Ukukhulisa isithelo sensimu yase-apula eSiberia kwakuvame ukubhekwa njengento engavamile. Ngenxa yomsebenzi omude nabahlukumezayo wababelethi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziye zavela ezivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu ezibuhlungu.
Enye yezinhlobonhlobo zezintandokazi zabalimi baseSiberia kubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apple "Pavlusha".
Uhlobo luni?
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalolu hlobo, kuye ngokuthi isifunda sokulima, zingaba yizinhlobo zombili zasehlobo nasehlobo sehlobo. Ukukhiqiza izihlahla ngonyaka nokuningi. Iphezu kwesilinganiso se-frost ukumelana, ukungena kwesithwathwa kunzima kakhulu kubanda, kodwa ngemva kwesizini izihlahla zibuyiselwe ngokugcwele. Ezihlukahlukene yi-skoroplodny, isivuno sokuqala sitholwa okwesithathu, unyaka wesine. Ukulwa nesifo sofuba.
Izithelo zinomnandi omuhle nephunga elimnandi. Isikhathi sokugcina sincane: kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Ukuze ulondoloze eliphezulu futhi ulondoloze isikhathi eside ama-apula, kutuswa ukuba ugcine imithetho ethile:
- ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa alikho ngaphezu kwe-degree eyodwa Celsius;
- ukuhlunga izithelo ngekhwalithi nobukhulu;
- ukubeka emashalofini noma emabhokisini kwesinye, izingqimba ezimbili, izingqimba ezintathu;
- ukusetshenziswa kwephepha noma i-sawdust yezihlahla zezithelo, ngaphandle kokuxhumana kwezithelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zezimbali "I-Pavlusha" idinga impova. Kuze kube sekugcineni, kungenzeka ukhethe okukhethile noma izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukukhethwa kwama-pollinator best, isibonelo, u-Antonovka noPapirovka, kunomthelela ekwakheni inombolo enkulu yama-ovari. Into eyinhloko ukuthi lezi kufanele zibe izibonelo eziwusizo nge-fruiting yaminyaka yonke kanye nezimbali zesikhathi esisodwa. Uma kungekho isikhala esanele ensimini ukuhlwanyela izinhlobo eziningana, impova yemithi eyodwa ye-apula izovela emithini engomakhelwane yezdimu ezungezile.
Incazelo izinhlobo Pavlusha
Isihlahla esinomqhele we-pyramidal we-thickness isilinganiso sifinyelela ubude bamamitha amathathu nobubanzi bamamitha angu-2.5.
Ngokuqondile, amagatsha angatholakali atholakala. Izithelo ezakhiwe ngendlela elula neyinkimbinkimbi ye-annuli enamahlumela ashisayo emifushane emifushane.
Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-oval amakhulu afana nesiphetho esinqunyiwe, i-bumpy, emaphethelweni aphikisiwe. Ngaphansi kwesitembu kuyinhloko enkulu ye-crescent.
Izithelo zigcwele, ziboshwe, zifakwe kancane, zihlelwe esihlahleni esifushane. Ama-apula aphuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamahlumela amancane e-pink, amachashazi amancane abonakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Izinga lokuphakama kwesisindo kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-110 amagremu, kuye ngokuthi indawo enhle yomuthi kusayithi kanye nemibandela yokunakekelwa.
Pulp nge-medium mass, granular, juicy, ukhilimu umbala. Isithelo sinomnandi futhi sinomuncu. Ihluke amaphesenti aphezulu wezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, njengezo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula ezivulelwe iSiberia.
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "Pavlusha" zakhiwe abakhiqizi be-Research Institute of Horticulture yaseSiberia okuthiwa yi-M. Liesavenko ngo-1961 yi-free pollination yezinhlobonhlobo "Borovinka" esivele ikhulelwe ngezinhlobo zebusika-eziqinile, enye yazo "i-Autumn Joy of Altai".
