Kungenzeka yini ukuvikela utamatisi ezifweni nendlela yokuphatha imbewu yabo ngaphambi kokutshala?

Abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela imbewu yamatamatisi, ngaphandle kokuwacubungula, ngoba bethemba imibhalo ephaketheni, ethi ukuhamba ngaphambi kokushaywa akudingeki futhi imbewu idlulisele ukulawula. Lena iphutha elikhulu kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kokucubungula imbewu ezithengiwe ezifweni, ikakhulukazi i-phytophtoras, akunakwenzeka nje ukuba ulahlekelwe isitshalo sezotamatisi, kodwa futhi ukuletha ukhunta okungenakususwa engadini yemifino, lapho kungathinta izitshalo eziningi - amazambane, ama-currant, ama-strawberries engadini. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi singasilungisa kanjani amagciwane futhi siphathe inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.

Harm kusuka phytophthora

Uma uhlwanyela imbewu yamatamatisi anesifo esibucayi, endaweni yokushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile, izinhlamvu zesifo zingafakwa emhlabathini, lapho "zingahlakazeka" ngemvula noma emoyeni kulo lonke isayithi. Kunzima kakhulu ukususa lesi sifo, ngoba izinhlamvu zefungi zihanjiswa emoyeni nasemanzini, zikwazi ukubhekana kalula nezinkathi eziningi kakhulu zama-frosty bese zihlala enhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-15.

Ukungenelela esitshalweni, isikhunta sifuna izithelo (ama-strawberries, ama-currants, utamatisi wezinga elihlukile lokuvuthwa), bese uhambisa amaqabunga - uwahlanganise ngefilimu enombala omhlophe. Ukuthunjwa yisifo, ubuningi obuhlaza bezitshalo buyabonakalisa, buhlanekezele, bube bumnyama futhi bube buwa phansi.

Isiqu, esithintekile yi-fungus, siboshwe ngamathanga angcolile ngomphumela wamhlophe omhlophe noma omnyama, uba mncane futhi ufe. Uma ungalwi nalokho okulimazayo, kungabhubhisa sonke isivuno samatamatisi namazambane endaweni, futhi iminyaka eminingi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuvikela utamatisi ezifweni?

Ukutshala utamatisi oqinile futhi unike isivuno esihle - ukwelashwa kwezifo kufanele kwenziwe kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula, kusukela ekutheni imbewu ibe yindawo yokulima. Uma ushiya okungenani isiteji esisodwa - omnyama noma ompunga ukubola, ukulimaza noma i-fusarium ingashaya utamatisi futhi ngeke kube nokuvuna. Ukuvimbela i-fungus ekubhubhiseni utamatisi, udinga:

1. ukuphatha kahle imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala;
2. ukutshala nokuhlanza inhlabathi - emva kokuvuna kanye entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala;
3. ukuphatha i-greenhouse yezifo - ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela, uma izibonakaliso zesifo sefungal zikhona utamatisi ngonyaka odlule.

Kubalulekile! Esikhathini sokushisa, zonke izinhlobo zefungus ziphila kahle kakhulu, ngoba izimo zokukhiqiza kwazo zihle kakhulu - ukuthunga, ukushisa nokungabi khona kwelanga eliqondile. Ngakho-ke, uma ngisho nezibonakaliso ezincane zibonakala, kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle inhlabathi kanye nezindonga zokushisa kabili - okokuqala ekwindla, bese kuthi entwasahlobo.

Kanti futhi, ukuphikiswa okukhulu kwezitamatisi ezifweni, kumele zondliwe ngendlela efanele, ikakhulukazi ngezixazululo zomlotha, udaba oluphilayo kanye nama-humus.

Imiyalo yokuphathwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela

Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ka-utamatisi kufanele ikhethwe ngokucophelela, ihlanjululwe ngamanzi agijima futhi ifakwe esixazululweni esiyakwazi ukubhubhisa izinhlamvu zefungus emthini wokutshala.

Ngokuqondile ukutshala imbewu egciniwe yiyona imbangela enkulu yezifo zamatamatisi esikhathini esizayoNgakho-ke, ukusetshenziselwa kwabo ukufaneleka kuyisiqinisekiso sokuvunwa okuhle.

Ungayifaka kanjani imbewu futhi ungayenza kanjani:

1. Isixazululo saline:
   • isigamu sesipuni sesipuni sosawoti olwandle;
   • ingilazi ebandayo, amanzi aphethwe ngaphambili.

   Emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa qeda ukasawoti, uvuselela kahle. Hlanza ngokucophelela imbewu ngezinyanga ezingu-15-20, susa okufakiwe - ayikwazi ukusebenza.

2. Isixazululo se-soda:
   • ukupheka i-soda ekugcineni kommese;
   • ingilazi yamanzi.

   I-soda idala imvelo e-alkaline ebuthakathaka lapho izinhlamvu ze-fungi zanoma yiluphi uhlobo zifa ngokushesha. Imbewu kule nkinga ikhiqizwa imizuzu engu-15, bese igeza ngamanzi ahlwanyelwe futhi ihlwanyelwe.

3. Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate:
   • izakhi eziningana ze-potassium permanganate;
   • 200 ml amanzi.

   Amanzi kufanele athole i-pink hue epholile. Emva kokufaka izinto ezibonakalayo kulezi zitshalo, kuhlanzwa, bese kufakwa emgqeni omanzi noma nge-gauze.

Yini nokuthi ungayichitha kanjani igciwane ngezwe emhlabathini obala entwasahlobo?

Uma eminyakeni eyedlule, utamatisi noma amazambane azange azilimaze izifo ze-fungal - ekuvimbeleni, kwanele ukutshala inhlabathi ngesimo sokhuni oluthuliwe. I-Ash ngeke igcwalise inhlabathi kuphela ngamaminerali abalulekile (i-potassium, i-iron, i-calcium), kodwa futhi idale imvelo e-alkaline ebuthakathaka emhlabathini. Ikakhulukazi umlotha owusizo wenhlabathi eqinile:

• loamy;
• i-clayey;
• ezingenasifo.

1. I-Ash yokutshala utamatisi ikhokhwa ngesilinganiso se-1 ilitha imbiza yomanyolo ngomitha wendawo skwele.
2. Umlotha awuhlanjululwa ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo futhi uxutshwe ngokuphelele nomhlabathi, emva kwalokho umhlabathi ushuthukisiwe.

Kunzima kakhulu uma ngonyaka odlule utamatisi noma izitshalo ezikhulayo eziseduze (amazambane, ama-strawberries, ama-currants) ayegula ngenxa yokulimala. Lapha awukwazi ukwenza ngezindlela zasekhaya, udinga izikhali ezinzima:

1. Ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi entwasahlobo, umhlaba uzodinga ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-3% sethusi sulfate. Futhi ukugcoba inhlabathi ngokucebile kakhulu, ukuyimba ekujuleni okungenani okungama-25 -30 cm.
2. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokwelashwa kokuqala okudingeka usebenzise lesibili. Hlanganisa ikhambi le-fitosporin "emanzini" (1-2 wezipuni zendaba eyomile ngamabhakede ayishumi-litre amanzi), uthele inhlabathi ibe ngumbhalo, bese ukhulula ungqimba ophezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo kungamalitha ayi-10 emitha ngayinye yomhlaba. Khona-ke ungakwazi yini ukutshala utamatisi.

Iyacubungula izindawo zokugcina izithombo entwasahlobo

Esikhathini senqubo yokubamba ukushisa kufana naso nasensimini. Uma kungabikho izifo utamatisi ngonyaka odlule enhlabathini wenze umlotha. Uma utamatisi ube nesifo esibi sekwephuzile noma esinye isifo se-fungal ngonyaka odlule - izinyathelo eziningana kuzodingeka zithathwe:

1. Geza ngokuphelele izindonga zelitha lokushisa ngesisombululo soda (3 wezipuni we-baking soda ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi), ukukhokha ngokukhethekile izindawo lapho izindonga zithinta khona phansi.
2. Hlakulela umhlaba "Fitosporin" ngesilinganiso esifanayo nasemhlabathini ovulekile.
3. Uma ngonyaka odlule lesi sifo sashaya ingxenye ebalulekile yesitshalo, kungcono ukususa ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi bese uyishintsha ngokusha, njengokungathi ezindaweni zokushisa, i-fungus ivame kakhulu emhlabathini, futhi ngisho nezenzo ezithathwe ukuze zibhubhise zingase zinganele.

Ngakho, Izifo ze-fungal ku-utamatisi ziyingozi kakhulu. Uma i-phytophthora noma i-gray gray ifinyelela ngaphakathi kokushisa noma engadini, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukususa. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi kwenzeke yini lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuthi unqothule izimbewu ngaphambi kokutshala; kuyoba usizo olukhulu kakhulu ukuthambisa inhlabathi njalo entwasahlobo.