Ukucwiliswa kwembewu yamatamatisi ngaphambi kokutshala: indlela yokukhipha imishanguzo efanele, yiziphi izidakamizwa ongakhetha kuzo?

Ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kahle kwezinto zembewu - isiqinisekiso sokuhluma okusheshayo nokwanda komkhiqizo omuhle. Imbewu yamatamatwa idinga ukukhuthazwa okhethekile, ngoba iqukethe ama-inhibitors namafutha abalulekile.

I-Agronomists icebisa ukuqala ukulungiselela le nkathi ngisho ebusika. Phakathi kwezinqubo eziphakanyisiwe ukucwiliswa kwezinhlamvu zikatamatisi.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi imbewu ye-utamatisi ingahlanjululwa kanjani ngaphambi kokutshala: indlela yokukhipha i-disinfect kahle le ndaba.

Iyini imbewu yokuhlunga isifo socansi okudingekayo?

Ukukhipha ukushisa noma ukuchithwa kwemithi - ukwelashwa kwembewu ngezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene (amakhemikhali). Inhloso yenkambiso ukubhujiswa kwamaqanda nezibungu zamagciwane, isikhunta, amabhaktheriya kanye nama-virus phezulu noma ngaphakathi kwenzalo. Ekhaya, ukuphathwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kusetshenziselwa izingxenye ezifakiwe (i-potassium permanganate, i-peroxide), namalungiselelo akhethekile (i-Fitosporin).

Yimuphi umphumela okufanele ulindeleke kusukela enkambisweni?

Umphumela wokwenza kahle okwenziwe kahle kusobala. Okulandelayo yizinombolo ezithile kanye nemiphumela engatholakala.

• Utamatisi isivuno sanda ngo-25-30%.
• Izithombo ezinokungafani nezikhulu kakhulu.
• Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo.
• Ukuvikelwa kwezithombo ezifweni.

Izifo eziyi-80% zezifo ezithwayo zidluliselwa ngembewu kanye no-20% emhlabathini. Ukunqothuka komzimba kuzosiza ukubhubhisa izifo eziphilayo ezilele imbewu. Inqubo ibuye ivikele imbewu kulezi zinambuzane ezihlala enhlabathini.

Iyiphi imbewu okufanele ihlaselwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa?

Ukuchithwa kwembewu akuyona inqubo evunyelwe. Kumele futhi kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba akufanele zonke izinhlobo. Awudingi ukufaka ama-hybrid noma izinhlanzi zokungcola noma izinhlobo zokungenisa okuvela ezweni.

Qiniseka ukuthi ukucubungula ngaphambi kokutshala kudinga imbewu:

• kuthengwa endaweni engathandekiyo noma emakethe ngesisindo;
• ukudlula isikhathi;
• etholwe ngokukhetha ekhaya;
• etholakala ezifweni ezibulalayo noma ezihlahleni ezibuthakathaka.

Indlela yokubulala amagciwane: izindlela eziyisisekelo

Indlela yokukhipha imishanguzo ye-sifanini ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini? Zonke izindlela zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili.

• I-disinfection yokuqala eyomile. Lena yindlela elula kakhulu engadingi ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiziphi izidakamizwa ezisekelayo. Imbewu yamahora angu-1-2 ukwenza ilanga evulekile. Phinda izinsuku ezingu-7. Ngesikhathi sokukhipha ukushisa kwelanga, gulisa futhi uhlele imbewu. Le ndlela inhle kakhulu enzalweni eye igcinwe isikhathi eside ebumnyameni nasebandayo. Ilanga livuselela ukuhluma, libulala amagciwane. Enye ilanga ilanga le-ultraviolet. Usuku lwanele imizuzu engu-2-3 ye-irradiation yezinhlamvu.
• Iqembu lesibili - ukuchithwa kwamanzi okumanzi. Ukwenza isisombululo se-potassium permanganate, i-peroxide, i-boric acid, i-copper sulfate noma amalungiselelo okuvuselela asetshenzisiwe.

Ama-disinfectants

Cabanga ngezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokukhipha imishanguzo ye-tomato imbewu: i-potassium permanganate, i-hydrogen peroxide kanye nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi i-phytosporin, kanye nendlela yokuhlunga kahle imbewu.

I-potassium permanganate

Isixazululo sokusebenza silungiswa kusuka kuma-1% noma 1.5% ama-manganese (1 mg yomuthi ngamunye 1 l amanzi). Ukushisa kwamanzi afanelekayo - I-liquid ephumela ekugcineni kufanele iphendule umbala okhanyayo obomvana. Imbewu yamatamatisi ifakwe emaminithini angu-10-15. Le ndlela yokukhipha imishanguzo nayo ifaneleka imbewu ye-celery, ukhukhamba, i-peas. Ukuze iklabishi, pepper, isitshalo seqanda kanye nedill, ukuhlushwa kwama-manganese kufanele kube ngaphezulu.

Ngemuva kwenqubo, imbewu ihlanzwa kahle.. Khona-ke ingasetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka ukuhluma noma okomisiwe ukuze kugcinwe.

I-hydrogen peroxide

Impahla ewusizo ketshezi ayikona nje ukucwiliswa okusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi ukusheshisa kokuhluma kwesithombo. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulungiswa kwesisombululo.

Kusukela kokugcwala nokulinganisa kwezidakamizwa kuncike esikhathini sokuguga imbewu ye-tomato.

• I-peroxide engama-3% engaguquki. Faka imbewu emaminithini angu-10-20.
• 2 tbsp. i-peroxide ibe yi-0.5 amalitha amanzi. Shiya amahora angu-10-12.
• 2 tbsp. 1 l amanzi. Bamba kufika kumahora angu-24.

Biologics

Iziphambeko Ezivamile

Iphutha elivamile - ukucubungula kokuphambene ngokweqile. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection kwizixazululo eziningana ezihlukene, isibalo, ukushisa, ukuqhwaza, ukuqhuma - izikhathi zalezi zinqubo azikwazi ukuma imbewu futhi zife.

Abaningi be-agronomists bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ukuhluma okuncane noma ukungabikho okuphelele kungumphumela wokungasebenzi ngokungafanele noma ukugcoba. Empeleni, izithombo zingase zingahluma ngezizathu eziningi:

• umhlabathi osindayo;
• ukujula okuqinile kwembewu;
• ukushisa okubandayo;
• ubuhle obuphezulu bomhlabathi;
• ubumvu

Ngaphandle kokucwiliswa kahle kwe-disinfection, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa mayelana nezenzo nezimo ezalandela - ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, ukulima kwe-agrotechnology. Ukuhambisana nezidingo eziyisisekelo - isiqinisekiso samahlumela anobungane.

Ngakho imbewu ye-disinfection iyinqubo ephakanyisiwe kodwa engavunyelwe. Kudingekile ukukhipha ukubhubhisa ama-microorganisms ezilimazayo ngaphakathi noma phezulu kwenzalo. Ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubo, i-potassium permanganate, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-biologics isetshenziswa. Izinhlobo ezinempilo ezingenayo i-hybrid azidingi ukukhipha i-disinfection.