Izimbiza ze-Peat zokukhula kwezithombo zika-tomato zavela maduzane. Kodwa-ke, sebevele bathandwa kakhulu. Ngisho nabalimi abangenalwazi bangakhula izithombo kuzo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukulungisa kahle izimbiza zezitshalo nembewu yokutshala, indlela yokunakekela izithombo ezinjalo, emva kwesikhathi esingasetshala emhlabathini. Futhi ngikutshele ngazo zonke izinzuzo nezindleko zamathangi we-peat futhi uxwayise ngokumelene namaphutha ajwayelekile kakhulu lapho ukhula utamatisi ngale ndlela.
Okuyinhloko yendlela
Okuyinhloko yale ndlela iwukuthi uma izithombo zotamatisi zifinyelela eminyakeni edingekayo, ibhodlela le-peat lifakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nensimu. Ngalendlela, izitshalo azifi, okuvame ukwenzeka nezinye izindlela zokufakelwa kabusha.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuba utamatisi uthathe izimpande ukumba izimbiza akudingekile. Lokhu kungalimaza uhlelo lwempande.
Ziyini lezi ziqukathi?
Izimbiza ze-Peat ziyiziqukathi ezincane.
Bafika ngesimo se:
- Isigaxa esinqunyiwe;
- i-trapezium;
- idayisi.
Ungathola izimbiza ze-peat, ezixhunyiwe kumabhuloki wezingcezu eziningana. Ubuningi bodonga luyi-1-1.5 mm, ubukhulu obuhambayo buba bu-5 cm kuya ku-10 cm.
Ziqukethe inhlanganisela:
- peat 50-70%;
- i-cellulose;
- humus
Izimbiza ze-Peat azilimazi umhlaba, izithombo nezitshalo.
Izakhiwo
Izimbiza ze-Peat zisetshenziselwa ukungahambi kahle kwezimpande; uma zitshalwe endaweni entsha, izitshalo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zikhule. Emhlabathini, athululelwe ezinkalweni ezinjalo, umswakama uhlala isikhathi eside. Izimpande zamatamatisi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela esikhathini sokutshala endaweni enomphela zikhona endaweni efanayo.
Kutholakale Izithombo ezinama-potted aziphazamisi ngokuthola ukudla okudingekayo kanye ne-oxygen. Ngemuva kokuba izimpande zitshalwe emhlabathini, izimpande zithula ngokuthula ezindongeni ezithambile zebhodini. Ziyakwazi kahle ukumelana nomthwalo wenhlabathi.
Izinzuzo nokuqeda
Izinzuzo zezimbiza ze-peat zezitamatisi izithombo yizi:
- porosity elinganisiwe;
- inzuzo yemvelo yomswakama lapho kuguqulwa phansi;
- ukuhluma mahhala kwezimpande zesitshalo esikhulayo;
- amandla
Azikho ukwehla kwezimoto eziphezulu ze-peat zezithombo, ngaphandle kokuthi le mikhiqizo ilahlwa.
Ukulungiselela
Izimbiza ze-Peat zinconywa ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile zezolimo. Intengo ejwayelekile yesitsha eyodwa i-ruble 3, futhi izindleko zesethi zixhomeke enombolweni yezinhlaka futhi ziyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angu-120 kuya kwangu-180. Ngokuzimela, zingenziwa ekhaya.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, xuba:
- ingadi, humus, umquba kanye nomhlaba we-sod;
- isihlabathi;
- ukusika utshani utshani noma sawdust.
Ngakho-ke ukuthi i-cube ekhulayo ayifuni, udinga ukwengeza amanzi ne-mullein ekuhambeni kokukhilimu olukhulu.
- Ngemuva kokuxubaniswa kahle, ingxube ithululelwa ku-greenhouse noma ibhokisi lapho ifilimu ifakwa khona. Ubuningi besendlalelo se-cast ngu-7-9 cm.
- Ngemuva kokumisa phezulu nangaphansi ukusika ngommese.
Ubukhulu obuhle bebhodlela le-peat lika-utamatisi ngu-8 × 8 cm. Ukuze uqale ukutshala izithombo zamatamatisi ku-peat izimbiza, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi.
Ukwenza lokhu ngokulinganisela okufanayo okuxutshwe:
- umhlaba we-sod;
- i-humus;
- i-sawdust;
- isihlabathi;
- i-vermiculite
Ukubunjwa kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe i-disinfection. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungayifisa kuhhavini noma uchithe isisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Izinkomishi
Ngaphansi kwezinkomishi ze-peat kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuvuleka okuncane nge-awl ukuze ukhiphe amanzi angaphezulu. Futhi kuzovumela izimpande ukuba zenze indlela yazo ibe lula. Ngakho-ke ukuthi izimbiza azomile, abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukugoqa ngamunye ngesigxobo sepulasitiki. Uma kungenjalo, usawoti emhlabathini uyakhanya futhi ubonakalise izithombo ezinamathele ezinamatamatisi. Udinga ukususa ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla endaweni enomphela.
