Lesi sitshalo esidumile semifino sinenhlobo engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Izwe lakubo - i-Central America, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ekhulwini le-15 lesi sitshalo safika eYurophu, safika eRussia.
Naphezu kokuthi imifino i-thermophilic futhi ingenangqondo, abaningi bayakhula ekukhuleni kwabo ezindaweni zabo.
Izici zokukhula
Leli garaji lokugcina lamavithamini, ngenxa yalokhu, lidumile emhlabeni wonke. It isetshenziswa ifomu eluhlaza futhi ephathekayo. Kodwa ukuthola isivuno esicebile akulula kakhulu.
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene
Ukuhluka kwabo kungathatha umcabango. Izithelo zihlukile embala, ubukhulu, ukunambitheka, ukuvuthwa. Ukuze uphumelele, uqondiswe yizimo okufanele uhlakulele isivuno.
Cabanga ngezimo ezilandelayo:
- Ekuqaleni noma phakathi nonyaka. Okuhle kakhulu ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ukukhulisa isikhathi sokuvuna izithelo ezintsha. Izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zokuvuthwa okuhlukile. Ekuqaleni: Prometheus, Marconi, Belozerka. Mid-season: Swallow, Dobrynya Nikitich, Snow White, Health, Vitamin.
- Izimo. Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka endleleni ekhuthazwayo yokulima. Iningi lazo lihloselwe ukugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo nokugcina izithombo (Kakadu, Raisa, Red Baron). Kodwa kunezinhlamvu ezingatshalwa ensimini (Belladonna, Isabella, Gift of Moldova, Atlant, Cheerfulness). Kukhona nezinhlobo ezingakhula ekhaya (Chanterelle, Winnie the Pooh, Carat, Dwarf, Medal).
- Ukuphakama. Ipharamitha edinga ukucatshangelwa. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezide azikwazi ukutshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Esizeni sethu ungafunda ngezinye izinhlobo zepelepele: i-Chile, i-Cayenne, i-peas-peas, i-peas-peas emhlophe, i-Jalapeno, i-Atlas, i-Habanero.
Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo
Ekunqumeni isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, ziqondiswa yisikhathi sokutshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Isiko sinenkathi ende yokukhula, ngakho bayalihlwanyela ngaphambi kwabanye. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela noma ukuphela kukaFebhuwari, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi ezihlukahlukene. Ukuphumula nokuphakathi kokuvuthwa - etshalwe ngaphambili.
Imbewu kumele iphathwe ngesisombululo esisodwa se-cent-quarante-degree se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engama-30. Ngemva kwalokho bahlanza futhi bafakwe endaweni yempuphu emanzi. Izinsuku ezingu-3-4 zahlala zifudumele ukuba zihlwithe.
Ngemuva kokucubungula, kufakwe ezindebe ezihlukene. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ngokutshala ngokuqondile, njengoba i-pepper ayibekezeli ukufakelwa.
Izinkomishi ezine-substrate evulekile (humus -2 izingxenye peat noma isihlabathi - ingxenye engu-1, umhlabathi - ingxenye engu-1) efakwe ebhokisini noma nge-pallet. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, zimbozwe nge-polyethylene futhi zifakwa endaweni efudumele (25-300).
Amahlumela avela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-6-7. Ifilimu isusiwe, futhi izinga lokushisa liyancipha libe yizi-18 degrees. Kulo modi, amahlumela agcinwa izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, ukuze angazolulwa.
Ukunakekela
Uma utshale i-pepper esitsheni esijwayelekile, esigabeni sama-3-4 amapheshana kufanelekile ukuba ungasebenzi. Ungalibali ngale nqubo, njengoba izitshalo eziningi ezengeziwe ziqala ukukhula.
Izithombo akufanele ziphuze kaningi, ngenxa yalokhu, kuthinta umfutho omnyama wesilwane. Esikhathini sesigaba samaqabunga amathathu okuqala, sidliwa nge-potassium, superphosphate ne-urea.
