Amathanga engadini atshalwe zombili izithombo kanye nembewu. Vele, uma kunokwenzeka, khetha inketho yembewu, ngoba ilula kakhulu. Kepha inkathi yokukhula ezinhlotsheni eziningi yinde kangangokuba eningizimu kuphela lapho ungacishe wenze njalo ngaphandle kwezithombo. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ukuhlwanyela imbewu engadini akuyona into engenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke kufanele uhlwanyele imbewu emabhodweni futhi ukhule izithombo, bese uyidlulisela emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukukhetha nokuklanywa kwenhlabathi namathangi okufika
Ithanga nganoma yisiphi ubudala kubuhlungu kakhulu ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlwanyela imbewu ebhokisini elivamile kuyingozi enkulu: ngeke kube lula ukukhipha izithombo kuyo ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela izinkomishi ezihlukile; kunembile kakhulu ukusho izimbiza, ngoba leli lungelo kufanele libe ubuncane belitha. Ngempela, enyangeni lapho izithombo zizosala ebhodweni, ikhula ngesimo sesihlahla esiqinile impela, futhi izimpande zayo zihlala kulo lonke ivolumu elinikezwe zona.
Ungasebenzisa izingilazi ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo yobisi yalokhu kuphela njengezinyathelo sokugcina: noma kuzo kunzima ukuthola izitshalo ngaphandle kokulimala. Kungcono ukuthatha amabhodwe angasebenza kabusha ngephansi elingabuyiselwa emuva, futhi into enhle kakhulu yizimbiza ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Izinkomishi zephepha elenziwe ekhaya nazo ziyindlela yokukhetha, ngoba iphepha lingadatshulwa kalula lapho utshala izitshalo embhedeni wengadi. Uma ufisa ukutshala ebhokisini elilodwa elijwayelekile, izithombo ezikuzo kufanele zikhululeke: iphathini yokuhlwanyelwa ayinkulu kune-15 x 15 cm.
Kuwo wonke amabhodwe we-peat atholakalayo wethanga, udinga ukukhetha enkulu kunazo zonke
Uma inhlabathi ithengwa esitolo, kufanele ukhethe konke (kuyo yonke inhlobo yemifino), noma eyodwa ehloselwe ukhukhamba, igama elithi "ithanga" kwiphakheji liqabukela kakhulu. Kodwa akunzima ukulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi ngokwakho, uma kunezithako ezifanele. Ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu yi-peat, humus ne-sawdust (ecishe ijikeleze ngokuphelele) ku-2: 1: 1. Ungangeza ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni noma isipuni se-azofoska ebhakedeni lengxube enjalo, bese uhlanganisa kahle.
Izithombo zamathanga azivami ukugula, kepha uma kunokungabaza ngenhlalakahle yezakhi ezisetshenziselwa inhlabathi, kufanele ukuthi igonywe ngesonto ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, iniselwe kahle ngesixazululo pinki se-potanganum permanganate.
Ukugcwalisa izimbiza ngenhlanganisela etholakele, udinga ukukushiya isikhashana: kungenzeka ukuthi izithombo zizoba nesikhathi sokuelula (udinga iso neso ngakho!), Khona-ke kuzofanela ungeze inhlabathi ezimbizeni.
Ukukhetha imbewu nokulungiselela
Ezitolo ezikhethekile, ungakhetha imbewu yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwethanga, kepha ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe kumazoni. Isibonelo, amathanga amnandi kakhulu, ama-natimeg emendweni ophakathi kunzima ukukhula, ngokuvamile abe nesikhathi eside kakhulu sokukhula. Cishe wonke amafemu amakhulu manje athengisa imbewu esekulungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Futhi, okungenani, ukuhlwanyela imbewu yembewu yethanga ekhaya zezithombo, kunengqondo kancane ngandlela-thile ukuzicubungula: asikho isidingo sokusheshisa ukuhluma, kunesikhathi, futhi ngokubona ukungabi bikho kwezifo, imbewu ethengiwe manje ingathenjwa.
Kepha ithanga livame ukuhlwanyelwa imbewu yalo, kusukela ekuvuneni kwangaphambilini, futhi lokhu kunengqondo yayo: ukuqoqa imbewu kulula kakhulu, empeleni akubizi lutho, kugcinwe kahle, futhi zonke izinhlobo zendabuko zilungile kakhulu, ngakho-ke abahlali basehlobo abavamile ukubhekana ne-assortment. Kepha imbewu eqoqwe ngokuzimela kumele ilungiswe.
