Irises - flower cute ngegama "okumnandi". Lesi sitshalo - ummeleli we-genus Kasatikov, okwathi wathola igama elidumile elithi "kasatiki". Esivame kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sitholakala eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Afrika, naseNyakatho Melika. Endaweni yethu ikhula ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250.
I-Irises - yona kanye isitshalo esizokwenza ingadi yakho ikhule phakathi kwezimbali zakuqala kwentwasahlobo nezimbali zasehlobo.
Izimpande ze-iris - filiform. I-peduncles esitshalweni esisodwa ingaba kokubili futhi eyodwa; ziyiminyaka. Emaqabunga amancane, afakwe ngenkemba kukhona i-patina encane. Amaqabunga atholakala eduze kwe-peduncle ngesimo somshayeli, kodwa esinqumeni samaqabunga cishe asisodwa.
Izimbali ze-iris zivame ukuba izimbali ezinga-6 ezi-lobed, noma ziqoqwe ku-inflorescences. Iris flower ingaba imibala ehluke ngokuphelele.
Futhi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani lesi simangaliso esakhiweni sakho, sizobe sitshele kulesi sihloko.
Izici zokutshala irises entwasahlobo
U-Iris isitshalo esingabusika emhlabathini, kepha i-iris isakaze kakhulu entwasahlobo. Uma unquma ukuhlobisa ingadi yakho nalezi zimbali, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi ungatshala kanjani irises entwasahlobo.
Uyazi? Phakathi kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kunesigaba esikhulu, ama-botanists ahlukanisa irises zibe bearded noma non-bearded. Iris ye-beard inezinhlobo eziningi ze-subspecies, kodwa abalimi abajwayelekile basebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi zonke irises ze-beard ziba nobukhulu obuhlukile.
Ukutshala irises, ungasebenzisa izinto ezikhulile wena noma uthenge esitolo: kuzo zombili izimo, udinga ukuphatha izimpande zesitshalo nge "Ecogel" noma "Zircon". Lokhu kuzosiza ukuhluma kokuqala kwesimiso.
Ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo, kubalulekile ukuhlola izimpande, ukususa abagulayo noma abonakaliswe, futhi usike izimpande eside. Ngemuva kwezihlahla, izimpande kufanele zifakwe kwisisombululo esihle se-potassium permanganate (pink pink) futhi sigcinwe kuwo imizuzu engu-20.
Inhlabathi akufanele ibe yimanzi kakhulu, i-loamy, enezinga eliphezulu le-asidi. Umsuka wamanzi - eduze kwe-rhizome. Inqubo yokufika ilula kakhulu. Thela isihlabathi emagodini angajulile entabeni, ubeke ngokucophelela i-rhizome endaweni enembile esihlabathini bese uyifafaza phezulu nomhlabathi, kodwa ukuze ingxenye engaphezulu yesistimu ihlale ingaphezulu komhlaba.
Ukusuka phezulu kwesitshalo kufanele kuphuziswa kakhulu. Akudingekile ukuba udonsa inhlabathi emhlabathini. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbali kufanele libe okungenani ngu-50 cm. Uma isimo sezulu singashisa kakhulu, isihlahla kufanele sishayeke. Ukuvuselela kabusha kwenziwa ngosuku 5 emva kokutshala.
Izici zokutshala irises ekwindla
Abafisi beflorist bahlala ndawonye mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukutshala irises ekuwa phansi. Abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi bathi kungenzeka, kepha kunama-nuances kulokhu okutshala.
Uyazi?Ama-irises asheshe atshalwe emva kokuchichima, amathuba okuthi isitshalo sizokhula futhi sithuthukise usayizi oyifunayo.
Ukulungiselela isitshalo sokutshala ekwindla kufana nokulungiselela ukutshala kwentwasahlobo.
Izimpande kufanele zihlukaniswe ngezixhumanisi zonyaka, ziqede ngokucophelela isikhathi eside kunazo zonke, zibolile futhi zigule, bese zinciphisa uhlelo lwempande zibe yisisombululo se-pink potassium permanganate. Shiya imizuzu engu-15-20.
Khona-ke izimpande kudingeka zome elangeni amahora angu-4-5. Lesi sitshalo senyuselwa emgodini ngesihlabathi, sifafazwe ngenhlabathi futhi siphuzisa. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwe-plantings: kusuka ku-15 ukuya ku-50 cm, kuye ngokuthi ibanga elikhethiwe.
Ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu, izitshalo ezincane kumele zimbozwe ngamaqabunga e-spruce, sawdust, noma indawo yokukhosela eyakhiwe ngezinto ezibucayi: amabhodi, ukuphahlazeka, amafilimu.
