu, noma kunjalo, kuxhomeke ekugcineni okufanele kwama-apula:
- ukushisa okudingekayo okuhle - kusuka -2 ° kuya ku +1 °;
- ukugcinwa emabhokisini enkuni noma eziqukathi;
- umswakama wesihlobo 90-95%;
- sizing izithelo ngobukhulu nokuhlunga ama-apula.
I-apple ye-Scala ayikwazi ukuvota impova, ivela empoveni wezimbali ze-apula kolunye uhlobo.
Okungcono, izitshalo zezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ekude kwamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Scala
Ukubonakala kwe-apula ebonakala ngokukhula okuphakathi, umqhele okhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nezithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obuphakathi nendawo. Ngezansi ungabona isithombe se-apula wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Scala bese ufunda incazelo eningiliziwe.
Ukukhula okuphansi, okujwayelekile, ukuphakama okuphakathi, nokunethezeka, hhayi umqhele okhulu kakhulu.
Amagatsha anamandla, ngokuqondene ne-trunk atholakala nge-angle ekhulu, i-gray. Amagxolo anesibhakabhaka nge-gray tinge, i-scaly. Amahlumela angama-pubescent, aphakathi nendawo, anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Uhlobo oluxubile lwe-Fruiting. Iqabunga elisezingeni eliphakathi ne-nervous ebonakalayo, isimo se-oblong nesiphetho esincane, umbala obala obala. Ingqikithi yeshidi iluhlaza. I-inflorescence pink ene-free of petals.
Izithelo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Scala zikhulu, zincipha kancane. Emthini ukhule ama-apula ofana nobukhulu obufanayo. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-apula 250 amagremu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ubuningi be-fetus bangafinyelela futhi 320 amagremu. Umumo we-apula ulungile, ulinganisa. Izimbambo zinomoya omnene.
Isikhumba sinobucwebe, hhayi obukhulu ngaphandle kokumbozwa kwe-wax, eyomile. I-apula ngaphandle kokugqwala. Umbala wesithelo uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-topcoat ebomvu. Inyama i-white-white, i-granular consistency, i-juicy ne-modest dense. Ukudla elimnandi nelomuncuIt has flavor apple flavor. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Organoleptic yesithelo sezinhlobonhlobo ze-Scala - 4.3.
Isithombe
Ukwakhiwa kwama-chemical:
- I-Sahara - cishe ngo-12%;
- Iziqhingi Ezomile - cishe 15%;
- I-Ascorbic kuya-leyo - kufika ku-30 mg ku-100 g;
- Iziqhingi ezisebenzayo R - 200 mg nge-100 g
Umlando wokuzala
I-apple isihlahla esihlukahlukene u-Scala wazalwa ngenxa yomfuyi Savelyev N.I. Kutholakele ku-All-Russian Research Institute ye-Genetics kanye nokuzala izithelo zezithelo okuthiwa emva kuka-I. Michurin, ngokuwela izinhlobo - Bessmyanka kanye Prima.
Isifunda sokusabalalisa
I-Apple-tree Scala isetshenziswe esifundeni lapho ikhethiwe khona, isakazeke esifundeni saseTambov. Noma kunjalo, lezi zihlukahlukene zihambisana kahle kwezinye izindawo. Uma isimo sezulu singakanele ngokwanele, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukutshala isihlahla.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobo ze-apala ze-Scala ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha emva kokutshala.
Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka kamuva - eminyakeni engu-7-8.
Izithelo zokuvuthwa ziwela phakathi no-September.
Isikhathi sabathengi sisukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya phakathi kukaDisemba..
Isivuno esivamilephezulu
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Isivuno kanye nobukhulu bezithelo ze-apula ezihlukahlukene ze-Scala zixhomeke ngqo ekunakekeleni. Lapho utshala isihlahla usebenzisa umquba omdala. Ukunakekela i-apula akudingi umzamo omkhulu.
Ukuze umuthi ukhule uqinile, unempilo futhi unhle, into yokuqala okudingekayo ukukhetha isiflethi esifanele. Kufanele kube:
- ngesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile;
- uthenge endaweni lapho kunezimo ezifanayo zezulu;
- osemncane, bese eshintsha ngokushesha emhlabathini endaweni akhulile ngayo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ngokuvamile zitshalwe ezinkathini ezintathu:
- ekwindla;
- ihlobo;
- entwasahlobo.
Lapho ukhetha izithombo ngesistimu evulekile kungcono ukukhetha isikhathi sokutshala.