Okokuqala, udinga ukwazi ukuthi imbewu ingathathwa kuphela amathanga avuthwe ngokuphelele embhedeni: kuphela i-pulp ripenes ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa. Ithanga lokuqoqa imbewu kufanele libe liphilile, lijwayelekile ngosayizi abahlukahlukene. Kungcono ukumvumela alale phansi inyanga eyodwa iqoqwe ngaphansi kwezimo zasekamelweni, futhi kuphela lapho ugeza, usule bese usika ukukhipha imbewu. Akufanele ulinde isikhathi eside: ngesikhathi esithile, imbewu iqala ukumila ngaphakathi kwesithelo.
Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufike sekwephuzile ngokukhishwa kwezimbewu: kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika
Kulula ukukhipha imbewu, ngemuva kwalokho igezwa kusuka epulpiti ngamanzi at lokushisa lasekamelweni futhi yomile, ngokushesha kulahla okungafanele. Gcina emasakeni amaphepha ephepheni lokushisa lasekamelweni kanye nomswakama ongaphansi ophansi. Ukuhluma kwembewu yethanga kuphezulu iminyaka engama-6-9, kanti imbewu enhle yokutshala ineminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ziyahlolwa futhi zikhethwe ngobukhulu. Uma ungabaza, hlola kusengaphambili ukuthi ungahluma yini ngendlela evamile.
Ngaphezu kokulinganisa, ukulungiswa kwembewu yokutshala kungafaka:
- ukungasebenzi kwegciwane kwisisombululo esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate isigamu sehora;
- Ukushisa amahora amabili emanzini ngamazinga okushisa (50 ± 2) mayelanaC;
- ukuhluma ngendwangu emanzi kuze kufike imisila yokuqala;
- ukuqina esiqandisini izinsuku ezintathu noma ukuvezwa okuguquguqukayo ngalesi sikhathi kumakhaza okushisa nokubanda amakamelo ngokuvama kwamahora ayi-12;
- ukwelashwa ngezixazululo zomanyolo (thatha 2 wezipuni zomlotha no-0,5 g we-boric acid, i-sulfate yethusi ne-zinc sulfate ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi) amahora angu-6-7;
- ukwelashwa nge-biostimulants (0.5 g ye-succinic noma i-salicylic acid ku-1 l yamanzi) ngasikhathi sinye.
Isidingo salowo nalowo misebenzi singaphikiswa; mhlawumbe umphathi wensimu uzokhetha izigaba azibona zidingeka. Kepha uma umane uhlwanyele imbewu ngokufanele, ngokuqinisekile izohluma, amathanga akhule futhi akhiqize isivuno. Kuqinisekiswe iminyaka yokuhlola.
Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni ezigcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi kuze kube ngama-cm ayi-3-4. Imbewu ezi-2-3 zifakwa ebhodweni ngalinye, zibekwe kude ne-2-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukuthi ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi kokuqala kuyadingeka yini noma kulula ukukwenza ngemuva kokungcwaba imbewu, akubalulekile. Kuyelulekwa ukumboza amabhodwe ngezilimo ngengilazi noma ngefilimu esobala bese ubeka endaweni efudumele (enamazinga okushisa angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 mayelanaC)
Ukukhanya akudingi kukhanya ngempela ukuze kuqhume, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala emhlabathini: zikhula ngokoqobo “phambi kwamehlo”, futhi uma zingakhanyiswanga kahle, zizokwelula ngosuku lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-3-4 kuyadingeka ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa okungenani okungenani i-16-18 mayelanaC. Kulokhu, bancamela ukutshala izithombo zethanga ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ezindaweni ezigcina ukushiswa yilanga, ngaphandle kokuthi, kunjalo, basondele endlini futhi bangaqashwa ngesikhathi.
Uma ushiya izithombo zifudumele futhi zihwalile, ngezinsuku ezimbili zizophenduka imisila eyize engenamsebenzi
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, kuba sobala ukuthi iyiphi yazo enamandla kunazo zonke. Zishiywe, kanti ezinye zigawulwa ngokucophelela ngesikele: kungcono ukungakhiphi ngaphandle ukuze ungaphazamisi izimpande zezimila ezisele emabhodweni.