Imbewu yokuhluma
Ukulungiselela imbewu yezotamatisi kunezinyathelo ezilandelayo.:
- ukulahlwa;
- i-disinfection;
- ukuhamba;
- stratification.
Ngesikhathi sokudonsa, imbewu engenalutho, eyomile futhi ephukile ivunwa. Bashiywa imizuzu engu-5-10 ngesisombululo se-sodium chloride. Umkhumbi uphumele ngaphandle, ngoba awufanelekile ukufika.
Inqubo yokucwiliswa kwemithi nge-3% i-hydrogen peroxide noma i-1% isisombululo se-potassium permanganate, imbewu iyamelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Inqubo ehambayo isisiza imbewu ukuba ikhule ngokushesha.
Imbewu isakazwa ngendwangu encane noma ikotini, ehlanganisa ikhava. Konke lokhu kufakwa endaweni efudumele, ngenxa yokuvuvukala, baqala ukuhluma.
Inqubo ye stratification ihlanganisa ukubeka izinqubo ze-utamatisi esiqandisini sebusuku, efrijini, ngosuku abafakwa ngayo egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela + ku-18 ° C ... + 20 ° C. Lokhu kudinga kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana. Ngenxa ye-stratification, izithombo ziphikisana nezinguquko zokushisa.
Uma kwenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa imbewu endala yokutshala utamatisi, bayelulekwa ukuba baphathwe ngama-phytohormone compoundsokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezithombo.
Kubalulekile! Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma imbewu isetshenziselwa izithelo ezazingekho emanganese nase-potassium, izinga lokuhluma lizobe liphansi. Ukuze izithombo ezinjalo zingavumi ukukhula kwazo, zidinga ukuba zihlungwe isisombululo somanyolo obunzima ngamahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokutshala, futhi zomiswe ngaphambi kokutshala.
Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Ukukhula Iziqondiso
Cabangela indlela yokukhulisa utamatisi izithombo ku peat izinkomishi. Ukuhlwanyela izithombo utamatisi kudinga imbewu kanye peat izimbiza ngenhlabathi efanelekayo. Ngaphansi kwebhodlela wathululela ungqimba lwamanzi. Kungaba yi-eggshell ekhishwe, ngaphezulu kwayo inhlabathi elungiselelwe. Akufanele kufinyelele emaphethelweni angaba ngu-1 cm. Ama-Potts ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu afaka ithreyi noma ebhokisini, ehlanganiswe ne-polyethylene.
Ukuhlwanyela Imbewu Yamatamatisi
Ukuhlwanyela kubalulekile ukuthatha imbewu eyomile, khona-ke isikhunta ngeke sibonakale. Imbewu yezimbiza zihlwanyela izicucu 1-2, igxila ekujuleni kuka-15 mm. Kusukela phezulu bahlanganiswe umhlaba futhi bafafaze ngamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa lingama-22 ° C ... + 25 ° C, kuzothatha izinsuku ezingu-6 ukuze likhule, futhi uma likhula lifika ku-30 ° C, izithombo zingabonakala ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili. Ngemuva kokubonakala kwawo, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa linciphwe usuku ukuya ku-20 ° С, ebusuku - + 16 ° С.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo kuyathinteka kakhulu:
- i-drafts;
- ukungabi khona kwelanga;
- ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu.
Ukudonsa izithombo kanye nokuba khona kweziqu ezincane kubonisa ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa noma ukutshala, badinga ukuphuma kancane. Uma kukhona izithombo eziningana zamatamatisi ebhodweni elilodwa, udinga ukushiya eyodwa kuphela, ukhethe owodwa othuthukile kakhulu futhi oqinile. Okusele kungcono ukuchofoza, ngaphandle kwalokho impande ingonakaliswa uma ikhishwa.
Indlela yokunakekela izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini?
Ngemuva kwamaqabunga amabili avela ekuvuneni, baqala ukukhetha. Ukugqugquzela ukuvela kwezimpande ezincane, balimi baluleka ukuphoqa i-taproot ngeyesithathu. Ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwayo, ilanga eliqondile akufanele liwele phezu kwezithombo. Ukubeka izimbiza nge-tomato izithombo kufanele kube ngesikhashana. Indawo yokugcina indawo ivimbela ukushintshaniswa kwe-air.
