Indlela yokukhetha indlela yokushisa nokushisa ukushisa?

Esikhathini sezulu sezulu, ukutshala imifino kunenkinga eminingi. Ngaphandle, ngisho nokutshala izithombo zentwasahlobo ngokuvamile kudinga ukusetshenziswa okungenani ukushisa okulula.

Futhi isifiso sokuthola izitshalo ezimbili ngenkathi ngayinye, futhi ngisho nokuvunwa konyaka wonke, kudinga ukwakhiwa kokushisa okushisayo kusayithi.

Kungani ukushisa i-greenhouse?

Umbuzo onjengaleyo ungase ubonakale unengqondo, noma kunjalo, uma unquma ukutshala ekushiseni ukushisa okushisa, umnikazi kumele aqaphele ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela ayenayo, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo ezonikezwa amandla nemali etshaliwe.

• Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke kungenzeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elikhulu nomswakama endaweni yokushisa. I-microclimate enjalo yokufakelwa ikuvumela ukuthi usheshe ukusheshisa isikhathi sokutshala izithombo nezitshalo ezindala, kwandisa ukuhluma kwembewu futhi kuvikela izithombo emiphumeleni eyingozi yemvelo yangaphandle.
• Ukushisa i-greenhouse ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule noma yikuphi izitshalo zemifino, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani isayithi nesikhathi sonyaka, ngisho naseziqhumeni ezinzima kakhulu. I-greenhouse ikuvumela ukuthi ukwandise isikhathi sezimbali zezitshalo ze-ornamental, futhi ukhule ngisho nezitshalo ezishisayo ezishisayo.
• Uma usebenzisa ukushisa, kulula kumnikazi we-greenhouse ukulungisa imvamisa yezitshalo, ngisho nenani labo.
• Izinto ezibalwe ngenhla, ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhulisa kakhulu inzuzo yendawo kanye nokwandisa inzuzo, uma ukushisa okusetshenziselwa ukushisa kuzosetshenziselwa ukuma kwezokuhweba.

Ngomlando wokusebenza kwalezi zakhiwo zensimu, zakhiwe izindlela eziningi zokushisa, ezingahlukaniswa ngokwezinqubo eziningana. Lesi sihloko ngeke sicabange indlela yokushisa kwemvelo esebenzisa amandla esilasha, ngoba le ndlela ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Umsebenzi omkhulu ngale ndlela yokushisa ukukhetha indawo efanele yokwakhiwa kwebamba lokushisa, ukusebenzisa ifomu elihle kunazo zonke lohlaka futhi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okushisa nokushisa okubonakalayo ezindaweni zokukhanya kwelanga eliphansi kakhulu.

Bonke abahlala engadini balokhu bethemba ukuthi inani lamahora ashisa liyokwanela ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihle ngaphakathi kokushisa.

Ezinye izindlela zokugcina izinga lokushisa elihle endaweni yokushisa kunzima kakhulu.

Indlela yezinto eziphilayo

Elula, futhi mhlawumbe endala kunazo zonke futhi ezithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi, indlela yokushisa i-greenhouse iyimvelo, i.e. Ukushisa nokusebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa yizinto eziphilayo lapho zibola. Le ndlela idonsela abanikazi besayithi hhayi nje ngokulula kwayo, kodwa nangokweshibhile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa le ndlela, omunye umgomo utholakele - ukufaka umquba wamaminerali wenhlabathi kwenzeka. Izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene kunazo zonke zemifino kanye nomquba, onamandla okuveza ukushisa ekuphenduleni emoyeni, ngokuvamile usebenza njengezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo.

Ukushisa ukushisa okusetshenziselwa ukushisa nokusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe kunamandla amakhulu kakhulu, kodwa futhi kuyasebenza nakakhulu, njengoba kuqeda isidingo sokushintshwa okuqhubekayo kwezingxube eziphilayo ezakhiweni, futhi kuhlinzeka ukusebenza okuzinzile ngokwengeziwe, okudingekayo ukuze kuhlwanyelwe isivuno esicebile.

Izindlela zokushisa ngobuchwepheshe zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinombolo ezincane ze-subspecies, kuye ngemithombo yamandla asetshenzisiwe.

Sithuthukiswe ngogesi

Amandla okwamanje atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe ezwe. Izindleko zalo zingase zibe ngaphezulu kunezindleko zamanye amandla, kepha ngokusho kwabo zithi kalula, ukusetshenziswa kahle, ikhono lokusebenzisa imithombo yokushisa kwezomnotho.

• Indlela elula yokushisa ukushisa ngegesi - ukusetshenziswa kwe-fan heater. Ngokwakhe basho ukuthi kulula, kulula futhi eshibhile. Akudingi noma yikuphi ukuvuselelwa kwemishini yokushisa - okwanele ukuletha ikhebula kagesi nokubeka ifoni yokushisa indawo enhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhamba komoya akuvumeli umswakama ukuqoqa ezindongeni, futhi ukushisa ngokwawo kusatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo.

