I-flower enhle futhi enhle ye-petunia, nakuba iphikisana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo futhi ijwayele ukukhula ezimweni zomswakama ophakeme nokushisa, kodwa siyi-garden yangaphambili ukuhlolwa kwangempela.
Eziningi zezinambuzane nezifo zingena engadini kanye nezithombo, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukukhula petunia endaweni yakho, kufanele wazi kancane ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezidumbu.
Izindlela zokulwa nezifo ze-petunia
Isibalo sezifo zezitshalo ezingasetshenziswa umlimi engadini akuyona encane. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuvimbela izifo ze-petunias, ikakhulukazi kuncike ezimweni zokukhula kwayo.
Izwe lasePetunia liyiNingizimu Melika elinomswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okushisayo. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo singase singazizwa sikhululekile emaceleni ethu futhi sibhekane nezifo ezehlukene.
Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa kahle komlimi wegadi, ubuhle baseningizimu buzokuthokozisa iminyaka eminingi. Izifo zalesi sitshalo zingaba kokubili amagciwane namagciwane noma amafungal.
Uyazi? Kutholakale ngo-1921, i-asteroid ibizwa nge-petunias.
Idonsa likaMealy
Idonsa likaMealy - isifo se-fungal esihlala ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zenhlabathi. Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo umoya obandayo, ukuchelela okungavamile, ukuhlwanyela okukhulu kakhulu, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini. 
Ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kwesifo kubangelwa izitshalo eziningana ezikhulayo noma ngamanzi angcolile ngesikhathi sokuchelela. Qaphela ngokushesha inkinga - hhayi lula.
Okokuqala, i-fungus ivela emaqabunga eduze nomsuka ngendlela ye-plaque elimhlophe, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isitshalo sokuhlunga nge-bud ihlanganisa. Ukuphela kokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ukubola nokufa kwembali.
Ukuphathwa kwe-powdery isikhutha I-Petunia kumele isuse wonke amaqabunga awonakele namafihlekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ususa ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi, uyishintsha ngenhlabathi enomanyolo.
Kudingeka uphathe lesi sitshalo nge-fungicide "i-Topaz", noma umuthi ofanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo sihlanganisa yonke imbali.
Esikhathini esizayo, lawula ukuchelela futhi ungavumeli izitshalo ziqede, okuzosiza ukuvikela i-petunia kule sifo.
Indawo emnyama
I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo nayo iwukhunta, obonakala njengomphumela wokwanda komswakama womoya noma ngenxa yokulimala komshini esitshalweni.
Ukuqaphela lesi sifo kulula ngokwanele; omunye kufanele anakekele kuphela izindawo ezimnyama ezivame ukuthatha imfucumfucu ekhuni. Amabala okukhanya avela kulezi zindawo lapho ama-fungal spores akha khona maduzane.
Amaqabunga anamabala aluhlaza aqala ukuphela futhi ngokushesha afe ngokuphelele. Ekulweni nebala elimnyama, kuyadingeka ukusika nokubhubhisa amaqabunga aphikisayo futhi ususe amaqabunga awashiwo ngesikhathi esifanele.
I-prophylaxis izimbali kufanele ziphathwe nezixazululo eziqukethe ithusi (oxychloride yethusi noma i-Oxyhom izosebenza kahle). Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-10.
Ukubola okumhlophe
Umsuka webanga lokubukeka ukubola okumhlophe umswakama ophezulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwakhiwa okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngokuhlaza futhi ukunikeza ukutshala okukhululekile, ikakhulukazi ngokuhambisana nenhlabathi enamandla kakhulu.
Imbali ayitholakali nje ngomonakalo, kodwa futhi ngokugcoba ukhunta nge-stomata. Lesi sifo sibonakala efomini izindawo ezimnyama ezimanzi, futhi ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu zingase zivele ziqhakaze ezimhlophe.
Iziqu ezonakaliswe ukubola okumhlophe ziba buthaka futhi zikhanyayo. Ama-mycelium akhiwa esihlahleni nasesibusweni, okushesha ukuvuthwa ku-sclerotia.
Amahlumela angaphezu kwengxenye ethintekile afa ngokuphelele. Ngale ndlela, ukubola kungathatha zonke izingxenye zembali.
Ukulwa nge-contagion, ukumba ngokugcwele nokugcwala kwenhlabathi nge-lime kuyadingeka. Zonke izitshalo ezimele futhi amaqabunga asuswe ngokushesha, emva kwalokho isitshalo siphathwa ngamalahle.