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Umakhelwane emasimini ase-Altai Territory, wathuthela esuka e-Urals waya eMpumalanga Ekude.
Izithombo ezintsha zamukelwa ukuhlolwa ngamapulazi okuhlola eBarnaul, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk.
Naphezu kobusika obukhulu obusika obunamapulangwe okuthiwa "Pavlusha", kwaphawula ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwezinkuni ku-frost kunama-42 ° C. Ukukhulisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene emahlathini e-aperi wase-Siberia kwakunemiphumela emihle kakhulu: ukuvutha kwe-trunk kwakungekho neze.
Ukuthela
Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka kancane kancane: kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti futhi kuqhubeka inyanga. I-Fruiting yonyaka, ngokulinganisela. Ukwanda kwenzalo kungakghona ukufezekisa ukusebenza okusemthethweni kweenqubo ze-agrotechnical. Ngokwesilinganiso, u-12-15 kg we-apula ususwa emthini owodwa, umphumela omkhulu ufike ku-kilogram 41.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Izitshalo zaseSiberia zihlwanyelwe kahle entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ivunguza futhi iyancibilika ngokuphelele.
Izihlahla ze-Autumn ezingathathwa izimpande zisengozini yokuqhwaza.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhula emhlabathini ovundile we-loamy.
Indlela yokutshala ezimweni ezibandayo ihluke kwizinga elilodwa lokuthi izimpande zezithombo azijulisiwe, kepha zanda phezu kwesiqongo esilungisiwe ngaphambili, silele ebusweni ngenhla. Emhlabathini kufanele kube yilamanzi. Uma ukhethe indawo efanelekile kulesi sakhiwo, ubole imbobo eyi-60 cm ejulile no-1 m ububanzi. Gcwalise imfucumfucu enenkuni enempilo, ukumboza enye inhlabathi esele, kanye no-30 cm nohlaka olulodwa lomhlabathi nomanyolo olungiselelwe.
Inhlabathi yobumba idinga ukuguzwa kahle ngokufakwa kwesihlabathi somfula kanye namanyolo adingekayo. Ukwanele ukwenza amabhakede amabili ama-humus kanye no-60 g we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Inhlabathi enomhlabathi engafaneleki izihlahla ze-apula zivaliwe nge-nitrate.
Ngaphambi kokutshala isiqu, isigxobo samapulangwe esingamamitha ayi-1 phezulu sinezinyosi phakathi nendawo. Isisekelo sembewu kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-sprig eningizimu, ngaphandle kwalokho isikhathi se-fruiting sizolibalelwa iminyaka embalwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungahlali entanyeni yonke yomuthi, kancane kancane uholela ekufeni kwakhe.
Emhlabathini owutshalwe ukwenza i-roller yebumba yokugcina amanzi futhi uthele kakhulu. Ukugaya inhlabathi ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-crust, okuvimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oksijini ezimpandeni.
Ukudubula
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sale nqubo isentwasahlobo.
Lapho usemncane, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula komuthi bese ukwandisa ubukhulu besithelo. Ukuze i-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene ngekhanda elincane, ukusika izihlahla kuncane kakhulu; ungakwazi ukususa amahlumela ancintisana namagatsha amakhulu nomqhele okhulayo ngaphakathi.
Into esemqoka akushiye ukushiya inhlanzi esikhundleni sezimpande ezikude.
Ekuqothulweni kokuqala kwesihlahla esincane kuze kuphele iminyaka engama-3, amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu ancishiswe ngama-40 cm, esikhathini esizayo - ngo-15-20 cm. Kubalulekile ukumboza izindawo zokusikeka nge-pitch pitch, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa u-graxing wax noma i-mastic kaDolmatov, ephilisa amanxeba futhi ungaphazamisi. Izihlahla zasentwasahlobo zivame ukusika izihlahla ezinomile emithini yabantu abadala.
Ukunisela nokudla
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asondeza lesi sitshalo ngomswakama wonke ihlobo; ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezomile, kuthatha amalitha amanzi angamatshumi amane ukunisela umuthi owodwa we-apula.
Isici sokunisela kwezinhlobo zaseSiberia kuyindlela yokunisela umqhele kusuka phezulu njengemvula.
Uma ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqaliswa ngokunisela, eduze kwesiqu ebangeni elingu-1 imitha benza ukucindezeleka futhi bathululele amanzi ngaphandle kokuthinta umuthi ngokwawo.
Njengokwengeza kwezimo zezulu ezimbi, umanyolo uvame ukufakwa enhlabathini: peat, superphosphate, humus. Ukukhula kahle kwesitoreji esincane kudinga i-nitrogen.
Ukunakekelwa kwebusika
Ekwindla, lapho umuthi ungena ebusika, umhlabathi owuzungezile kumele uguqulwe futhi kancane kancane uhlanganiswe ne-humus, peat ungqimba kuze kube ngu-20 cm ukuze ugweme ukuqhwaza kwesiqu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izenzo zabalimi zikhula kanjani futhi zinakekele ingadi yazo, izihlahla zivame ukutholakala nezifo nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhathalela izimo ngezixazululo ezikhethekile. ukuvimbela izifo, ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwezinambuzane eziyingozi nokulwa nazo.
Ikhalenda lokupuniza i-apula lizokusiza ukuthi uhlole isikhathi sezenzakalo ezizayo.
Spring:
| Ngaphambi kwefihlekile Sula emazingeni okushisa ngaphezu kuka-5 ° C | Ukuvimbela izifo ze-fungal, ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane ezasinda ebusika | I-sulfate ye-Copper, i-DNOC noma i- nitrafen |
| Isikhathi sokumbali | Ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokuvimbela izifo | I-Bordeaux ingxube, izixazululo zethusi noma i-vitriol yensimbi, i-chlorophos (ngokumelene ne-weevils kanye nezibungu) ukumiswa kwe-sulfur colloidal (uma unesifo samakhaza) |
| Ukubhujiswa kwama-Leaf Screws nama-Coppers | Isixazululo se-Chlorophos | |
| Ukuqothulwa kwamacimbi, izithelo zezithelo zezithelo zezithelo, i-sucker, ama-aphid, amakhiwane | Urea (karbofos) | |
| Ukuqothulwa kwamacimbi okudla amaqabunga | Ukumiswa kwe-Ectobacterin | |
| Ngemuva kwezimbali | Phonsa ngokumelene ne-scab kanye nezinambuzane (izibungu, ama-sawflies, izibungu kanye namacimbi ama-butterflies nama-moths) | I-Bordeaux ingxube, irea, i-cupro yethusi, i-sulphate yensimbi |
| Izinsuku ezingu-15-20 emva kokusakazeka | Sula izingqungquthela ezihlangene ngokumelene ne-apple moth, i-gnawing kanye nezinambuzane ezincelisayo, isikhala | 1. I-Chlorophos + karbofos. 2. Ukumiswa kwe-powder DDT + urea |
Ihlobo
| Uma kunesidingo | Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane | I-Karbofos, i-Intavir nezinye. Ama-insecticide |
| Ukulwa nezifo zefungal | Amalungiselelo ane-Copper ane-add of soap |
I-autumn
| Ngemuva kokuqoqa izithelo kuze kufike amahlamvu | ukuvimbela izifo nokubhujiswa kwezinambuzane zasebusika | Isixazululo seCarbofos |
Umgomo wanoma yisiphi isilimu ukudala ingadi enhle ezokhiqiza isivuno esihle.
Ngokutshala nokukhuphula i-apula yesihlahla se-Pavlusha, unganikeza umndeni wakho izithelo ezihlwabusayo futhi ezinempilo ezifanele ukusetshenziswa okusha, ku-juicing nokusetshenziswa ekuphekeni.
