Uma ama-eggplants ephuzi noma ehlunga ngaphandle kwesizathu - ungasheshi ukwenza iziphetho eziphuthumayo futhi ubhubhise izitshalo ngokukhathala kwama-fertilizer.
Ukuqala, bheka izithombo: ukubonakala kwalo kungabonisa ukuthi kungani izithombo zifa.
Namuhla sizobona ukuthi kungani izitshalo zeqanda zivuna futhi ziwa? Yini okufanele uyenze uma amaqabunga esomile izitshalo zeqanda?
Kungani amaqabunga ezithombo zezitshalo zeqanda aphenduka ophuzi?
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda ziphenduka ophuzi:
- inhlabathi ephansi ye-nitrogen;
- umswakama owedlulele;
- ukutheleleka kwefungal uhlelo lwempande - i-fusarium, i-verticillus;
- ilanga eliqondile.
Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen
Inhlabathi akuyona nje kuphela umthombo obalulekile kodwa obalulekile we-nitrogen kuma-eggplant akhulayo. Uma lesi sitshalo singatholi inani elanele lokuhlunga ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwempande, ludonsa izinto ezidingekayo zokwakha amangqamuzana amasha.
Abakhulu kunabo bonke abasengozini - amaqabunga aphansi e-cotyledon, angabalulekile kakhulu kulowo mkhakha kunezansi ezikhulayo.
Kubalulekile! Uma kukhishwa kakhulu ukuntuleka kwe-macronutrient, kuphakama "ukuphuza" uphiko.
Ngokuhle ukumba isitshalo bese ukhulula ingxenye yayo engaphansi komhlaba. Uma uhlelo lwempande lungaguquki, futhi amaqabunga e-cotyledon aphenduka aphuzi futhi abune - isithombo ukucwiliswa okuphuthumayo ngomanyolo we-nitrogen kuyadingeka.
Khumbula ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izimali ezitholakale ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalelo ukuze ungayidluli ngesilinganiso futhi ungalimazi izithombo.
Ubuningi bomhlabathi obunamanzi
Ubuningi bomhlabathi obuningi bunomthelela ohlukile kumbewu: ukuphuziza kuqala phezulu. Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa uhlelo lwempande, izinhlayiya ezimanzi zomhlaba zitholakala phakathi kwezimpande ezihlangene.
Ngezansi kanye nezindonga zeziqukathi ezinezithombo kukhona amanzi anesisindo kanye nesitshalo esihlaza somhlabathi - isibonakaliso sokukhula kwefloral fungal.
Izinyathelo zokusiza ziyi: uma kunokwenzeka esikhundleni somhlabathi ebhokisini lokuhlwanyela.
Uma amanzi edlula phansi - yenza izimbobo eziningana zamanzi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ubeka ibhokisi ekhaleni.
I-Fusarium
Fusaria - umkhuhlane wehlabathi ohlasela izitshalo ezibuthakathaka. Ngokuvamile, izingxabano zifakwa emhlabathini ngembewu engaphenduliwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle, ifomu lesibhukela elibhubhisa kusuka ezinhlamvu, ukungenela izitshalo ngezimpande ezilimazayo noma izilonda esiteshini.
Ukuvela kwesitshalo seqanda, esithintekayo yi-fusaria, sinalo:
- ukuphuza ukukhula;
- umbala obomvu we-stem nokunqunywa kwayo;
- i-pink bloom ezimpandenisondela emhlabathini ingxenye yesithombo;
- amaqabunga aphuzi nge-streaks elula;
- ama-cotyledon asephuzi ashiya ama-tubules.
Ungasiza izitshalo kanje:
- ususe izitshalo ezibhubha ebhokisini, ubeke esitsheni esihlukile lezo ezingasindiswa;
- faka ibhokisi lomhlabathi izithombo;
- sebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-fungicidal (Benazol, Fundazol, Strekar, Trichodermin) ngokwemiyalo.
I-Verticillosis
Esinye isitha sama-eggplants yi-fungus Verticillium. Umphumela wokwethulwa kwalesi sifo kulesi sitshalo ukuwa kweqabunga nokushesha kweqabunga. Imbewu ehluliwe ifa.
Izibonakaliso ezilandelayo zizosiza ukubona isitshalo esinesifo:
- bamangala amaqabunga abukeka ashayela, aphelile, ukuphuza kwabo kuqala nge-streaks;
- emva kokushintsha umbala wabo izingxenye zemifino yezitshalo seqanda: bayaphuma bese bewa, beka umqondo wokuthi amaqabunga ashisa ngamanzi abilayo;
- on the cut isiqu sinosundu.
