Abantu bakhula izingadi ukuze bajabulele ubuhle entwasahlobo nasehlobo, futhi ekwindla ukuthola isivuno esifaneleka sezithelo ezihlwabusayo.
Uma izinambuzane zihlala kulezi zindidi, ungalahlekelwa izithelo, ngisho nensimu ngokwayo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple, kanye nezinye izihlahla eziningi, zibhekwa njengezitha eziyingozi kakhulu. Izinhlobo ze-apula nezempumalanga zinehlobo olufanayo.
Incazelo ye-moth encodling
I-codling moth iyinambuzane ekhona Umndeni wakwaLepidoptera.
Ngaphandle, lapho umuntu esemdala - i-butterfly encane enezinsipho ezimpunga, engaphansi kwayo elula futhi enesigxobo sefenethi elimnyama, futhi ngaphezulu kukhona umlotha omnyama futhi uhlotshiswe ngama-brown ovals ngasekupheleni kokuhlukaniswa kwegolide.
I-Wingspan kusuka ku-17 kuya ku-22 mm. Babeka amaqanda amhlophe agcwele amamitha ububanzi.
Amacimbi anemibala yenyama noma i-teyi-colorful, i-cream-colored kuze kube ngu-2 cm ubude. Inhloko kanye nemidwebo ye-prongs engxenyeni engenhla imnyama. Emzimbeni omzimba ohlakazekile.
Izimpungushe zinomswakama obomvu ogqamile kuze kube ngu-1 cm ubude.
Ukubuka kweMpumalanga
I-moth esempumalanga ifana namaphiko afane nama-apula, kodwa ubukhulu obukhulu, kufika ku-14 mm. Ungakwazi ukuyiqaphela ngomthunzi obumnyama obumnyama nokuhlukumeza okuyisikhombisa emaceleni kwamaphiko kanye nephethini elibuthakathaka lamaphethini aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuma-ashy amaphiko. Izinhlangothi eziphambene zamaphiko ziyisiliva esincane.
Ubeka amaqanda futhi amancane - kuze kube yingxenye yesigidimitha. Umbala wabo uqala ngokucacile nge-pearl shade, okube sekuphenduka i-pink. Amacimbi e-pinwheat esempumalanga, ngokulandelana, afushane kunomuthi we-apula futhi angaba ngaphandle kwe-pink kanye ne-cream-milky-white. Isihlangu esiseduze nekhanda siyumnyama, kodwa sitholakala ngezansi hhayi ngemuva kwekhanda.
I-pupa ifana nesibhakabhaka, kodwa imnyama futhi isici esihlukile: imigqa emibili yemifino eseduze-emhlophe emzimbeni.
Izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa
Entwasahlobo yama-cocoons asaphila lapho efika ukushisa kwe-air 15 degrees ama-moth aphuma ngaphandle.
I-pupillary moth buds pupate emavikini amabili kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Bese-ke ubeka amaqanda ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali, amaqabunga amaqabunga namahlumela.
Izimpungushe zaseMpumalanga ziphila kancane kancane, njengoba izimbali zokuqala ziqhakaza.
Ngamaviki amabili, owesifazane ngamunye we-moth esempumalanga ibeka amaqanda angama-200 (apula - kufika ku-120). Ngemva kwesonto, izimbungu zivela kuzo, esivela emahoreni ambalwa ezithatha izithelo. Izibungu zidla emgqonyeni wesithelo (ama-apula - imbewu ngaphakathi kwesithelo) izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-24, emva kwalokho ziphuma futhi zifake phezu kwezithelo, ezitsheni zesikhukhula esonakele, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ahlutshiwe. Esikhathini sesigaba se-pupal, inkathazo ibambezeleka kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-12.
Emva kwalokhu, izimvemvane ziphinda zibuye futhi, zixubane, zibeke amaqanda kanye nomsebenzi wesizukulwane esisha sezinambuzane.
KUFANELE UKUZI: izinambuzane ziyasebenza ebusuku. Phakathi nosuku, ungase ungaboni ngisho nabo.
Izinhlobo ezihlobene
Ukubukeka ngokujulile kwe-apula kanye namabhomu asempumalanga yiPlum, ehlonipha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngendwangu yensimbi yecala elingemuva lamaphiko nombala we-orange wezibungu. Futhi kufana nezinambuzane ezichazweyo ne-Pear moth.
Zonke zifana nokubonakala, ukuziphatha, nokulimala izithelo.
Isithombe
Ukubukeka ngokujwayelene ne-apula kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-moth kungaba sesithombeni esingezansi:
Ukusabalalisa kwezwe
Izwe lakuleli lempumalanga libhekwa njengeChina, Korea neJapane. Namuhla, inkathazo yilezi zinhlobo ezivamile ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nezindawo eziseningizimu. E-Russian Federation nasendaweni ye-post-Soviet isikhala, itholakala esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, eStvropol naseKrasnodar, ezindaweni zaseNyakatho Caucasus, eBelarus, e-Ukraine, eMoldova naseLithuania.
EYurophu, i-pinwort esempumalanga ibhalwa e-Austria, eJalimane, eFrance, eSwitzerland, e-Italy, eSpain, ePoland, eRomania, eHungary, eBulgaria, e-Czech Republic.
I-moth yokudoba nayo ivela esimweni esishisayo se-Eurasia. Futhi njengoba izici eziyinhloko ezinciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwenundu ziyizinga eliphezulu lokushisa ngezansi + 12 °, lezi zinsuku zingatholakala cishe yonke indawo lapho kunezihlahla ze-apula.