Ngemva kokuvela kwamacembe amabili wesibili, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lapho izithombo zitholakala khona kufanele zibe + 18 ° ... + 20 ° C phakathi nosuku no-8 ° C ... + 10 ° C ebusuku. Izinkomba ezinjalo kufanele zigcinwe amasonto amathathu, bese kuthi ebusuku kufanele zenyukwe zibe ngu-15 ° С. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zobusuku zifakwa emgwaqeni ukuze zifinyelele kancane kancane endaweni yokukhula kwazo esikhathini esizayo.
Ngemuva kwesonto emva kokutshala izithombo ezinhlakeni ze-peat emhlabathini, kufanele zondliwe ngamanyolo omanyolo wamanzi. Lolu hlobo lwesithombo lunconywa ukuba luphuze kaningi, kodwa lungabi lukhulu. I-peat yinto egcina futhi igcina amanzi kahle. Ukuphuza okungezansi kusiza ukugwema isikhunta nomkhuhlane.
Ukuhlwanyela nini futhi kanjani emhlabathini?
Umjikelezo wokutshala izithombo zotamatisi kwizimbiza ze-peat yizinsuku ezingu-60, kanti usuku lokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile lusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi nesifunda. Ngokuvamile ku-April ezindaweni eziseningizimu, enyakatho - ngoMeyi-ekuqaleni kuka-June. Kubalulekile ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini osuvele ushisayo kuze kufike ku + 12 ° С ... + 15 ° С, futhi futhi uma ingozi yokubuya iqhwa iqedwa.
- Okokuqala ulungiselele imibhede bese ubeka imifula, kuye ngokuthi inani lezitshalo embhedeni, ubuningi bokubekwa.
- Ngemuva kwalokho ugoba izimbobo.
Qaphela! Ama-holes adinga ukumba ubunzulu obungaphansi kokuphakama kwebhodlela le-peat. Inketho efanele kunazo zonke ibhekwa ukuthi ingaba yi-1.5-2 cm ejulile.
- Ukutshala izithombo zika utamatisi kufanele kube kanye nommbiza, ngaphambi kokuba bacebiswe ukuba bathulule ngamanzi bese baphatha ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux utshwala.
- Izingosi zokungena nazo zigcwala ngamanzi kanye nezimbiza ze-peat zifakiwe kuzo, ezifafazwe nxazonke ngomhlabathi.
Emva kokufika emhlabathini angeke kube owomile, ngoba izinkomishi ziqinile. Esikhathini esizayo, geza ukuthi izithombo kufanele zibe yimpande.
Amaphutha avamile
Lapho ukhula izithombo zika utamatisi ku-peat izindebe akuzona njalo ukutholakala izithombo ezinempilo. Ngokuyincike kuncike kumbewu enhle yekhwalithi, ngakho akufanele uthenge imbewu eshibhile.- Izithombo ze-tomato ezinempilo zikhula kuphela ezifanelekayo enhlabathini yakhe. Uma inhlanganisela yomhlabathi embi ithathwa, izitshalo ziyokhula kancane noma zizofa.
- Uma usebenzisa izimbiza eziqinile kakhulu noma ezingasetshenzisiwe kahle, kukhona ukumiswa kokukhula kwesithombo. Esigodini esinjalo, imbewu ingamane iphonswe noma cha.
- Ngokuvamile, uma ukulungiswa kwe-seedbed kungakenziwa, izithombo ziyafa. Le nqubo ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu. Ikhwalithi yesithombo esitholiwe ngezindlela eziningi ixhomeke kuyo.
- Kukhona ithuba elikhulu lokuthuthukiswa kwe-fungus ku-utamatisi izithombo ezinhlakeni ze-peat uma uhlelo lwempande lu-supercooled.
- Uma izindonga zabo zivimbela ukukhula kwezimpande, izitshalo zizoqala ukukhula kancane.
Lapho ukhula izithombo zika utamatisi ku-peat izindebe akuzona njalo ukutholakala izithombo ezinempilo. Ngokuyincike kuncike kumbewu enhle yekhwalithi, ngakho akufanele uthenge imbewu eshibhile.Lapho izithombo ezincane eziphansi zibaphuzi, imbangela yilezi:
- ukungabi nokukhanya;
- ukwehluleka kokudla okunomsoco;
- ukuthuthukiswa komlenze omnyama.
Ubuchwepheshe bezithombo ezikhulayo zika utamatisi ku-peat izimbiza akuyona inkimbinkimbi. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uthole izithombo ezinempilo neziphezulu. Futhi esikhathini esizayo ukuqoqa isivuno esihle.