Uma igumbi lingabonakali ngokwanele, udinga ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi emavikini okuqala, ukuvimbela ukudonsa, ukunciphisa isitshalo.
Ngemuva kokwakheka kwepheshana lesishiyagalombili kuvuselelwa kabusha. Lesi sikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni, njengoba sibonisa ukuhluma kwembali - isisekelo sezithelo zesikhathi esizayo. Isikhathi esiqhakazile ngoFebhuwari-Mashi sidingeka kusukela ngo-7 kuya ku-9 ntambama ntambama.
Okudingekayo kuqala kunzima. Lapho ukushisa kufakwa emgwaqweni, izitshalo zisusiwe futhi zifakwe ngendlela evulekile, zivikelekile emoyeni nasekuqalisweni.
Ukufika emhlabathini
Indlela eyamukelekayo kunazo zonke yokukhula i-greenhouse noma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Isivuno salesi siko esithandayo ukushisa emkhakheni awuvulekile.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ufake indawo ehlosiwe yokufika kuyo - ku-greenhouse noma ku-greenhouse ukwenzela ukutholakala kwemvelo. Ukunisela kunciphise kakhulu, kodwa kwanda amahora wokukhanya.
Ukuvimbela izitshalo ukuthi zingaguli, ziyaphathwa i-sulphate yethusi noma umngcele we-Bordeaux.
Ngendlela yokubhaka, izithombo ziphuziswa ngamalanga amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, emabhokisini ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlabathini ngaphambi kokukhipha ukwenza ummese ngommese kukho konke ukuphakama kwe-coma ngaphesheya komugqa.
Ngemuva kokudla okunengi kakhulu. Inqubo enjalo iyobangela ukukhula kwezimpande ezincane, futhi kuzosusa izimpande ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.
Ama-pepper atshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, nasemhlabathini ovulekile maphakathi noJuni.
Ekulimeni kwepelepele ezimweni zokushisa, funda i-athikili kwiwebsite yethu.
Ukutshala kuphi
I-Pepper ayikwazi plant emva amazambane, utamatisi. Izandulela ezinhle kunazo zonke yizikhukhamba kanye neklabishi, anyanisi, izaqathe, ne-zucchini nazo zivumelekile.
Ukujikeleza okunjalo kwezitshalo kunikeza izakhi zomhlabathi ezinhle kanye nokuvimbela izifo. Ukulima kabusha endaweni efanayo nonyaka odlule, kunciphisa isivuno, kunomthelela ekunqothulweni kwezinambuzane nezifo.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela indawo engadini. Ungafaki i-pepper endaweni yokushisa nge-utamatisi, njengoba idinga umswakama ohlukene nokushisa. Kodwa ensimini, indawo enjalo inenzuzo.
KUBALULEKILE. Ungalokothi ubeke izinhlobonhlobo ezimnandi nezomunyu ndawonye. Lesi sitshalo sizenzele impova futhi wonke upelepele kusayithi lakho uyoba buhlungu.
I-patterning yokuhamba
Inhlabathi evuthayo yisitha esikhulu salesi sitshalo. Ngaphansi kwawo yenza imibhede ephakeme, ephakanyiswe ngo-30-40 cm, izobeka izimpande endaweni enomlilo.
I-Pepper itshalwe emigqumeni efanayo ngendlela engeyona yokusakaza. Lapho uhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile, umbhede uhlanganiswe nezinto ezingelusiwe. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuba ukhule pepper emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphandle izithombo kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Izimila zifakwa kuma-40-50 amasentimitha ukusuka komunye nomunye, 60 cm phakathi kwemigqa.
Uma uhla, qiniseka ukuthi isitembu asihambeli ngenhla ezingeni elikhule ngalo ngaphambilini. Kungcono ukuthuthela emhlabathini kusihlwa ukuze ilanga lingashisi izitshalo. Umsuka uzothatha izimpande okungenani izinsuku eziyishumi, ngakho-ke ensimini evulekile ukucubungula ebusuku ngobusuku befilimu.