Iyini inkathazo eyingozi?
Futhi amabhomu asempumalanga nama-apula - esinye sezilokazane eziyingozi kakhulu izihlahla zezithelo. Owokuqala kubo ubhekwa ngisho nokuhlukaniswa.
Lokhu kungukuthi, uma ukungeniswa kwezithelo ezinjalo njenge-peaches, ama-apricot, ama-plums, amapheya, ama-apula, ama-cherry, ama-cherry, ukuhlola kanye nesampuli sokuba khona kokutheleleka yizi zinambuzane kuyenziwa ngempela.
Lapho uthola yonke imikhiqizo kufanele ibhujiswe ukuze kuvimbele ukusakazeka endaweni. Ingozi ihamba ngesivinini esikhulu sokukhiqizwa kwamabhu okunamathisela kanye ne-polyphagnosity yabo (iningi labantu).
Amacimbi eMpumalanga yokuqala imbewu yenundu ingahlakulela ngaphambi kwesithelo emagatsheni namahlumela amancane. Ihlaselwa ngo-10 kuya ku-15 cm, izitshalo ziqhamuka futhi zifa kancane kancane.
Amacimbi e-moth ehamba ngezinyawo aphuma kancane kancane futhi aphule izithelo, ahlambalaza lapho ehamba khona futhi eshiya imidwebo yomsebenzi obalulekile yonke indlela, ngaleyo ndlela enza ama-apula awonakele. Kodwa lezo nezinye izibungu amagxolo ezihlahla kanye nezindawo ezisisekelo zisebenzisela ubusika.
Ngakho e-China irekhodi lirekhodiwe ekubhujisweni kwe-pear harvest (kufika ku-50%), futhi izindawo zethu eziseningizimu zilahlekelwa ngu-70% we-quince. Ama-peach of izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni angatholakali nhlobo ngenxa yokulimala yizinhlamvu zezitshalo.
Ukuvimbela nokulwa
Uma ubhekene nezinundu ekwindla, izingibe noma izipuni ngeke zisasisiza. qala prophylaxis ngokushesha isivuno esisha ngonyaka ozayo.
Gweba indawo kanye nomhlabathi imijikelezo ye-pristvolnyh ukuze abhubhise izibungu ezihlala lapho kuze kube sebusika.
- Hlola umuthi ngokucophelela. Ukufa, amagxolo awonakele, amagatsha agciwane kanye namaqabunga adinga ukuqoqwa nokubhujiswa.
- Njengoba izibungu zikhahlela izithelo ezinempilo ebusuku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqoqa izithelo eziwile bese zibacwaba.
KUBALULEKILE: Ukujula kokusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezifakwe yi-moth flake kumele kube okungenani ngamamitha angu-0.5.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, okulandelayo kunconywa:
- Uma izibungu sezivele zifakiwe, futhi ngezibalo eziningi, ungasebenzisa izikhali ze-biological ngokumelene ne-podozhorok empumalanga - i-entomophage ebizwa nge-Trichogramma. Izimpungushe zalezi zinambuzane zibhubhisa amaqanda ngakho-ke zihlanza izingadi. I-Larvae yezinhlobo ze-Braconid Askogaster iphinda ihambise amaqanda.
- Ungakwazi ukufaka izicupho ngephunga (pheromones), okuzokwenza futhi ukuheha abesilisa bamapulangwe amakholomu bese uwashiya amathiselwe.
- Emasimini amakhulu, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ekwelapheni izihlahla (I-Decis Pro, i-Calypso, i-Intavir, i-EU Match 050).
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhishwa kwamacimbi avela kumakhukhi, noma ngisho nangcono, ukupunika kokuqala kwenziwa usuku olulandelayo, bese kuthi njalo emva kwamasonto amabili. Ngakho kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-5 (kuma-apula avuthiwe ngasekupheleni).
Kodwa khumbula ukuthi uketshezi oluthe xaxa, kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yabantu.
- Indlela enobumnene kakhulu ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ze-phytoncidal zezinye izitshalo. Ngakho umhlonyane, izinaliti, i-tansy, zonke izingxenye zamatamatisi zaphumelela. Ukuqothulwa kwamatshe kanye nokuguliswa kwawo kungadliwa ngamagatsha kanye namagatsha, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise izinambuzane.
- Ukuheha zonke izindlela zokuvikela izitshalo - izinyoni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza izindlu nezinyoni.
- Faka isicelo kanye nezindlela zokuqoqwa kwe-apple podozhorok. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izindandatho ze-burlap zifakwe emagqumeni ezihlahla, eziboshwe ngokuqinile phezulu futhi zibuthakathaka phansi. Izibhamu zihamba ngezansi bese zihlala kulezi zingcingo.
I-TIP: Yeka ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali kuphela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kokugcina kwama-apula.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nendlela yokubhekana kahle nenundu, bheka ividiyo engezansi:
Isiphetho
Kunezindlela eziningi zokususa ingadi yakho yezinambuzane. Uma usondela ngalokhu ngokuhlakanipha futhi usebenzise izinkimbinkimbi zezindlela zokuzivikela, bese kuthi ekwindla imizamo yakho ngokuqinisekile iyovuzwa izithelo eziyikhulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu empilweni izojabulisa futhi ziqinise impilo yakho.
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nenundu ye-Codling, bona ividiyo engezansi:
