Uma ufuna amapheya akhule ekhayeni lakho lasehlobo izinhlobo Svetlyanka, udinga ukuziqonda ngokucophelela ngezici eziyinhloko zalezi zihlukahlukene, kanye nokutshala nokunakekela izihlahla.
Incazelo ephelele yazo zonke izici zezinhlobonhlobo nesithombe ozothola ukuthi yini eliphakathi kwe-Svetlyanka elibukeka ngayo kulesi sihloko esilandelayo.
Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?
Izintandokazi ezithathwe zithiwa kuya ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ekwindla yamapheyangoba izithelo zawo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kakade ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ngokusho kohlobo lwe-fruiting, lezi zihlukahlukene zamapheya zibhekisela kuhlobo oluxubile.
Izinhlobo ze-Autumn nazo zihlanganisa: U-Talgar ubuhle, uTatyana, uBere Bosk, i-Larinskaya ne-Perun.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Izisebenzi ezinjalo ze-GNU All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants okuthiwa emva I.V. Michurin, njengoSp. Yakovlev, P.N. Yakovlev no-A. P. Gribanovsky.
Bawela i-pear ehlukahlukene Isifuyo sikaClapp futhi hybrid isithombo Ussurian Cha Bere Ligel, okwenza kube umkhiqizo omusha.
Ngo-2002 wavunyelwa ukuba akhule Isifunda esiPhakathi.
Amapheya ahle kakhulu ekutshaleni kulesi sigaba: Iparele le-Duchess, i-Chudesnitsa, i-fairytale, i-Silent Don noJanuwari.
Incazelo izinhlobo Svetlyanka
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.
Isihlahla
Izinhlobo zemithi ziyahlukahluka ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kanye nomqhele okhazimulayoube nomumo amapiramidi. Banikeza amahlumela abushelelezi obukhulu obuphakathi nobukhulu obomvu obunombala obunamahloni ahlukahlukene. Ukufihleka okuncane kunesimo se-cone.
Amaqabunga alawa mithi ayinama-oval and medium in size. Ngoba iqabunga leqabunga libhekwa ngokuba khona kwezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphansi emaphethelweni kanye nokunciphisa kancane phezulu. Kuyinto eluhlaza futhi bushelelezi. Ama-scapes amancane ane Ubude obude.
Isithelo
Isisindo esijwayelekile sesithelo kusuka amagremu angu-90 kuya kwangu-120.
Izithelo izici ukuma okuzungezile kwesibhakabhaka nesikhumba esisheleleene-wax yokukhanya. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo, izithelo zikhona umbala ophuzi ophuzi futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi kancane lishintsha umbala igolide ephuzi.
Endaweni encane yesithelo, umuntu angabona umbala wokumboza ongenalutho, onombala obomvu.
Izithelo zeSvetlyanka izinhlobo zamapheya zineziqu ze-oblique nesiqu esincane. Ngaphakathi kwesithelo kukhona imbewu emnyama.
I-creamy oily fruit pulp ibonakala ngobuciko obuphakathi nobunqunu.
Kuyinto evamile kuye akukho granulation kanye juiciness. I-Pulp inayo ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu nokukhanya okumnandi okumnandi. Ngokunambitha izithelo eziphakathi kwe-pear Izinhlobo ze-Svetlyanka zilinganiswa kumaphuzu angu-4.5.
Isithombe
Izici
Eminyakeni engu-5-6 emva kokufika ungalindela ukuthi izithelo zizovela ephakathi kweSvetlyanka. Izithelo zivuthiwe ekuqaleni kuka-september, futhi ungawagcina izinsuku ezingu-90.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubonakala kuhle isivuno nokuhle kakhulu kweqhwa ukumelananjengekhono ukumelana namazinga okushisa amaqanda kuze kube ngu-35 degrees Celsius. I-Svetlyanka ayidingi i-pearl pollinator.
Hera, Krasulia, Dekabrinka, uDessert Rossoshanskaya noKarataevskaya nabo babonisa ukumelana okuhle neqhwa.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-pear Svetlyanka ekwindlakodwa uma ufuna ukugibela entwasahlobo, khona-ke kuzodingeka ulungise izimbobo ngalokhu ekwindla.
Okuhle kunazo zonke, lezi zihlahla zizozizwa enhlabathini evulekile, ezenza kube lula ukuthola umoya nomswakama kuzimpande. Kuhle uma inhlabathi iqukethe ubumba, okuzosiza umswakama ukuba uhlale eduze nezimpande zomuthi.
Izitshalo zokutshala kumele zilungiswe emanzini, kodwa hhayi izindawo ezishisayo kakhulu ingadi yakho. Ukujula komgodi wokufika kufanele kube cishe ngamasentimitha angu-40-50, nobubanzi - cishe imitha elilodwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izimbiza zitholakale kusukela eningizimu, entshonalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Inhlabathi ekhishwe emgodini kumele ixubane nemifuno ephilayo, okungenzeka ibe ngumhlabathi obolile. umquba, i-peat noma umquba, kanye nama-fertilizer amaminerali, afaka phakathi i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Emhlabathini we-acidic kuyadingeka engeza i-lime kanye nomuthi wokhuni.
Okokuqala udinga ukwenza intaba encane yomhlabathi phansi komgodi, phakathi kwawo shayela isikhonkwane. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukufaka isitsha emgodini bese usakaza ngokucophelela izimpande zawo phezu kwesiqongo. Ukumboza umgodi ngomhlaba bese uwunqamula phansi nge-slam.
Masinyane emva kokutshala, yenza isihlahla nxazonke. i-roller yebumba bese uthele amabhakede amabili amanzi lapho. Uma ixhunyiwe, ukuxubha inhlabathi bese ubopha isihlahla esihlahleni, hhayi okuningi ukuyidonsa.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunisela lezi zihlahla ukufafaza, kodwa ungabuye uthele amanzi emgodini owumbumbwe nxazonke zomjikelezo womuthi. Ngomitha owodwa wesigcawu wombuthano wombuthano kuyoba khona amabhakethi amathathu amanzi.
Enye yezici ze-Svetlyanka ezihlukahlukene eziphakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ziwumkhuba wokunciphisa ubukhulu besithelo lapho umqhele ukhula, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuwuthena njalo.
Ncoma inhlabathi lapho iphakathi elikhula khona i-Svetlyanka, Umanyolo wezinyosi uyanconywa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, kanye namaminerali omanyolo kufanele kwenziwe ngonyakakusukela ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala izihlahla.
Qaphela! Izinhlobonhlobo zinokumelana nokushisa okukhulu, ngakho ebusika lezi zihlahla azikwazi ukumbozwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Hlunga unezinyathelo ezikhulayo kuzo zonke izifo ezaziwayo zamapheya kanye nezinambuzaneNgakho-ke, izihlahla zalolu hlobo aludingi ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe.
Ukuphikiswa kwezifo kuboniswa yizinhlobo ezinjalo: Lyra, Rogneda, Bere Bosk, Lada, noPet Yakovlev.
Izithelo zepear ye-grade ye-Svetlyanka zinezici ezinhle zokunambitheka futhi ziyasetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni ama-preforms ahlukahlukene. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabo kuphela ukuthi uma kwenzeka isitoreji sesikhathi eside, ezinye izithelo zingaqala ukubola.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela encane yokubuyiswa kwemali inxephezelwa yizinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwepeyari, njengokunciphisa izifo nezifo ezinhle kakhulu zokumelana nesithwathwa.