Ukugcina intuthuko izifo zingathululelwa nxazonke kulesitshalo ngomlotha ochotshoziwe, kodwa ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali angatholakala kalula ezitolo zanamuhla, okwamanje akufanelekile.
Uyazi? I-Petunia ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Balcony plant"
Ukubola okwesibhakabhaka
Ukubola okumanzi Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukutshala okujulile, ukushisa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Lesi sifo sibekezelela ngokuphumelelayo ukushisa okuphansi, futhi singathuthuka njengezinga elingu-3 ° C.
Uma unesifo sokubola okumanzi, iziqu eziseduze nomsuka zihlanganiswe namafutha, ama-brownish. Amaqabunga ayancipha futhi aphethwe. I-Sclerotia yenziwa ku-stem, ehlanganiswe nokuqhakaza okuzwakalayo. Izitshalo zingagunjwa, ziphuzi futhi zife. Ukutheleleka kungathatha i-petunia nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Lapho silwa ngesifo, kubalulekile ukususa izitshalo ezigulayo, nokusebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile (isibonelo, i-Ridomil noma inzuzo).
Ukuxwayisa Izifo zingelashwa ngezitshalo zePhytosporin.
Grey ukubola
Ukushisa okuphansi kanye nokuhlwanyela okukhulu kungabangela i-grey rot petunias. Futhi, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kubangelwa ukuntuleka kokukhanya kanye nokwandisa i-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ubangelwa amaqabunga abathintekayo ezindaweni ezivulekile, futhi ukutheleleka kwembali kwenzeka nge-pistil.
Kubolile ngesimo samabala aluhlaza (okukhunjulwa ukuqhuma), okuyinto kamuva ehlanganiswa ne-grayish fluff. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izingxenye ezithintekayo zesitshalo ziyabuna, futhi ngokushesha zizobola ngokuphelele. Uma ukutheleleka kunamandla kakhulu, yonke imbali ingafa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuyama lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-25 ° C. Futhi kudingekile ukuqothula izindawo ezonakalisiwe ngesikhathi futhi uhlanze umhlabathi emaqabunga abolile.
Ukutshala izitshalo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus kuzozuza. Ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa "Skor" noma "Maxim", kodwa ngeke ziphumelele kakhulu nge-infection eqinile.
Umlenze omnyama
Ngezimpawu zayo zefungus imilenze emnyama I-Petunias ifana nokubola okumanzi. Lesi sifo sithinta izitshalo ezincane futhi uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwe, ungalahlekelwa yinsimu yonke ye-petunias.
Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kubangelwa ukuphakama okukhulu kwemifula, umswakama ophezulu kanye ne-acidity yenhlabathi.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ukuvimbela: sebenzisa i-substrate esindayo encane ngokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen enciphise; gwema ukuhlwanyela okukhululekile nokulinganisela amanzi izitshalo.
Umphumela omuhle wokuvimbela umlenze omnyama we-petunia uzonikeza ukulungiselela amalungiselelo enhlabathi aqukethe isulfure.
Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana
Ngokuvamile ukubonakaliswa kwesifo kutholakala ngesisekelo se-stem. I-dark and slowly decays, emva kwalokho isitshalo siqala ukubola futhi ekugcineni sife.
Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana kuthinta isitshalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, imbangela yayo ubusuku obubandayo kanye namanani amancane amazolo.
Bamba izitshalo zidinga izidakamizwa "Ridomil" noma "Inzuzo". I-oxper oxychloride nayo iyasiza kahle. Zonke lezi zixazululo zingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kuphela, kepha futhi nokuvimbela.
Kubalulekile! Unganiki isithunzi esiningi kakhulu ku-petunia. Kusukela kulesi sitshalo kuqala ukukhubazeka.
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane ze-petunia
Ngeshwa, akuzona izifo ezihlukahlukene kuphela, kodwa nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zingakhipha izinkinga kumgadi wensimu.
Ukulawulwa kwezidakamizwa ze-petunias akulona nzima kunalokho okubonakala kubonakala ekuqaleni, kepha ukwelashwa okuvimbela futhi okufika ngesikhathi okumele kube khona ama-aphid, thrips, slugs, kuzokusiza ukuba ujabulele imibala ethakazelisayo nemibala ebhodini lakho langaphambili.