Amacebo omzabalazo:
- ngokushesha ususe izithombo ezigulayo (kungcono ukuzishisa ukuze inhlama ingahlali emgodini womquba;
- utshale ama-eggplant anempilo eklabheni elisha nomhlaba;
- ukuphatha nokuvimbela amafongicides: Previkur, Rovral, Topsin.
Kubalulekile! Ukulwa ne-verticillosis ngokuvamile akupheli ngempumelelo, ngakho-ke zama ukusindisa izithombo ezingenayo izimpawu zesifo.
UV imisebe
Ukuchayeka kwesikhashana isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kubangelwa ukuhlakazeka kwe-chlorophyll, i-cytochrome eluhlaza yokuphefumula eyadingeka isitshalo se-photosynthesis.
Amahlamvubashiswe ingase ibe nama-yellow specks noma uphenduke ngokuphelele.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuphela ukuphakama okuphezulu kwamaqabunga okubhekene nehlangothini elikhanyayo lewindi noma lokushisa okuthintekayo. Uma kunjalo, ke uqiniseke-kubangelwa ukushisa kwelanga.
Uma izithombo zakho zivezwa ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside, kufanele zihlanganiswe ngephepha noma indwangu kusukela ngo-12: 00 kuya ku-15: 00.
Buka ividiyo emfushane endleleni yokubhekana nokuphuza:
Kungani izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda ziphela?
Uma izitshalo ezincane zoma, qiniseka ukuthi esinye sezici asithinti izithombo:
- i-hypothermia ukushisa kwenhlabathi okuphansi;
- ukuphuza okwanele;
- yakamuva ukuqoqa noma ukufakelwa kabusha;
- ukutheleleka kwefungal.
Umhlabathi obandayo
Ngendlela yokuqhuba isitshalo, inhlabathi evutha ngumhlabathi ingena ezitshalweni zezitshalo zamaqabunga ezimpandeni.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingekho ngokwanele Izinqubo zokuthuthwa komswakama ziphazamiseka.
Lesi sitshalo siphelelwe amandla ngaphandle kokuchelela okwanele.
Thola ukuthi inhlabathi ayikhohli yini ngokusungula noma umoya obandayo kusuka emgwaqeni. Linganisa izinga lokushisa elincane - uma lingekho phezulu, sebenzisa ukushisa okufakelwayo kwenhlabathi kanye nezithombo zokuchelela ngamanzi afudumele 25-28°.
Ukwehla kwamanzi
Ukunisela okunganele amaqabunga abukeka evilaphayo, omncane futhi ewa phansi ngaphansi kwamandla ayo. Ukushintsha kombala wezingxenye zemifino ye-seedling akuyona into ebonisa ukungabi namanzi okutshala. Isidingo sokushintsha indlela yokutshala izithombo kuzobonisa umhlaba owomile.
Ungafunda mayelana nendlela yokuhlela kahle ukuchelela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda, lapha.
Ukucindezeleka
Ukuqothula amaqabunga e-cotyledon we-isitshalo seqanda emva kokucubungula noma ukutshala kabusha kuthathwa njengokuvumelekile.
Ngenxa yamandla alahlekelwe yisitshalo ngenkathi evumelana nemvelo entsha futhi elimaza ingxenye yengcenye, amaqabunga amancane aphansi we-isitshalo seqanda angafa. Uma uqaphela lokho phezulu kwesitshalo kumile - isizathu asiyona ushintsho lomhlabathi.
I-fungus
Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwezifo zefungula kungase kubonakale kufana nokuqothula kwamaqabunga.
Ukuphoqa okuqondile kuyingozi kakhulu - okutholiwe futhi futhi izifo ezingelapheki. I-cut cut of the root root of the stem seedling izosiza ekuqedeni umonakalo owenziwe ngefungal kuya izithombo.
Endleleni yokuvuna
Ukuthola izizathu zokushintsha kwesimo sezithombo, ukwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile nokuhlinzekela ngokuphuthumayo isitshalo se-drooping yisinyathelo esikhulu ekuvuneni okucebile. Ukubheka nsuku zonke kwezitshalo ezincane kanye nezidingo zabo ezilula, kodwa ezidingekayo kuzokusiza kule ndaba ethintekayo.
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda:
- Izindlela ezehlukene zokulima: ezibhebhethini ze-peat, enkonzweni nasemaphepheni angasese.
- Zonke izici zokuhlwanyela ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
- Imithetho yegolide yokukhula kusuka enzalweni.
- Izici zokulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia: ema-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
- Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala.