Izinsuku zokuzala
Uma kufika isikhathi sokutshala ithanga lezithombo, akunzima ukubala, kepha kufanele sikunake ukuthi umuntu angathembela kuphela ekubukweni isikhathi eside, futhi umuntu akufanele akwenze unyaka. Izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile cishe ngasikhathi sinye namatamatisi, okungukuthi, lapho usongo lweqhwa lunyamalala. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo lezi kuyizinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ukuqala kwehlobo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo kufanele kube nezinsuku ezingama-30- 35 ubudala, zingasadingeki: zizophuma. Ukungeza isonto kokuvela kwezithombo, sithola ukuthi ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Lesi yisikhungo saseRussia. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neningi le-Urals neSiberia, umnqamulajuqu usondezwa maphakathi noMeyi, futhi eningizimu - amasonto ambalwa ubheke ngaphesheya. Yize kunjalo, eningizimu, bambalwa abantu abatshala amathanga ngokusebenzisa izithombo, ngaphandle mhlawumbe kwezinhlobo zakamuva ezivuthiwe.
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yethanga yezithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo
Ukuze ukhule izithombo, udinga ukudala izimo zokukhanya okuhle nokushisa: ngezinsuku zokuqala ezintathu kuya kwezine ugcinwa epholile, bese kuthi ukufudumala kosuku okungaba ngu-22 kube kuhle mayelanaC, nobusuku - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-12 mayelanaC. Indlela elula yokwenza lezi zimo ku-greenhouse, futhi efulethini lezithombo, kubalulekile ukugqamisa i-sill ekhanyiselwe kunazo zonke. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala emabhodweni, izithombo kufanele zikhule zibe ngu-20-25 cm, kepha ngasikhathi sinye futhi zibe nesiqu esifushane kakhulu futhi esinyene, ezinqunywa ngezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe.
Uma izinsuku zokuqala bezingalungile, futhi ngemuva kwesonto izithombo zingumbono odabukisayo (amapheshana abuthaka esiqwini eside esincanyana), ungazama ukumsindisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, leyo ngxenye yesiqu, esukela emhlabathini iye emaqabunga e-cotyledon (idolo le-submucosal), ifakwa kwindandatho noma kuvulekile, icindezelwe ngokucophelela enhlabathini futhi imbozwe ngenhlabathi entsha kuze kube ngamaqabunga.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kwenziwa ngamanzi afudumele (25-30 mayelanaC), ngenkathi umswakama okweqile awemukeleki. Ukweqa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi emabhodweni kanye nokushona kwayo kuyingozi ngokulinganayo. Umswakama owengeziwe ukhulisa ingozi yokudweba izithombo, futhi ubangele nezifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta. Emhlabathini owomile, izitshalo ziyafisa ziyeke ukukhula.
Kunzima ukuphakamisa umbuso wokunisela: imvamisa nenani lamanzi kuncike ezintweni eziningi, umnikazi uqobo angakwazi ukucacisa uhlelo. Kepha kulula futhi kusiza kakhulu ukukhululeka kwamanzi kusihlwa: ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, izitshalo zizokwengeza ingxenyenamba edingekayo yamanzi etholwayo, bese okusele kusatshalaliswa umhlaba okungukuthi ngubani futhi - okwedlulele - kuzoba nesikhathi sokuhanjiswa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngenkathi ezimbizeni, izithombo zethanga zondliwa kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala lokhu kwenziwa isonto noma isigamu ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, okwesibili - ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-10. Ngokuyinhloko, uma inhlabathi iqukethe ama-humus amahle, izithombo zingakwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umquba nhlobo. Kepha ukwehla kokukhula kwayo nokwelulwa ngokungatholakali kwezinye izinkomba kukhombisa isidingo sokumsiza ngokudla okunempilo.
Indlela elula ukondla izithombo ngamakhompiyutha akhethekile ama-gourds. Lapho zingekho, zithatha i-azofoska (1.5 g ilitha lamanzi) noma ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein. Ngokusobala, ekhaya, abanikazi bazokhetha inketho yokuqala, kepha ku-greenhouse, i-mullein ithembeke ngokwengeziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kugcizelelwa usuku olu-1 emanzini ngokulingana kuka-1: 10, bese kuxutshwe ezinye izikhathi ezi-5 bese kuniselwa kancane izithombo emabhodweni ngesixazululo sezithako ezitholiwe.
Kwizithombo ezinhle, amaqabunga akhula cishe kusuka emhlabathini
Ngabe udinga izithombo zokuthosa izithombo
Ukuchonga izithombo zethanga ngomqondo wegama lakwamukelekile. Lapho ukhetha, ngokwesibonelo, izithombo zikatamatisi ziyasuswa ebhokisini, uziphine ngezimpande eziphakathi bese zitshalwa zibe zingilazi ezihlukile noma ibhokisi elikhudlwana. Kumathanga, ukusebenza okunjalo kuyabulala. Ukulimala okuncane ezimpandeni, uma kungabhubhisi izitshalo, ngakho-ke ngeke ulindele isivuno esihle kuzo.
Esimweni esibi kakhulu, uma izithombo ziba maningi kakhulu ebhodweni noma uma ukuhlwanyelwa sekwenziwe ebhokisini elijwayelekile, kufanele kususwe ngokucophelela ngenhlama yomhlaba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo lwezimpande bese kudluliselwa endaweni entsha. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuhle kakhulu ukuthulula amanzi afudumele futhi uwahlanze emthunzini oyingxenye izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izifo zethanga lezithombo nokuvikelwa kuzo
Izithombo zethanga akuvamile ukuthi zihlaselwe yizifo, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma ama-pathogen esethuliwe ngenhlabathi noma ngembewu. Endabeni yobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, izithombo ngokwazo zibhekana nezinkinga ezingaba khona. Ngokuvamile, izifo zezithombo ziyafana nezifo zezitshalo zabantu abadala, okulandelayo kutholakala kakhulu.
- I-bacteriosis ibonakaliswa amabala ansundu emaqabungeni nasezimpondweni, ukwanda kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokwenyuka komswakama womhlaba nomoya. Lapho kukhula izithombo ebhokisini elivamile, izinhlamvu ezinesifo zingaphansi kokubhujiswa okungenamibandela. Izimbiza ezinezitshalo ezinesifo kufanele zihlukaniswe futhi zizame ukwelapha izithombo: ngezigaba zokuqala, ukufafaza nge-Bordeaux liquid kungasiza.
Nge-bacteriosis, amaqabunga angumbono odabukisayo
- I-Root rot ngokuyinhloko ithinta izitshalo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi kwenzeka esimweni sokushisa esiphakeme nesokushisa okuguquguqukayo. Izimpande nezimpande ziba nsundu, bese kuba mnyama bese ziyeka ukukhula. Ukuvulwa kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokufakwa ngaphandle kokunisela ngokweqile ngamanzi abandayo kucishe kuqinisekise ukungabikhona kwalesi sifo, kodwa uma kwenzeka, kungcono ukubhubhisa izitshalo ezithintekile bese ufafaza okusele ngohlobo lwe-Bordeaux, ukungezelela endaweni yezimpande nokukhipha ngokucophelela inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo.
Ukubola kwezimpande kuholela ngokushesha ekufeni kwezitshalo
- I-Powdery hlobo - isishayo sazo zonke izilimo zamathanga, sizibonakalisa ngesimo se-white coating coating, okokuqala emaqabungeni bese kulandela amahlumela. Lesi sifo sinomthelela ekuntulekeni kokuswakama, okuhambisana nokuningi kokudla komsoco we-nitrogen. Amaqabunga anezifo eziningi kufanele anqunywe futhi izitshalo zifafazwe ngamalungiselelo we-sulfure we-colloidal.
I-Powdery mildew iyabonakala kalula
- I-mosaic ephuzi - isifo esibangelwa amagciwane, esibonakaliswa kuqala ngokuqhela kwamaqabunga, khona-ke ukubonakala kwezindawo ezinemibala kuzo. Ukulandela lokhu, amaqabunga ayagoba futhi omile. Ukwelashwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kubaqalayo ungafafaza izithombo ngokulungiselela iodine, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi kufanele uvume yona.
I-mosaic ephuzi ayibukeki iyisongo kakhulu, kepha isifo esiyingozi kakhulu
Ukutshala izithombo zethanga emhlabathini ovulekile
Ilungele ukutshala izithombo kufanele ibe cishe nenyanga ubudala, ibe okungenani nama-20 cm ukuphakama, ibe namaqabunga amakhulu amabili noma amathathu aluhlaza nesiga esifushane kodwa esibukhulu.
Awukwazi ukugcina izithombo emabhodweni izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingama-35, kuzoqala uku-nykat, kuthande futhi kudinga ukufakelwa! Ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini zokugcina zentwasahlobo noma zokuqala - ihlobo elisendleleni ephakathi nendawo, sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha kabusha izithombo engadini.
Izimbobo zethanga zilungiselelwe lapho imivimbo yokuthile inokunamathela khona, ngaphandle kwalokho ithanga lizodinga ukwaba isikhala esiningi. Ngisho nasendabeni yokudlulisa imivimbo engu-trellis, phakathi kwezimbobo akumele kube ngaphansi kwemitha, futhi uhlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu lokutshala amathanga luyi-2 x 1 m. Izimbobo ezifanele kunazo zonke zikwenza lokhu.
- Ezindaweni eziqokiwe, bamba izimbobo ezinobukhulu bebhakede elilodwa nohhafu, bathululela ibhakede le-humus kuzo, isigamu se-litha lomlotha, basigcwalise ngomhlabathi osuswe phezulu, uhlanganise kahle bese uwuthela emgqonyeni wamanzi afudumele.
- Emaphethelweni womgodi ubeke izinhlangothi ze-turf, ngamabhodi noma nge-peat kuze kufike ku-25 cm.
- Mboza imithombo ngefilimu epulasitiki eminyene, ufafaza imiphetho ngomhlabathi, bese uvumela ingxube yenhlabathi ivuthwe futhi ifudumele izinsuku eziningana.
Kungemva kwalokho kuphela, maphakathi nomgodi, kugawulwa umgodi kwifilimu eduzane nobubanzi bephedi le-peat, kugaywe umgodi omncane, kutholakale elinye ibhakede lamanzi afudumele, bese kuvunyelwe ukugcwala. Ngemuva kwalokho batshala "imbiza yezithombo" odakeni bese bayiphalaza kahle. Izithombo ezinhle zitshalwa ngaphandle kokujula, zikhule zize zikhule zijule kumaqabunga e-cotyledon.
Ifilimu lisale likhona kuze kube yilapho isimo sezulu sifudumele impela. Uma, ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokutshala, ukupholisa okuqinile kungenzeka, izithombo zimbozwa ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe. Ukunisela kwenziwa kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuze kube yilapho izithombo ziqina futhi zikhula.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zamathanga ngaphandle
Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwezithombo
Ukunakekela ithanga endaweni evulekile yomlimi onesipiliyoni kuyinto eyisisekelo, futhi okuqalayo angabhekana nakho kalula. Ngokuyisisekelo kungokunisela kuphela nokondla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukhula lwethanga luzofunda ukuzimina uqobo, futhi ukukhulula inhlabathi kungenzeka kuphela ekuqaleni, kuze kube yilapho izihlahla zikhula. Izitshalo zabantu abadala ezimweni zezulu ezijwayelekile ziyaniselwa njengoba kunesidingo: zona ngokwazo zibonisa ukuntuleka komswakama ngamaqabunga aqothulayo. Ezindaweni ezomile, kepha, kuvame ukuthi unisele kakhulu. Kepha ukubhala amanzi akwamukeleki: kubi kunokucima ukoma.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukuthambisa kusihlwa, ukuze amanzi afudumele elangeni phakathi nosuku. Ukunisela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali nokukhula kwezithelo okukhulu kubaluleke kakhulu.Lapho nje ukukhula kuncipha futhi amathanga eqala ukuvuthwa, ukuthambisa kuncishiswa kakhulu. Izitshalo zizokuphuthelwa umswakama lapho izimpande zawo ezinamandla zizithola zijula khona.
Uma izimbobo zokutshala zikhiqizwe kahle, kuzodingeka ukondle amathanga akukho okuphindwe kabili: owokuqala - cishe amasonto amathathu emva kokufakelwa, owesibili - ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Kungcono ukuthulula isisombululo sezakhi emiseleni emincane eyenziwe ngefolishi eceleni komphetho womgodi wokufika ngaphambili. Gcoba nomanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi (cishe i-15 g ngesitshalo ngasinye) noma ukumfakwa kwe-mullein (ibhakede le-mullein lithululelwa amanzi, lifakwa ngosuku, bese luhlanjululwa amahlandla ama-5). Leli bhakede kufanele lanele ngezihlahla ezi-6,5. Ngezikhathi ezithile, inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ibhuqwa ngomlotha wokhuni.
Lapho isiqu esikhulu sikhula sibe yimitha eyodwa nesigamu, sinciphise, okwenza sikwazi ukukhula amahlumela akamuva, lapho izithelo zizoboshelwa khona. Ungashiyi amahlumela angaphezu kuka amathathu futhi, ngokufanele, akukho ngaphezu kwamathanga amathathu kwisitshalo ngasinye. Amahlumela uqobo aphinwe emhlabathini ezindaweni eziningana, anikeze ithuba lokuvela izimpande ezingeziwe. Uma amathanga engakhiwe hhayi kusekela, khona-ke ngaphansi kwamabhodi ezithelo kuvimbela ukubola ekuxhumaneni nomhlabathi.
Ithanga ezifundeni eziseningizimu zingatshalwa ngokutshala imbewu engadini, futhi ezifundeni zesikhungo nasenyakatho yezwe izithombo zivame ukulungiswa ngaphambi. Lokhu kulula, kepha kuyinselele. Kodwa ukuthola imikhiqizo yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kuqinisekisiwe, noma ngabe isimo sezulu sinjani: vele, into esemqoka ukuthi ithanga kufanele libe nezinyanga zasehlobo ezanele zokuvuthwa.