Inhlanganisela ye-irises embhede wembali nezinye izitshalo
Irises iyamangala ngobuhle bayo, imibala ehlukahlukene ye-violet, i-lilac, i-lavender, i-fuchsia. Uma sicabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwempande ye-iris luyindilinga futhi lukhona eduze kakhulu nomhlaba, kungcono ukhethe izitshalo "ezihlala" ezijulile kule nkampani.
U-Iris ubheka okuhle ekwakhiweni kwamathrekhi nama-alleys, "enkampanini" nama-marigolds, ama-chives, ama-peonies, ama-spikes, ama-tulips.
Uyazi? Isikhathi se-iris zezimbali sivumela lezi zimbali ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwamachibi anamanzi namachibi, futhi uthando lombali ngezinhlabathi ezimanzi nalo lunegalelo kulokhu.
Ama-Irises abukeka emuhle kakhulu ngokuhambisana nezitshalo ezikhula kancane, ezibeka kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukukhetha irises elimibala elilodwa lunye uhlobo. Ukufika ngokuphumelelayo kuyoba indawo ngamatshe noma ukwakheka okwakhiwa ngokubambisana ngamacoblestones amakhulu amakhulu angafakwa emhlabathini. 
Ku-flowerbed, ungafaka lesi sitshalo ngemifino nezihlahla ezincane ngaphansi kwe-coniferous. Uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa ukwakhiwa, ungangezela i-Dunford iridicodums kuyo - lesi sitshalo sibukeka sifana kakhulu ne-iris futhi sibonisa izinhlobo ezifanayo. Lezi zimbali ezimbili zigcizelela kakhulu ubuhle bomunye nomunye.
Ubuqili bokunakekelwa kwe-irises ngenkathi yokuhluma nokucubungula
Irises ekhulayo ensimini ihilela ukugcinwa kwemithetho ethile ekunakekeleni kwabo. Irises - Izitshalo ezihlulekayo, zidinga kuphela indawo efudumele, ekhanyayo, inhlabathi enomanzi nokudla okwesikhashana.
Iris iyimbali evame ukubekezelela isomiso, kepha ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza kungcono ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi iphele. Ukwenza lokhu, khipha isitshalo ngokushesha, ngokushesha uma ubona "owomile" owomile ojikelezayo esihlahleni. Kudingeka futhi ukukhulula inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kubalulekile! Ekunakekeleni kwe-irises, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwamanzi, ngoba izimpande zesitshalo zingabola.Ku-iris, kubalulekile ukukhipha ukususwa kwamaqabunga kanye namahlumela abonakalisiwe ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba ziyisisekelo sokuzalela izifo namagciwane embali. Ukondla kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ngezinyathelo ezintathu:
- Ukudla kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba iqhwa liqhakazile;
- ukondla okwesibili kuqhutshwa kakhulu ekukhuleni;
- okwesithathu isitshalo sondla amaviki amathathu emva kokuqhakaza.
Umanyolo kudingeka alinganise: imbali eyodwa - akukho ngaphezu kuka-15 g. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokungatshali izitshalo, khona-ke ulungele ukuthi emva kweminyaka engu-3-4 yokukhula endaweni eyodwa irises izoqala ukulahlekelwa imibala yayo enhle futhi ife.
Uma iris ikhula endaweni lapho umoya ovunguzayo uvunguza khona, kufanele uvikeleke kubo ngokwakha indawo yokuhlala, isibonelo, kusukela efilimu.
Kulimaza irises kanye nokhula, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqeda.
Ukunakekela irises emva kwemifino
Ngemuva kokuziqhakaza, ekupheleni komnyaka ka-Agasti (kuye ngokuthi yizinhlobonhlobo), irises ifike esigabeni sesibili sonyaka okhulayo bese ilungiselela ubusika. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungasenisi futhi isitshalo, ngoba sidinga amandla angaphansi kunezimbali.
Futhi, abaningi banesithakazelo ku: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banquma irises emva kokunquma. Impendulo yile: uyayidinga. Ngakho i-flowerbed yakho izobheka ubuhle obuhle, ngaphandle kwamagciwane namabhaktheriya afana nokuphila efihlekile. Kudingeka ukususa izimbali kuphela, kodwa futhi kusale lokho okulimazayo.
Ku-irises, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ngemuva kokuchichima, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesandla. Ukudla okungeziweko kuyadingeka (izakhi ze-nitrogen-potassium-magnesium +), ezizosekela "ubungqabavu besitshalo."
Uyazi? Endabeni ye-irises, ama-fertilizer ephilayo akuyona ikhambi elihle kakhulu, ngoba anesimo somswakama ophakeme. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungasebenzisi umgquba kanye nomquba.
Ngemuva kwezitshalo ezincane zezimbali zimboza kangcono amaqabunga ebusika.
