Khulisa amazambane ku-greenhouse unyaka wonke - umsebenzi owusizo kakhulu. Uma i-greenhouse ishisa, khona-ke izilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa zatshalwe ngo-December, zizokhiqiza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi uma amazambane amasha atshalwa ngo-Agasti, ukuvuthwa okugcwele kuzofika kuKhisimusi. Ukuze uthole lo mphumela, kudingeka ukhethe okulungile ibanga futhi uqinisekise ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Amaplathi wokugcina izithombo
- ukhule amazambane kungaba izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ngonyaka;
- ukuvuna ukushisa ukushisa kunomthamo omkhulu;
- ukutholakala kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kanye nezinye izinambuzane kuncishisiwe;
- ukunakekelwa okuncane
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene
Ukukhetha ibanga, ukhokhe, okokuqala, qaphela imibhalo yokuvuthwa. Fit ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, ukuqala nokuqala kakhulu kuncono kakhulu.
Kusukela kulabo abathintekayo ekukhuleni kokushisa, izinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile zingahlukaniswa:
- Priekule ekuqaleni - ezihlukahlukene ezivela ekuqaleni. It has a ukuphakama medium bush kanye amahlamvu amahle. I-peel nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokwazo zimhlophe. Ukuma kuyindilinga, kancane kancane. Ukudla kuyanelisa. Ikhula kahle ekutshaleni okuqina. Kokungalungi - ukungazinzi kokulimaza okuphelile.
- Kharkov ekuqaleni - Ezihlukahlukene ukushisa ukushisa futhi ezivuthiwe kakhulu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zizungezile, zifakwe kancane, zibomvu. Isihlahla esineqabunga eliphakathi nendawo, ukunambitheka kuyanelisayo.
Ngisho nasendlini yokushisa ungathula ngempumelelo amazambane, amazambane.
Izidingo zokushisa
Noma yiluhlobo luni lokushisa olufanele ukuhluma amazambane:
- Ifilimu. Kungenziwa ngesisekelo sensimbi noma isakhiwo sokhuni. Inzuzo yalolu ukwakhiwa yintengo ephansi futhi kungenzeka ukuzakhela, ngaphandle kosizo lwabachwepheshe.
- I-Polycarbonate. Akuyona eshibhile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamafama ezikhathini zamuva. Inzuzo yokugqoka i-polycarbonate kulula ukufakwa nokuqina okuphelele.
- I-Glass. I-greenhouse inezindleko eziphakeme, kodwa inzuzo engafanelekiyo amandla ayo nokuqina kwayo.
Izimfihlo ezikhulayo
Izinto zokutshala
Ukuze ube nokuvuna okuhle, kufanele uqale ukubhekela izinga lezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa. Wabo etholakala kubaphakeli noma ulungise izilimo eziyizigaxa zakho, ube nezici ezinhle futhi uqoqwe ezihlahleni eziphakeme.
Uma usebenzisa indaba yakho yokutshala, ukulungiselela isivuno esizayo kufanele kuqale ekwindla. Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zihambisane.. Kumele bahlanzwe futhi bafakwe kwisisombululo esilula se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-3-5. Ngemuva kwalokho, yoma amazambane kahle, futhi usakaze emgqeni owodwa, ushiye elangeni ukuze uhlele indawo.
Indlela yokuhlelwa kwemvelo yenza ukuba kukhule imbewu enhle entwasahlobo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa eziluhlaza azihlwanyeli esiteji ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke amazambane alungiselelwe akukho nesithakazelo amagundane.
Amazambane atshalwe kuphela afanele ukutshala, akunakwenzeka neze ukuwudla.
Amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zisuswe endlini encane futhi zisakaze egumbini lokuhluma.
Okulungile lokushisa ngalezi zinhloso ngu 13-20 ° C. Endaweni yokuhluma amazambane kudingeka adale umswakama othile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezilahliwe zifakwe ngamanzi kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela usayizi wehlumela ngaphezulu kuka-1 cm.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kuqala nokubandakanya ekwindla. Amazambane udinga ukuthola i-nitrogen ne-potassium futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu isebenzisa umquba noma i-humus. Ngemuva kwalokho, umhlaba uhlelwe kahle futhi ushiye kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokutshala.