  Ukushisa okunjalo kulula ukwenza ngezandla zakho. Njengomncintiswano kufanele kuqashelwe imiphumela eyingozi ezitshalweni ezizobe ziseduze nomshuthi.

• Ukushisa kwebhethri Ngogesi, kulula futhi ukuyisebenzisa futhi unesabelo sokushisa okuhle okuhlangene nekhono lokulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokushisa. Noma kunjalo, ukufakwa kwalo akude kube yinkampani elula futhi kuphela umnikazi onolwazi oluthile namakhono akhethekile angakwazi ukubhekana nalo ngokwayo. Kufanele basebenzise umsebenzi oqashiwe.
• Ukushisa okushisayo amaphaneli we-infrared kulula ukuhlela, futhi kuzovumela ukuthi kunciphise kakhulu izindleko ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwala madivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthandwa kwamapaneli e-IR kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukucwaninga kwamandla okuvusa ukwandisa iphesenti yokuhluma kwesitshalo. Ukuphila eside kwemithombo yokushisa kubalulekile futhi - kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-10.

Ukushisa kwamanzi

Njengoba igama lisho, le ndlela yokushisa i-greenhouse isebenzisa amanzi. Iphuzu lapha liwukuthi amapayipi ahlelwe ku-greenhouse, lapho amanzi ajikeleza njengendlela epholile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi angashiswa ngezindlela eziningana - usebenzisa ama-boilers aqinile (amalahle aphephe amalahle, izinkuni, i-peat, imfucuza yokukhiqiza izinkuni, njll), ama-boilers kanye nama-boilers aphethwe ngamafutha.

Kwezinye izimo, i-greenhouse ingaxhunyaniswa nesakhiwo sokushisa esakhiweni sokuhlala. Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lokushisa okushisa okushisa ziningi. Lokhu kufaka hlangana ukulula okululako kohlelo lokutjhisa, ukutholakala okwanele kwezinto zokwakha, ikhono lokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthengisa khulu begodu oluthibhileko lwefuthe endaweni enikelweko.

Umnikazi osebenzayo angenza lokhu kushisa. Izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlanganisa ukubunzima kokulawula ukushisa lapho usebenzisa ama-boilers aqinile. Ama-boilers wegesi anika ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugcina indawo enhle.

Umoya ofudumele

Kulesi simo, njengoba kungenzeka kakade kuqondwa egameni, umoya ovuthayo usebenza njengomthwali wokushisa.

• Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa ukushisa nokusebenzisa ama-burner catalytic okushisa umoya endaweni yokushisa lapho kushiswa igesi lemvelo noma ibhodlela. Izindlwana zisetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukushisa kuyadingeka okwesikhashana, isibonelo, ezimweni zeqhwa.
• Olunye uhlobo lokushisa emoyeni lufana namanzi, kuphela kuleli cala, i-polyethylene hoses ene-perforated ebizwa ngokuthi i-polyethylene hoses, lapho kusetshenzwa khona umoya ofudumele oshisayo, oshisa umhlabathi.
• Futhi ekugcineni, ukushisa kwe-greenhouse ngokusizwa ngesitofu esihle esidala. Naphezu kokuthobeka, le ndlela akufanele ibhalwe phansi. Izindleko zayo eziphansi, ukulula nokusebenza kahle zikhuluma ngokwabo.

Ukushisa izitshalo zokushisa ngezandla zakhe

• Ukushisa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngoba idivaysi yakhe ibhekwa njengendlela efanelekayo yehhashi nemfucumfucu wezinkomo, njengoba inesimo eside kakhulu sokushisa. Izitshalo zemifino zivame ukusetshenziselwa - ama-75% amaqabunga awile ahlanganiswe nomquba, noma amaphesenti angama-30% we-peat ediliwe yengezwe kuma-70% omquba bese ephathwa ngesisombululo se-urea emakethe angu-0.6%. Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ingxube yezinto eziphilayo ibekwe ku-greenhouse, kufanele iphethe. Ukwenza lokhu, uyasifaka bese ehambisa amanzi noma i-mullein.

  Ngezinye izikhathi ukusheshisa inqubo ngokusebenzisa amatshe ashisayo. Emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, inqubo yokushisa iqala, njengoba kuboniswa ukuphakama kokushisa kuya ku-50-60 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho, ku-greenhouse, esikhundleni semibhede, isendwangu esivundile esinobuningi be-bayonet yesiphithi sisusiwe. Khona-ke umquba ngokwawo, noma ingxube. Uma kusetshenzwa izinyosi zezinkomo, ungqimba lwe-brushwood kuze kube ngu-10 cm ubukhulu kufanele bubekwe ku-sawdust, okuzokwandisa i-aeration. Phakathi nendawo kufakwe umquba oshisayo, futhi eduze kwemiphetho - epholile. Umquba ukhokhelwe ngesilinganiso se-0.3-0.4 cubic metres ngehora elilodwa lesikwele.

  Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lapho umquba usuhlelile, enye ingxenye kufanele ifakwe, okumele ifazwe ngendwangu encane ye-hydrated lime, ezokwenza ngcono ukuphendula kwesitshalo sokushisa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ivimbela ukubukeka kwesifungi. Khona-ke inhlabathi evundile ibuyela endaweni yayo ngendlela yobuningi obukhulu obungama-20-25 cm. Izitshalo zingatshala emhlabathini emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

• With ukushisa izitofu Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucacisa indawo lapho lokhu kusetshenziselwa khona ukushisa nokushisa komshini, kucatshangelwa ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuphepha komlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitshalo akufanele zitholakale eduze kwesithando somlilo, ngoba Ukushisa komlilo kungaba nomthelela omubi kubo. Uma ufaka isithando somlilo, izinto zokugaya kufanele zisetshenziswe esakhiweni sokwakhiwa kwesisekelo nezindonga eziseduze zokushisa. Ipayipi yomswakama ivame ukuboniswa ngendlela yokuthi ubude bayo ku-greenhouse bukhulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okungcono kokudlulisa ukushisa. Akudingeki ukuthi, imikhiqizo yokushisa akufanele iwele ngaphakathi kokushisa, futhi ekamelweni ngokwayo, kufanele ucabangele izindlela zokugcina umswakama omuhle nokufinyelela emoyeni omusha.
• Njengoba enqume ukufudumala ukushisa usebenzisa ugesi, okokuqala, umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngokubeka ikhebula lamandla ahlukile ekwakhiweni, okungamelana nomthwalo olingana namandla aphelele okusetshenziselwa ukushisa asetshenzisiwe.
  Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukuthungatha okuphephile futhi udonse ikhebula kumshini ohlukile wepakethe. Uma ufaka izitshalo zokushisa emshini wokushisa (ama-heaters fan, ama-panels, ama-heaters, njll), izici zabo kufanele zicatshangelwe, kuboniswe kumashidi e-technical data - amandla, indawo yokushisa, ukuqondisa imisebe, njll.

  Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucabangela ukuthi uma kwenziwa isinqumo sokusebenzisa ikhebula njenge-element element yokushisa, sebenzela ku-greenhouse esakhiwe kakade kuyoba nzima kakhulu, kusukela ukuze ubeke ikhebula, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe ungqimba oluvundile lomhlabathi, udale imishini edingekayo yekhebula bese ubuyela inhlabathi endaweni yayo.

• Ukushisa kwamanzi noma umoya Ukushisa okushisa kungadinga futhi umsebenzi omkhulu. Ngedivaysi yakhe kuzodingeka bakhe indawo yesikhumba sokushisa, kanye nesistimu yangempela yokugeleza kwamanzi noma emoyeni. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukudala uhlelo lokushisa okumele lubonakalise indawo kanye nokuthambekela okudingekayo kwendlela yokuhambisa, uma kunesidingo, ukufaka ipompo endaweni yokushisa kwamanzi, uma kungenakwenzeka ukujikeleza kwemvelo.

  Njengesixazululo esilula, ungasebenzisa ukushisa kwe-stove ekhona. Kulesi simo, i-tank yamanzi ifakwe esitofu, lapho kuqhutshwa khona amapayipi ngamanzi ashisayo ajikelezayo.

• Ukushisa kwegesi ukuhlela kulula kakhulu uma usebenzisa ama-gas cylinders. Kulokhu, ukulimazeka kanye nomlilo wezinhlelo ezinjalo kufanele kucatshangelwe uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokusingatha imishini yegesi. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-wiring gas igxuma endaweni yokushisa, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela wonke amalunga nokuxhuma. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa igesi kusuka kumbhobho, kuzodingeka uthole izimvume ezifanele eziphathimandla zokulawula. Njengasendabeni yama-heaters kagesi, uma efakwe emahlampini asebusini abamba ukushisa asebenzisa igesi yemvelo, kufanele acabangele izici zabo zobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, indawo yokushisa, ukuqondiswa kokugeleza komoya ovuthayo.

Njengoba kungabonakala kusukela ngenhla, ukushisa okushisa okushisa kungenziwa ngendlela ehlukahlukene. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ubude besikhathi lapho kubalulekile ukugcina ukushisa, ubukhulu kanye nokuklanywa kwekamelo, ukutholakala kanye nezindleko zemithombo yamandla. Kuphela emva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukwenza isinqumo sokugcina mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesimiso esithile.

Isithombe

Ungabheka izinhlelo zokushisa zokugcina izithombo nezithombo zokugcina ezithombeni ezilandelayo: