Yimiphi imifino yamaminerali eyenza utamatisi adinge lapho utshalwa, yini ongayifaka emgodini wendaba? Izincomo ezisebenzayo

Utamatisi - enye yezitshalo ezithandayo zezakhamuzi zasehlobo eziningi, futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko ngamunye wabo ukuthola ukuvunwa okucebile.

Bonke abalimi banezindlela zabo kanye nezindlela zabo okufezwa ngalo mgomo, abanye bafaka utamatisi ngosizo lwezinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho abanye basebenzisa izithako ezimbiwa ngamaminerali.

Lesi sihloko sizosiza ukuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezakhi ezinikezwa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo nazo zonke amavithamini kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane futhi zifaka isandla ekutholeni isivuno esikhulu.

Umsebenzi wokuqala

Naphezu kokuthi ukutshala utamatisi okukhiqizwa entwasahlobo, kodwa umsebenzi wokulungiselela kufanele uqale ekwindla. Umsebenzi wokuthoma wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana.

Ukukhetha indawo yokulala

Izindawo ezikhanyayo nezifudumele zikhethwa ukutshala utamatisi, lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba engahambi khona emhlabathini. Iminyaka emibili ilandelana utamatisi awunakutshala endaweni efanayo, njengoba kunomthelela ekunciphiseni kwenhlabathi futhi kwandise ubuningi bayo. Kungcono uma izithombo noma imbewu zitshalwe endaweni lapho zikhule khona ngenkathi yokugcina:

• anyanisi;
• i-garlic;
• izaqathe;
• ukhukhamba;
• iklabishi;
• i-zucchini;
• amabhontshisi;
• ithanga.

Qaphela! Akunakwenzeka ukutshala utamatisi emkhakheni emva kwamazambane kanye nezinye izinhlanzi, ngoba zonke lezi zitshalo zihlaselwa yi-Colorado mbatata beetle futhi zithinteka yi-blight.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Ekuseni, emva kokuvuna, umhlaba kufanele uhlonywe noma uthathwe ngesandla ngokujula kwama-22 kuya ku-25 cm. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala isivuno, umhlaba uqhutshwa okwesibili: ukumba ngefosholo noma amafoloko. Umhlabathi olungiselelwe ngale ndlela ugcwele umoya-mpilo, owenziwe obala futhi otholile; lapho umba, ungakhipha futhi uchithe izimpande zazo zonke ukhula.

Ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto

Utamatisi isithombo

1. Izithombo ezikhulile ekhaya kumele zibe "nzima": isikhathi esithile (ezinsukwini ezifika ku-15-20) izitshalo zithathwa emgwaqweni, lapho zihlala khona isikhathi esithile (kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya kumahora angu-10 nsuku zonke). Isikhathi esincane sokuqina siyizinsuku ezintathu, kodwa kungcono ukwabela lesi sigaba isikhathi esiningi: kunomphumela omuhle kumakhono afanelekayo ezitshalo ezincane.
2. Izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuchelela kumele kunciphise, futhi kungakapheli isonto kumele kumise ngokuphelele.
3. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlwa kosuku lokutshala, amahlumela amancane athululelwa ngobuningi ngamanzi.

Imbewu

1. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini, kufanele futhi iqhutshwe: imbewu ifakwa esikhwameni sesigqoko futhi igxila imizuzu engu-15-20 kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate (1 g yama-manganese nge-1 tbsp. Yamanzi), bese ugeza ngamanzi asebenzayo.
2. Isinyathelo esilandelayo - kufanele sifakwe amahora angu-12 kwisisombululo sezakhi (1 tsp. Ye-nitroammofoski (nitrophoska) ngamanzi angu-1 litre).
3. Khona-ke amahora angu-24 - ukuhlanza amanzi.
4. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-2, isikhwama se-tishu sithunyelwa efrijini (+ 1C- + 2C), lapho kudingeke khona ukunisela khona ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ugweme ukuma.

Yini ongayifaka kusuka eziphilayo?

Cabanga ukuthi kungcono ukufaka emgodini uma ukhula utamatisi ovela kumanyolo ophilayo, into ehlala iseduze, kusuka emakhambi omuthi aqinisekisiwe.

Kubalulekile! Amaminerali amathathu abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuvamile kwezitamatisi kanye nekusasa eliphezulu le-fruiting - i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium.

• I-nitrogen okudingekayo ukuze isitshalo phakathi nokukhula kwayo okusebenzayo, ukuntuleka kwalesi sici kuthinta ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela ase-lateral, amandla abo nombala wamaqabunga.
• Phosphorus liphuthumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus, livuselela ukukhula kwe-fruiting, likhuthaza ukukhula okukhulayo kwesimiso sezimpande zesitshalo.
• Potassium futhi kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa nenani lezithelo, ikhwalithi yabo.

Umquba

Umquba ungumanyolo wemvelo, okuwumthombo wamakhemikhali njenge nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-magnesium, isulfure, i-chlorine, i-silicon, okudingekayo ekuthuthukiseni okugcwele utamatisi. Ngenxa yokuquba umhlabathi ovundile wehlabathi uvela., kuba okuxekethile, okunomsoco, kunciphisa izinga le-acidity. Ayikho umehluko oyinhloko emakhiweni amakhemikhali omquba wezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sitshalo sizosiza kunoma iyiphi yazo.

Ngokujwayelekile, umquba uqoqwe endaweni ethile lapho ugcwele khona, uhlanganiswe nokugqoka eplastiki. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, ihlakazekile ezungeze isakhiwo sekhaya (8 kg we-mullein ngomitha ngamunye we square 1), kanti entwasahlobo itholwa ngqo emithonjeni ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ngena emgodini otholwe ngaphansi kwetamatisi (cishe u-50 cm ejulile), umquba ovuthiwe uqaliswa (250-500 g), bese ungqimba lomhlaba, futhi emva kwalokho, emva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, izithombo zitshalwe.

Ukusetshenziswa komquba omusha entwasahlobo akukhuthazwa ngenxa yokwanda kwawo "ukuhlukumezeka"bakwazi ukushisa uhlelo lwempande zezitshalo! Ngesizathu esifanayo, uxhumano lwezimpande nomquba akufanele kuvunyelwe emgodini.

Umquba

Umquba umquba ophilayo otholakala ekuqhekekeni kwezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwethonya lamagciwane ezincane. Umquba usiza inhlabathi ukubuyisela ubungqabavu, ithuthukise isakhiwo sayo, ithuthukise izimfanelo zayo ezivundile. Lo mphumela ungafinyelelwa ngenxa yokuthi uhlanganisa izinto ezinjalo zamakhemikhali njenge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-carbon ekhishwe ngesikhathi sokubola.

Ngokuyinhloko akunakwenzeka ukufaka umquba:

1. izitshalo ezigulayo;
2. ukhula;
3. imifino ephathekayo;
4. izithelo;
5. amaqanda;
6. amathambo;
7. ikhasi le-citrus;
8. indwangu yabantu namakati, izinja.

Lapho umquba uqala ukugubha, kancane kancane futhi ubonakala sengathi uzofana nomhlaba wehlathi, unganezelwa emigodini yokutshala (200 g ngalinye ngesitshalo 1), ukuxubana nomhlabathi.

Onion Husk

Ikhasi le-anyanisi, elijwayele wonke umuntu, livame ukulahlwa yindlela yokucubungula. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyisici esiyingqayizivele, okwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali okuhlanganisa:

• i-vitamin E;
• iqembu B;
• i-nicotinic ne-ascorbic acid;
• i-phytoncides;
• i-flavonoids;
• i-fructans;
• i-kerotina, njll.

Iningi lalezi zinto zinezici ezincane, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo kufakazela ukukhiqizwa kwe-microflora enenzuzo. Ngakho-ke abalimi abanolwazi abalahla i-anyanisi ikhasi, kodwa bangeze emafomu emhlabathini emithonjeni (ngokusekelwe ezincane ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo). Lo umanyolo uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nomhlabathi ngaphambi kokuthululela emgodini.

Izinkuni zokhuni

I-ash ash yinto eyisimangaliso equkethe inani elikhulu lezici ezibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekufakeni utamatisi:

• i-calcium;
• i-potassium;
• i-magnesium;
• insimbi;
• i-phosphorus nabanye.

I-Ash ayihlinzeki nje ngomhlabathi ngezakhi ezibalulekile, kodwa futhi iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuvikela umhlabathi nezitshalo ezifweni eziningi nezinambuzane.