Kudingekile ukuthi uphuze pepper eningi lapho ufika, futhi emva kwalokho kungcono ukungabi amanzi kuleli sonto. Kuze kube izimpande ziqala ukuthola umswakama, kunengozi yokubangela ukubola ngenxa yobuningi obuningi. Ukunisela kuveza amanzi afudumele kuphela. Ikholi linciphisa ukukhula.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekelwa ukuphuza, ukugqoka nokukhululeka.
- Ukunisela. Njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5 - esimweni esishisayo, kanye nezinsuku ezingu-10 - ngokulinganisela. Le meyi ifanelekile kuze kufike isikhathi esinjengokuqala. Ngokushesha lapho isivuno sokuqala sivunwa, nciphisa imvamisa yokuchelela, khona-ke izimbali ezintsha zizoqala ukwakha.KUBALULEKILE. Ungamanzi pepper phezulu, kunciphisa isivuno saso. Ekushiseni kungenziwa kuphela ukufuthola kancane.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Okokuqala kungabanjwa ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-15 emva kokuduka. Owesibili - ezinsukwini ezingu-20-25. Ukuze umanyolo afanele ukuxuba jikelele noma okhethekile pepper.
Kanye ngenkathi, faka pepper nge-mullein. Kodwa ungathathi i-nitrogen - kuyobangela ukubunjwa kwamahlamvu, ukulimaza izimbali. - Ibhande le-Garter. Izinhlobo ezide kakhulu kuphela zidinga. Eceleni kwezintaba, izikhonkwane zibekwe futhi iziqu ziboshwe kubo.
Indlela yokuma amahlathi
Uma ukhula ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, susa amahlumela angaphezulu (izingane zokutholwa). Lokhu kuphela akusebenzi emakilasini ajwayelekile ajwayelekile, awenza ngokuzimela umqhele.
Masking kwenziwa ngokucophelela futhi kuphela uma isitshalo 25-30 cm ubude.
Lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela kulokhu kuphakama, phezulu kwekhanda kukhonjiwe. Bese ususe amahlumela aphansi kakhulu, ushiye izimpande ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezinamandla kunayo yonke. Wonke amahlamvu amaningi kakhulu asusiwe futhi ahlinzeke ukuze ahlinzekwe kangcono.
Ekushiseni kokukhipha amahlumela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, njengoba kuzokwakhiwa kakhulu futhi ngokushesha kakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukusika amahlumela amaningi kakhulu esihlahleni. Ngeviki lokugcina likaJulayi, hlola izihlahla bese ususa zonke iziqu ngaphandle kwezithelo nezimbali.
Izinambuzane
Kulo lonke ubuningi bezinambuzane ezikhona ze-pepper, okulandelayo kuyingozi:
- Aphid. Le nambuzane iyamangalisa ama-omnivorous futhi idla i-pepper ngenjabulo. Amaqabunga ngesikhathi esifanayo abe mnandi, aphihliwe. Bhubhisa inambuzane I-Carbofos noma izidakamizwa I-Ultra.
- Isibungu se-spider. Ukubukeka kwalo kuboniswa ukugqama okumhlophe emaqabunga. Ukulwa naye nge ukumnika kukagalikhi no-anyanisi. Ungasebenzisa futhi inambuzane.
- Slugs. Ukuze ugweme ukubukeka nokukhiqiza, ufafaze umlotha noma i-lime emhlabathini. Isidakamizwa esiqinisekisiwe "Ukuduma kwezulu".
Izifo
Ngenamba encane yezinambuzane, izifo ze-pepper zikhulu. Ukubonakala okuvame kakhulu nokuvame ukufana okulandelayo:
- Umlenze omnyama. Iqala ngokuchelela ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ngokuhambisana nomkhuhlane. Isiqu siyaba buthakathaka, amabala amnyama avela kuso. Vimbela lokhu kungaba ukuchelela okulungile. Uma lesi sifo sesiqalile kakade, yeka ukuphuza nokuphatha isihlahla Nge-flap.