I-fly fly
Kungani i-petunia ishiya i-yellow? Ngezinye izikhathi zifihle ngaphansi kwamahlamvu i-midge encane emhlophe, njengemvukuzane. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-whiteflies futhi kuthinta kancane kancane zithinta izitshalo eziseduze.
Izimpawu Ukuba khona kwalezi zinambuzane kunamaqabunga aphuzi kanye nokusabalala okulandelayo.
Lapho silwa nge-whiteflies akukubi ukusebenzisa izicupho ze-glue ezingasetshenziselwa ukubamba kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqapha izinambuzane. Uma inani lama-whiteflies landa, amakhemikhali afana ne-Aktara noma uMospilan azosiza.
Isitha esingokwemvelo se-whitefly yi-ladybugs, inamba encane engabhubhisa i-koloni yezinambuzane ngesikhathi esifushane.
Izibungu zesicabucabu
Isibungu se-spider ngokuvamile engabonakali iso lesintu futhi aqaphele inkathazo kuphela kuwebhu kumaqabunga, nokukhishwa okumhlophe, okubonakalayo.
Izitshalo ezinjalo zikwazi ukukhipha isitshalo ukuze zihlanyele. Amabala amhlophe akhula kuwebhu, emva kwalokho amaqabunga aqala ukuzama, bese ewa.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane kungaba indlela ethandwayo. Ukwenza lokhu, kwanele ukwenza ukumnika umuthi wezokwelapha (30 g. Ngama 1 litre amanzi), uphinde uwafake ngesitshalo. Njengesinye isixazululo senkinga, ungasebenzisa amakhemikhali, njenge: "Neoron" noma "Apollo."
Aphid
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu ensimini - i-aphid, okuyinto engatholakala njalo e-petunia. Isitshalo singasongelwa yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zalesi sifo.
Ezindaweni zembali ezithintekile ngama-aphid, kukhona amaconsi amazolo amnandi, okugcina ekugcineni i-fungus iyajoyina. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amaqabunga aqala ukulahlekelwa isimo, kanti amafihlethi abuna ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lesi sitshalo sifa, kuhlanganise nezifo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane, abathwali be-aphid.
Ukulwa nge-parasite kungcono ukuheha izitha zayo zemvelo: i-eyed golden ne-ladybird. Ungasebenzisa indlela yamakhemikhali. Phatha kahle izidakamizwa "Fufanon" ne "Aktar".
Thrips
Inkathazo encane ebomvu ngobude engadluli 1 mm. Ngokuvamile, ama-thrips agcinwa eqenjini, futhi angaphila ngaphakathi kuphela kweqabunga, kodwa nangaphandle.
Funda mayelana nokuba khona kwamagciwane kungaba emaceleni omhlophe omisiwe emaqabunga. Ama-buds nezimbali zilahlekelwa ngokushesha, futhi isitshalo ngokwaso sidlula isikhathi.
Ekuboniseni kokuqala kwezinambuzane, kuyadingeka inqubo petunia izidakamizwa "Spintor-240", noma usebenzise izinambuzane ezifana "Ankara" noma "Confidor", ukwenza processing izitshalo izikhathi eziningana ngesonto.
Slugs
Enye yezidakamizwa ezingenabungozi zibhekwa slugs. Ukuhlasela kwabo akuholeli ekutheni ukubola nokuhlwanyelwa kwezitshalo.
Ungakwazi ukubona ama-slugs yizimbobo ezisekelwe emaqabini nezimbali. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu yokulimala, okuvezwe ngokulimala ekubukeni kwensimu yakho yangaphambili.
Lahla kusuka ezinambuzane ezinjalo kulula, okwanele ukufafaza umhlaba ezungeze i-petunias superphosphates.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikelwa kwe-petunias ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo
Uma usenquma ukutshala imbali ensimini yakho, kufanele wazi ngezinambuzane nezifo ze-petunias.
Ukuvimbela inkinga Kwanele ukunamathela ekuvimbeleni ezinye izifo ze-petunia: sebenzisa ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi enhle (hhayi okweqile futhi okungenayo i-acidic), ubheke ibanga eliphakathi kwemifula, lisele amanzi ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uqaphele izinga le-nitrogen emhlabathini. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungavumeli umswakama ukuba uqhume emhlabathini.
Ngokulandela lawa macebiso alula, uzobe ujabulela isikhathi eside ubuhle obuningizimu.
