Ukuvuna kanye nobusika-ezihlukahlukene eziphakathi kwamapheya "Hera": incazelo nesithombe

I-pear, ngokungafani nomuthi we-apula, wawusanda kudumile kakhulu. Isizathu saba ukuphikiswa kwamaqhwa okuphansi kwalesi siko.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlobo ezintsha zigcwalise ngempumelelo le gap. Izinhlobonhlobo "Hera" yi-brainchild entsha yama-breeders aseRussia.

Uhlobo luni?

Ukuhlukahluka kungokwakho ukubuka ebusika, ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo kutholakala emva kwesigamu sesibili sangoSeptemba. Umvuno ophezulu futhi umelana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Isihlahla sokuphakama okuphakathi, izithelo zenjongo yonke.

Izinhlobo zasebusika zihlanganisa uJanuwari, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya, neFairy.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

"I-Hera" ibonakala sengathi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomzali "Buyisa i-Turin"futhi"Indodakazi KaDawn".

Kunezinto ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala e-All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics kanye nokuzaliswa kwezithelo zezitshalo okuthiwa emva Michurin, ngokubamba iqhaza kwababhali njengaye S.P. Yakovlev, A.P. Gribanovsky, N.I. Saveliev noMnuYu. Akimov.

Kufakwe kwiRejista kaHulumeni yesifunda se-Central Black Earth.

Kulesi sifundazwe, izinhlobo ezinjalo zenza kahle: Duschess, Rossoshanskaya Dessert, Muscovite and Cosmic.

Iphakathi kwe "Hera": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe

Isihlahla sokuphakama esiphakathi sinalo enhle umqhele omncane, umumo omncane we-pyramidal. Ukuxuba okuxubile, njengamahlumela wonyaka, futhi okuqhubekayo.

Ibamba iqondile, ubukhulu obuphakathi, umbala obomvu, awunayo i-hairiness. Chechevichek on the trunk kancane. Amaqabunga aqine kakhulu agxiliwe esiqu, abe nomumo ohlangene nobukhulu obuphakathi. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, afane nesimo se-oval.

Ubukhulu bekhabethe leqabunga buphakathi, kunezintambo ezincane eceleni komkhawulo, ekugcineni kukhona ukukhomba okuncane. Ubuso beshidi bukhanya futhi bushelelezi. I-petiole inaphakathi ngobude nobukhulu.

Izithelo zebanga zibhekwa njengezikhulu. Isilinganiso sabo isisindo sesisindo kusuka ku-180 g kuya ku-250 g. Izithelo zefomu elifanele, elibushelelezi nelibanzi. Isikhumba sesithelo sinzima, sinomile futhi sinesisindo esiphakathi.

Izithelo ezinkulu zingaziqhayisa uKrasnobokaya, u-Elena, u-Victoria noLel.

Umbala uxutshwe, uhlaza luwumbala oyinhloko wesithelo, umthunzi wekhava ubomvu, kunenetha elihlanganisiwe. I-Peduncle oblique, encane.

Umcibisholo uyingcosana noma ungaphenduki. Inkomishi yepeyari ivulekile, isoso asiwi, ubukhulu be-saucer buphakathi. Inhliziyo yincane, ifomu nxazonke. Imbewu e-Brown itholakala kumaseli wezinhlamvu ezivaliwe.

I-pulp of izithelo zaleli banga ihlelwe kahle, inomthunzi we-cream. Isakhiwo si-granular futhi sinamafutha. Izithelo ukunambitheka elimnandi nelomuncu, elinomuthi ophezulu wejusi elinomlilo okhanyayo. Ezingeni eliyisihlanu, iphuzu likaHera laliyi kulinganiswe ngamaphuzu angu-4.3.

Amapheya ahlukahlukeneko "Incazelo yeHera" yekwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali:

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo futhi ubone amapheya "Hera" angaba esithombeni ngezansi:

Izici

Izithelo emthini zingakwazi ususe ngesonto lesithathu likaSepthemba. Ipey ngokugcwele futhi ngokugcwele "Hera" iqala ukuthela izithelo Ukufika kweminyaka engu-4-5.

ISIFUNDO: Izithelo zalezi ezihlukahlukene ezimweni zesitoreji esifanele azikwazi ukulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yabo yezohwebo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-160.

Izinhlobonhlobo zihluke kakhulu izivuno ezinhle futhi zivikeleke kakhulu kwiqhwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuvivinya kokuqanda okufakelwayo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihambisane nokushisa kwe -38 ° C. Umonakalo omncane wama-1.8 amaphuzu abonakala kuphela kumagatsha wonyaka.

Izithelo eziphezulu ziboniswa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: Bere Bosk, Cathedral, Noyabrskaya and Elegant Efimova.

Ukuzithandela ku "Gera" kuphansi kakhulu. Ukuze uthole izithelo ezigcwele izithelo esizeni kudingeka ukuba nezinye izinhlobo zepey for impova.

Kodwa uma wenza izingqimba ezimbili noma ezintathu zezinye izinhlobo emthini owodwa, khona-ke kungenzeka kalula ngaphandle kwama-pollinator wesithathu.

Endabeni yokufuna kwenhlabathi kuya kwezimo nokunisela, ezihlukahlukene ziyahlolwa.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

ERussia, ezindaweni ezimozulu, kunesiko lokutshala ipeyari. ekwindla. Indawo yokutshala kumele ikhethwe ngokucophelela, uma ipeyari isihlahla eside kakhulu.

Ibanga kusuka kocingo, izakhiwo noma ezinye izihlahla kufanele kube hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu futhi okuningi kungcono.