Emva kokuthenga izithombo kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala i-apula:
- indawo enelanga;
- ukungabi nomoya;
- izindawo zokutshala kufanele zikhishwe kahle;
- inhlabathi iyinkunzi;
- Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise inhlabathi ye-loamy noma inhlabathi;
- gwema izindawo lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze khona;
- ukulungisa kahle umgodi wokufika.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kunayo yonke ekuqhubeni ukufika lapho kulungiswa izimbobo zokufika.
Njengoba izinhlobo ze-Scala ziyisihlahla esikukhula, kudingekile ukulungisa izimbobo ezilinganisa u-70 x 60 cm, ebangeni elingamamitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ingqimba engenhla yomhlaba oqoshiwe ixubene nesendlalelo esingaphansi kanti umanyolo olandelayo uqaliswa:
- 18-20 kg yemifino yamahhashi;
- 250 amagremu ezinkuni;
- 250 g we-superphosphate;
- 100 amagremu we-potassium sulfate.
Umgodi ugcwele ingxube yomhlaba ngomanyolo we-2/3. Kusukela phezulu bathululela inhlabathi evundile ngaphandle kwemanyolo. Ukulungiswa komgodi wokufika kuphelile, uhlume ngokucophelela isithombo bese usibopha emgodini wezinkuni nomuntu wesishiyagalombili.
Sibophezele emgodleni esibamba umuthi we-apula iminyaka emibili. Ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala, entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele owenziwe umuthi we-apula. Ukusika okubalulekile kwenziwa ukuze udale umqhele futhi uqondise umuthi ukuba usebenzise kahle amandla awo.
Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala kudingekile ukwakha umqhele ohlelweni oluthile: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uthathe amagatsha kuphela ekhoneni elibukhali, ubophe abanye ukuze balondoloze isiqondiso esinqunyiwe.
Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ekupheleni kwegatsha ngalinye. Kuyinto efiselekayo eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu ukunikeza izithelo ze-apula ukwakha (kubalulekile ukukhetha 80-100% yezimbali). Ngonyaka wokuqala ngo-Ephreli, izihlahla kufanele zixiliswe ngezingxube ezivikela izilokazane. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kabili:
- lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuvukala emagatsheni;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
I-apula eqhubekayo ayidingi umanyolo okhethekile. Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva kokutshala:
- ukubopha izihlahla ukuvikela emagundeni kanye nezinhlamvu (impahla - isikhumba, lapnik);
- ukuxubana nemibuthano ye humus pristvolnyh;
- ukuphakama komhlaba kuze kube ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angamashumi amabili.
Ukunisela ngamasonto onke okudingekayo ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izihlahla ze-Scala zibhekene nokuphikiswa okukhulu kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo zinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, elichaza ukuthi izifo ezihlukahlukene ziphikisana ne-scab. Izihlahla ze-Apple zivame ukubhekana nezifo ezilandelayo:
- izithelo ukubola;
- izimpumputhe ezibabayo.
Izithelo Rot - Isifo sohlobo lwefayalini, oluwela phakathi phakathi komntwana nge-cracks kanye namanxeba adalwe ngaphambilini izilwane, isichotho noma enye indlela.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala ukubonakala kwesikhumba esibomvu esikhumbeni se-apula, esizokhula kuze kube yilapho i-apula ibolile ngokuphelele.
Izibhamu ezinzima ngokuvamile kuvame ngenxa ye-calcium enganele ngokwanele emhlabathini, ukulinganisa ngokweqile kwamanyolo we-nitrogen, umswakama ophezulu, isikhathi sokuvuna sekwephuzile, nezimo zokugcina ezingafanele. Lesi sifo sibonakala njengamabala omnyama agxilile futhi sithinta ingane yakho ngezindlela ezimbili:
- esihlahleni;
- ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwezihlahla ze-apula ukuvimbela lesi sifo.
Izinyathelo eziningi eziphelele ezinomthelela wokuvimbela kusuka ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ze-apula izinhlobo ze-Scala:
- impova ye-sulfur colloidal kanye nama-copper;
- ukubhujiswa kwezakhi ezithintekile;
- ukufaka umquba we-potash nohlobo lwe-phosphorus;
- umlotha wenhlabathi;
- ukwakheka komqhele;
- feed nge umquba umquba;
- I-calcium chloride yokuphalaza ngenkathi yokukhula;
- isivuno esifike ngesikhathi;
- isitoreji esifanele sama-apula (bheka ngenhla).
Izinhlobo ze-apala ze-Scala zinokuvunwa okuphezulu nokujwayelekile.
Inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke izifo ezihlukahlukene yi-immununity yayo ephezulu yokugaya kanye nezinye izifo ze-fungal..
Njengoba kulungiswa okukhethekile, isitsha sesitshalo sizokhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Isihlahla asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Izithelo zifanele ukusetshenziswa okusha, futhi kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni amaju, compotes, jam, jam, jelly.