I-Ash ingasetshenziswa ngqo emthonjeni ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo (100 g yendaba eyomile isitshalo ngasinye). Umhlaba uguqulwe emgodini wokufika, uhlanganise nomanyolo kanye nesitshalo esitholiwe silele isitshalo esitshaliwe.

Kubalulekile! I-ash kufanele ibe umkhiqizo wokushisa okutshala izitshalo!

Imvubelo

Imvubelo yinto enobungozi, imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele, equkethe ekubunjweni kwayo inani elikhulu lamavithamini namaminerali:

• i-nitrogen;
• i-potassium;
• i-phosphoric acid;
• insimbi

Basiza ekuhlinzekeni izakhi zomhlabathi emhlabathini, kubambe iqhaza ekuvumelaneni okusheshayo kwamatamatisi, ukwakheka kwezimpande ezithuthukisiwe, ukwandisa izifo zokuzivikela.

Uma utshalwa utamatisi, umphumela omuhle uzonikeza ukuhlanza kokuqala emithonjeni (ngosuku olungu-1) lwesisombululo semvubelo. (20 g ngalinye ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi afudumele, elifakwe ngosuku olungu-1). Kuze kufike ku-220 g yalesi sakhiwa singathululelwa esihlalweni ngasinye.

Isiphi isidingo sokwenza umquba wamaminerali?

Izitshalo zomanyolo zisetshenziselwa ukutshala utamatisi kuphela uma i-organic ngesizathu esithile ayikwazanga ukusetshenziswa.

1. Superphosphate - Umanyolo we-phosphate wamaminerali aqukethe ezinye izinto eziwusizo: i-magnesium, i-calcium nezinye.

   Ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kumanyolo kuzokwandisa isivuno sotamatisi, kuthuthukise izici zabo zekhwalithi, kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande zezithombo, nokuvimbela izifo eziningi.

   Isilinganiso esidingekayo ngu 10-15 g (1 tbsp. Granules per hole yokutshala).

2. Ammonium nitrate - Umanyolo wamaminerali, isici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho i-nitrogen.

   Lesi sici sinesibopho sokukhula okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokukhula kwezitshalo.

   Kwanele emgodini ukugcwalisa i-tbsp engu-1. granules. Enye indlela: 30 g wezidakamizwa zahlakazwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi futhi achithe emgodini wokutshala ngosuku ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi.

Yini edingekayo ukwengeza umquba obunzima?

1. "Kemira Universal" lakhiwa eHinland futhi ilayisensi eyenziwe eRussia. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zihlanganisa zonke izakhi ezidingekayo nezakhi zokulandelela (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-selenium, i-boron, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, nezinye), ezingavumeli inhlabathi ukuba ichithe. Iphakheji ngalinye lomanyolo linikezwe ngemiyalelo eningiliziwe mayelana nesilinganiso semithi, kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi mayelana no-0.5 - 1 tbsp yengezwa ngqo emthonjeni. ama-pellets, okuyinto ngempela pritrushivayutsya emhlabeni, futhi kuphela ke ukutshala izithombo.

   Lesi sidakamizwa singathengwa ngenani lama-ruble angu-100-120 nge-100 g yesidakamizwa.

2. Ngokuvamile abalimi abanolwazi bathengiwe umquba omuncu ovela ochungechungeni jikelele, equkethe ekubunjweni kwayo okuhlukahlukeneko kwe-micro-and macroelements (umthamo omkhulu we-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium), eyenza ukuqinisa izitshalo, ukwandisa ukuphikisana kwazo nezimo zezulu ezimbi, nokusheshisa izinqubo zezimbali nezimbali. Ama-granules afakwa ngqo emthonjeni ngesilinganiso se-20 g ngesitshalo ngasinye. Ukuthintana kwezimpande nomanyolo akuthandeki.

   Inani elilinganisiwe - ama-ruble angu-450 - 500 ngephakeji ngalinye (5 kg).

Akumangalisi ukuthi bathi utamatisi othakazelisayo kunazo zonke yizo ezakhula ngezandla zazo. Ukusiza ukuqoqa isivuno esihle kakhulu kungaba ukugqoka okuphezulu, okwenziwe ngaphambilini emhlabathini, ngesikhathi sokutshala noma njengoba izitshalo zikhula. Yini ongayidlulisela emgodini - kufike kuphela kumlimi wezitshalo.