Ukugcina ama-rhizomes iris
Ngokuvamile kwizingqungquthela abazibuzayo: kuyadingeka yini ukumba ama-irises ebusika? Lokhu akudingekile, kodwa uma usuvele uwakhiphe, sizokutshela indlela yokugcina kahle impande ebomvu. Uma ufuna ukugcina izinto zakho ziphephile futhi zizwakala, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyihlanza, ukususa izimpande ezincane nezinde futhi uzihlwanyele emhlabathini. Nokho, iris ingasindiswa njengengcambu.
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kwekutsi iris isitshalo esinomswakama-mnandi, akunakwenzeka ukuyigcina "sihlanganiswe" nge-polyethylene! Impande izobola futhi ayifanelekile ukutshala.
Ukulungiswa kwama-rhizomes we-irises ukugcina kuqukethe izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula:
- ukuhlanza (kubalulekile ukuhlanza impande kusuka emhlabathini)
- ukusika izihlahla (ukusika zonke izindawo ezigulayo, susa izimpande eside futhi ezincane)
- ukukhipha amagciwane (ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate)
- ukomisa (impande akufanele ilandwe ngenkathi imanzi)
- ukupakisha (ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokupakisha)
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwehlukile ngokwe-delenka ngayinye (ngisho encane kunazo zonke) kumele kuhlanganiswe ngendwangu yemvelo noma iphepha, kufakwe ebhokisini, kodwa hhayi eduze kakhulu kuya kwesinye. Isitoreji esinjalo sizokuvumela entwasahlobo ukuthi ungacabangi ukuthi ungatholaphi izinto zokutshala ezempilo nokuphezulu.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo nokukhiqizwa kwe-irises
Ukukhishwa kwe-irises kwenye indawo kuyinkinga engxabano phakathi kwabalimi. Abanye bathi kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela unyaka wonke, kanti abanye bathi kungcono ukutshala kabusha entwasahlobo noma ekwindla zakuqala. Iningi labachwepheshe bathambekele emibonweni yesibili. Khona-ke entwasahlobo izitshalo zizoqhakaza.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Iris - Inqubo yinkimbinkimbi, kodwa iyabangela. I-algorithm yesenzo sokufakelwa irises i-follows:
- Qamba ngokucophelela isihlahla bese usihlanza emhlabathini. Uma isihlahla sinyakama kakhulu nomhlaba, ungasusa ngamanzi ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande.
- Uhlelo lwempande kanye nalo lonke isihlahla kufanele luhlolwe ngomonakalo ngomshini noma izifo.
- I-rhizome inqunywe ngecala elibukhali kakhulu, kodwa ngakho-ke isigaba ngasinye sinomhlane kanye namaqabunga ambalwa.
- Izimpande kufanele zikwekwe ngezikhali ezibukhali engxenyeni bese ziphonsa izendlalelo esixazululweni esincane se-potassium permanganate.
- Izigaba ezitshalweni zidinga ukuba zifakwe umquba nge-sulfure ezixubene namalahle asetshenzisiwe.
- Yomisa ukwaziswa elangeni, ngezikhathi ezithile uphendule.
- Irises zezitshalo emithonjeni evunjiwe ebangeni elingama-40-50 cm kusuka komunye nomunye.
Umhlabathi emgodini kufanele ube nomanyolo olinganiselwe futhi ukhululeke. Emva kokutshala izihlahla ezungeze esihlahleni akudingekile ukuba kunciphise, kodwa amanzi amancane - ngempela.
Iris isakazwa ngokwemvelo, ihlukanisa i-rhizome yehlathi ibe yizingxenye ezincane. Uma ukusika, ummese kumele uhlale ukhukhumezekile njalo ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ngamayunithi okufika, kungcono ukhethe amasheya anezinyunithi eziningana zaminyaka yonke ahlangene ndawonye.
Ungasebenzisa futhi izitshalo ezincane, nama-irises amadala. Isigaba ngasinye kufanele siphathwe nge-potassium permanganate, ungaphinda uqede amalahle bese usula indawo yokusika nayo. Lezi zinto zitshalwe esihlabathini (ngempela zime) 2-3 cm ejulile.
Kungcono ukutshala iris ngokushesha ngemva kokuba sekuphelile, ngoba lesi sikhathi siphumelele ekuthuthukiseni izimpande - bayothatha izimpande ngokushesha.
Ama-Irises angasakazwa yi-seed method, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukukhethwa yibo abafuna ukukhula "hybrid" entsha yesitshalo, ngoba imbewu enjalo iyoqhakaza kuphela emva kweminyaka emibili, ngakho-ke abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa indlela yokudla.
I-Irises - izimbali zobuhle obuhle kakhulu kanye nokubili okungazithobeki lapho kokutshala nokuzinakekela emkhakheni ovulekile. Irises izoba umhlobiso omuhle kunoma yiliphi igceke kanye nenjabulo yangempela kumphathi wayo. Kwanele, njengalokhu kunoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo, ukutshala imali kuyo umphefumulo.