KUBALULEKILE: Izithombo ezincane ze-pear azihlali kahle futhi zikhule kancane kancane eminyakeni emibili yokuqala. Lokhu kungumphumela wesimiso esibi sempande.

Umgodi wokufika kufanele ube khona okungenani imitha eyodwa ejulile no-80 cm ububanzikungaba ngaphezulu. Uma isayithi ilawulwa inhlabathi enhlabathini, yiyo exutshwe nama-humus nama-2-3 amabhakede we-peat. Ikhasi elihle kakhulu ikhula ngokugcoba ngokufakwa komhlabathi omnyama.

Kuyinto evamile ukulungisa umgodi ngesonto ngaphambi kokufika okuhlosiwe. Kufanele kwenziwe i-humus nesihlabathi esinamaqabunga ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, ngamabhakede amabili, namaspuni amathathu. l i-potassium sulfate.

Izitshalo zixuba kahle nenhlabathi yokubuyisela emuva futhi uthele amabhakede amabili amanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-6-7, umgodi ulungele ukutshala umuthi omncane.

Inyanga yokuqala umuthi udinga ukuchelela okuhle kuze kube yilapho ubhalwa ngokugcwele. Futhi ngonyaka wokuqala, i-pear idinga ukusika izikhono eziphezulu.

Esikhathini esizayo, izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamapheya "Hera" azidingi ukuchelela njalo, njengoba izimpande zawo zikwazi ukukhipha umswakama kahle emhlabathini. Ukuphela okuwukuphela kwezikhathi zesomiso eside. Ukuchelela okuningi kufanele kube kathathu ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ngaphambi kokusila, ngesikhathi se-ovary sesithelo kanye nokwindla ngo-Okthoba.

ISIFUNDO: I-Pear "Hera" ayidingi kakhulu yokunciphisa, njengezinye izinhlobo. Ukwakhiwa komqhele walo kwenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi kudinga ukulungiswa okuncane kuphela.

Ukusika izikhonkwane kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:

1. Amagatsha aqina kakhulu okugcoba ukukhanya kwelanga ukufika kuwo wonke amagatsha.
2. Ukuze isihlahla singalulazi, isiqu saso sinqunywe engxenyeni eyodwa.
3. Izindawo zokunqunywa kufanele ziphathwe ngethuluzi elikhethekile.
4. Wonke amagatsha agulayo noma owomile kufanele asuswe, kanye nalabo abakhula endaweni efanele.
5. Ukusika kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwamagatsha, kungekho sidingo sokushiya i-hemp.

Kusukela "iHera" yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezibandayo, Akadingi indawo yokulala eyingozi ebusika. Ama-saplings amancane kuphela adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Lapho sekuqala isimo sezulu esibanda, badutshulwa ngamagatsha ase-spruce neqhwa. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwanele. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe kufanele zihlanganiswe neqhwa endaweni ezungeze isiyingi somuthi.

Izinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile zihlanganisa: Rogneda, Svetlyanka, Sverdlovchanka noSamara Beauty.

Izifo nezinambuzane

"Hera" unokuphikisa okuhle izifo ezinjalonjenge //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, i-septoriosis ne-antomosporiosis. Kodwa lezi akuzona zonke izifo ezingathinta umuthi we-pear.

1. Umdlavuza omnyama Uma kunqotshwa amaqabunga, amagatsha, imiqhele nezithelo.
2. Monilioz. Izithelo zePear zibola ngqo emagatsheni.
3. Ukushisa amabhaktheriya. Ukunqotshwa kwesihlahla, okuholela ekufeni kwakhe.
4. I-Cytosporosis. Uma lesi sifo sibomvu, i-bark iyafa.
5. Idonsa likaMealy. Kuboniswe ngesimo sezimhlophe ezimhlophe namahlumela.
6. Ukugqwala. Iholele emaqabungeni asekuqaleni okuwa.
7. I-Milky shine. Lithinta kakhulu izithelo ezifa ngaphandle kwegatsha.

Kuye kwaqaphela ikakhulukazi ukumelana nezifo ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. I-pear ayihlaselwe kuphela izifo, kodwa futhi yizilokazane ezihlala esihlahleni.

1. Inundu encane. Izibungu zalesi sifo sihlasela isithelo sephayari.
2. I-aphid eluhlaza. Kulimaza amaqabunga futhi kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-soot ukhunta.
3. Listoblashka. Ithinta kakhulu, kuze kube sekubhujisweni, zonke izingxenye zomuthi.
4. Listovertka. Ukhetha indawo yamaqabunga, uwafake emathinini.
5. I-Pear mite Ukudonsa isitshalo emaqabungeni amahlamvu kuphazamisa ukukhula okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zithathwa ukulwa nezifo zomuthi nokubhubhisa izidumbu:

• Amaqabunga ewashi ekwindla asuswe futhi ashiswa, ngoba kusolakala ukuthi cishe zonke izinambuzane kanye namagciwane wesifo esingaphezu kwesifo.
• Ukwenziwa kwe-autumn kwezinkuni ezine-lime kuzovikela izilokazane ezigubha emagqabeni.
• Ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kwesihlahla phakathi naleso sikhathi, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nokuphela ekwindla.
• Ukwelashwa kwendilinga ye-trunk yesisombululo se-urea nokumba ngokugcwele.

Lapho kutholakala kancane izifo ukuqhuma okuhlobene nesifo noma inkathazo. Ukuze uvimbele, ungaphatha umuthi entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla ngezinambuzane.

Iphakathi kwe "Hera" kuhle ukungazithobeki kwayo ukushisa kanye nomqhele ohlangene. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kuyokujabulela ngezithelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu hhayi isizukulwane esisodwa.