- I-Fusarium wilt. Umqhele uqala ukugoba. Nciphise inani lokuswakama ukuze unqobe lesi sifo. Lapho amaqabunga aphansi efuna, okubonisa ukuqala kwesifo, sebenzisa i-pepper Fundazole.
- I-Vertex Rot. Kubonakala esithelweni ngesimo samnyama, ama-gray. I-cold, isimo semvula sinomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Izosiza ukubhekana nalo i-calcium nitrateshrub ehlathini.
- Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana. Isifo sezulu elimanzi. Ithinta iziqu, amaqabunga, izithelo. Bonakala sengathi ziyaqhakaza, bese boma, isihlahla sishaywa ngokushesha. Gwema lesi sifo kuzosiza ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo eziphikisanayo ezivulekile. Ukuqhutshwa okwengeziwe Nge-flap noma I-Barrier ngeke uvumele lesi sifo siphume.
Izinkinga ezivamile
I-pepper ayinangqondo futhi iphendula ngokuqinile kunoma yiziphi izimo ezimbi. Izinkinga ezivamile:
- Ikhefu le-Leaf. Isizathu salesi simo yiziphambeko zokukhula. Emhlabathini, ukuntuleka kwe-potassium noma i-vein central is stretched out, futhi amaqabunga asinaso isikhathi sokuwuthola.
- Kungenzeka futhi nge ukunqoba izibungu ezinye izinambuzane ezisele enhlabathini.
- Usizo lokunqoba lesi sifo lungasakaza inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ikhambi le-manganese. Khona-ke kufanele ukondle pepper i-potassium nitratebeka nxazonke umlotha.
- Pepper iyoma futhi ifa. Isihlahla esinamandla siqala ukubola futhi sihlehle, noma izimbali nezithelo ziqala ukuwa. Lokhu kungavela ekushintsheni okungazelelwe ezimweni uma kubanda okwesikhashana. I-pepper ethanda ukushisa idinga izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ukuze ungena ngaphansi kwamazinga angaphansi kwama-10-12 degrees, futhi izoqala ukuvuna kakhulu.
Uma ukhula pepper ensimini, nge-snap ebandayo, zama ukumboza ubusuku nanoma yiziphi izinto. Ungafaka ezihlahleni ezindala ezihlahleni, noma ufake ama-arcs bese uphonsa izinto zokumboza kuzo.
Izici zezinhlobo zasendlini ezikhulayo
Ezinye izinhlobo zingakhula egumbini. Baye bahlamba emapulazini emifino yevolumu enkulu kakhulu. Uma kungekho isikhala esanele, izithelo zizoba zincane futhi inombolo yabo izoba encane.
Ibhodlela kufanele lilungiswe ngokwenza izimbobo zokugeleza kulo. Ubumba obunwetshiwe buchitheka phansi, ungqimba lwesihlabathi lubekwa kuso futhi isitsha sigcwaliswe, ngaphandle kokusiphazamisa, ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi omnyama, isanti kanye nenani elincane le-humus. Inhlabathi ayinakuliswa. Inzalo ifakwa ebhodweni futhi ifakwe ifilimu phezulu.
Ukunakekela kuwukuthi ukuphuza, ukugqoka, ukwakheka isihlahla.
Enye yezinkinga ezivame ukwanda ekukhuleni izinhlobo zendlu ukuhlukunyezwa kwayo. ukuphosa. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe, i-plaque enamathelayo ivela kubo. Isibangela sokutheleleka yomoya omile nokuqina okwanele kwesitshalo.
Uma kuvela ama-aphid, i-pepper kufanele igeze ngamanzi afudumele nge insipho yokuhlanza. Ngemuva kokulashwa, geza insipho ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ungakwazi ukucubungula ukumnika kwe-pepper ka-anyanisi nogalikhi. Futhi isebenza kahle empini yokulwa nokungenwa kwezinambuzane.
I-pepper ekhulayo kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nezimo zasendlini idinga ukuthobela yonke imithetho. Kuphela ngale ndlela ungathola isivuno esikhulu salimifino, ucebile amavithamini kanye nama-microelements.
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