Uma ukushisa okushisa kushisa, emva kokuphela kwesithwathwa, ungaqala ukutshala amazambane. Ngaphandle kwalokho inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele ku-5-6 ° C ngokujule okungenani u-10 cm.
Ukufika
Indlela yokutshala amazambane ku-greenhouse yile ndlela elandelayo: imigqa egciniwe kufanele ibekwe emhlabathini bese ugoba izimbobo njalo cm 20-40. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zilungiselelwe futhi zihlume wangcwatshwa kulezi zimbobo kuya ekujuleni kuka 6-7 cm bese ufafaza umquba phezulu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kumele libe ngu-55-60 cm.
Uma kunezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu kakhulu, akufanele zinqunywe ukugwema ukubukeka kokubola. Kulesi simo, udinga kuphela ukwandisa ibanga phakathi kokufika.
Kutshalwa izilimo eziyizigaxa ungabi namanzi izinsuku ezingu-20. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukudala isimo sezulu esifisa, lezi zigelekeqe zimbozwe ifilimu, esuswa lapho amahlumela okuqala evela khona. Ukunisela kuyanda ngokuqala kwezimbali bese uletha umswakama wenhlabathi kuya ku-90-100% HB.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amahlumela okuqala izovela ngenhla kakade izinsuku ezingu-10-12. Endaweni yokushisa, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elithile ngezigaba ezahlukene:
- Isikhathi sokukhula - 18-20 ° С
- Ukuqhaqhazela kanye nokuqhakaza - 22-23 ° C
- Ukubunjwa kwe-Tuber - 16-18 ° С
Umhlaba phakathi naso sonke isikhathi kufanele kube ehlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kokhula kanye idinga ukukhululeka njalo futhi i-hilling.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuthi ukuvunwa kwakujabulisa emehlweni, ngokuphelele hhayi okwanele ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihluma ezweni elungisiwe. Kuzo zonke izimila zenkathi kudinga ukudla okufika ngesikhathi.
Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha emva kokuhluma. Okufanele kakhulu kule njongo umquba noma izinkukhu zezinkukhu. Ukuze ukwenze udinga ukuthatha umquba noma ama-droppings uphinde uxubane ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:15.
Isixazululo kufanele simele izinsuku ezimbalwa, emva kwalokho sekulungele ukusetshenziswa. Nisela amanzi emahlathini ngaphansi kwempande ngempela emva kwemvula noma ukuchelela okuningi.
Esinye isihlahla ilitha eyodwa yesisombululo idliwe. Okuphakelayo okulandelayo ngaphambi kwe-hilling. Ungasebenzisa iresiphi yangaphambilini, kodwa ungasebenzisa enye, hhayi ephumelelayo kangako. Engeza isipuni esisodwa se-urea kwibhakede lamanzi noma ususe umanyolo olungiselelwe obizwa ngokuthi "i-Mortar" emanzini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kuyigamu lika-litre ehlathini.
Namanje amazambane amahle iphendula ekugqokeni komlotha. Ichitheka futhi emanzini, ibhakede lamanzi amagremu angu-100.
Amathiphu Okuphakelayo:
- Umanyolo kufanele wenziwe kusihlwa futhi emva kokuphuza noma imvula.
- Isixazululo akufanele siwele emaqabeni asitshalo.
- Ama-fertilizer owomile ayasebenza kangcono kuncibilika emanzini.
Ukugcina zonke izimo nezeluleko akulula, kodwa imiphumela izolungisa zonke izinkinga. Phela, inzuzo engafanelekiwe yamazambane ekhulayo ezimweni zokushisa yilokho ngokunakekela nokudla okunempilo, izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nezihlahla akuthinteki izifo.
Yikuphi okunye okungakhuliwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yethu.
Ulwazi oluwusizo kuvidiyo:
