Utamatisi ophakeme kakhulu kubantu abamatasa "i-Irishka F1": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezici zayo eziyinhloko

Phakathi kokuchichima kwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene kuveza enye yezinhlamvu ezintsha. Libizwa ngokuthi i-Irishka futhi linomusa omuhle kakhulu, isivuno esihle kanye nokuvuthwa okusheshayo kwezithelo.

Lezi zimfanelo zavumela ukuba utamatisi anqobe izinhliziyo ezimbalwa phakathi kwabalimi.

Esihlokweni sethu sizokunikeza incazelo egcwele yezinhlobonhlobo, sikukwazi ngezici kanye nezici zokulima, ukutshela mayelana nokumelene nezifo.

Utamatisi "i-Irishka F1": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo

I-Hybrid eyakhiwe e-Institute of Melon nemifino UAAS eKharkov. Irejista yombuso itusa ukuba kuhlonywe esifundeni esiPhakathi naseNyakatho yeKwaZulu-Natali.

I-Irishka iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene ye-hybrid yama-utamatisi e-F1. It is plant determinant of isilinganiso ubude. Mayelana namamitha ase-indeterminantny funda lapha. Ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-60-80 cm. Ukwakhiwa kwe-inflorescence yokuqala kwenzeka ngaphezu kwamaqabunga ama-5 noma ayisithupha.

Utamatisi ohlukile U-Irishka ubhekisela ekuvuthweni kokuqala, izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingu-80-90 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela. Utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo, ngaphansi kwefilimu egumbini kanye nokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate.

I-hybrid inqabile kakhulu ekuhlaseleni igciwane lesigqebhezana sokubhema kanye ne-microsporosis.

Funda futhi kwiwebsite yethu: Indlela yokunakekela izinhlobo zezinkathi zakuqala? Ungathola kanjani isivuno esingcono kakhulu ensimini?

Indlela yokutshala utamatisi omnandi unyaka wonke ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinokuzivikela komzimba okuhle nokuvunwa okuphezulu?

Izici

I-Irishka ibhekiselwa ezinhlameni ezivuthiwe kahle. Ngokwesilinganiso, utamatisi we-9-11 kg uvunwa ngamamitha square. Kusuka emahektha - 230-540 kg. Isivuno esiphezulu esibhaliwe siyi-828 kg ngehektha ngalinye.

Ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa isivuno sesitshalo nabanye etafuleni elingezansi:

I-pluses ingacatshangelwa:

• isivuno esihle kakhulu;
• ukuzithoba;
• ubunzima bokukhula;
• ukufaniswa kwetamatisi;
• ukugcina okuhle izinga lezithelo.

I-Cons:

• ukuvezwa kokulimaza okuphelile;
• ukumelana kabi emakhazeni;
• Izihlahla zidinga ukuhlanganisa.

Isici esiyinhloko salesi hybrid ukubuyiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwesitshalo. Izithelo ezenzakalweni zenzeka cishe kanyekanye, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-25-35. Izithelo ezintsha azakhiwa emva kwalokhu.

Izithelo ziqinile, zinesikhumba esinamandla, zibe nombala obomvu obomvu nge-metallic sheen. Indawo yombala oluhlaza endaweni yokunamathisela ku-pedicel ayikho. Ifomu liyindilinga, isisindo esilinganisweni siyi-100-130 g. Isithelo ngasinye sinamacumbi amane kuya kwangu-8. Okuqukethwe kwevithamini C kungu-30 mg, udaba olomile 5%, ushukela 3.5%. Izithelo zihamba kakhulu, zingagcinwa amasonto ambalwa.

Ungaqhathanisa isisindo sezithelo zase-Irishka nezinye izinhlobo etafuleni elingezansi:

Utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo afanelekile kunoma yiluphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kodwa luvame ukusetshenziselwa amasaladi ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu kanye nokunambitheka okukhulu kakhulu.

Isithombe

Izinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi "I-Irishka F1" iphinde ithulwe ezithombeni:

Izici zokukhula

Imbewu yanconywa ukuthi izohlwanyelwa kuze kufike ngoMashi 15, emva kwezinsuku ezingu 57-65 zingatshala endaweni engunaphakade. Uma utshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukuthi kuqala ukumboza izihlahla kanye nefilimu ye-polyethylene ebonakalayo ebusuku. Utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo ukhetha izindawo ezithandekayo nezinhlabathi. Ukuqhamuka kwenzelwa ezindaweni ezishisayo ngaphandle kokuthungatha, ngokuvikelwa emimoya eqinile.

Ukunisela kufanele kube kaningi, ikakhulukazi esimweni esomile, kanye nalapho ama-ovari eqala ukuvela kanye nefomu lezithelo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kukuletha izihlahla ezihamba phambili ezihlahleni kahle emgwaqeni futhi zikhule amahlumela okwanele. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-ovari aqale ukuvela, isitshalo sidinga amaphosphorus nama-potassium compounds. Kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngezikhathi ezithile.

Funda kusayithi lethu konke mayelana namanyolo we utamatisi:

• Amaminerali, ayinkimbinkimbi, alungile, aphezulu kakhulu.
• Imvubelo, i-iodine, umlotha, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-boric acid.
• Ukuze izithombo, foliar, lapho ukhetha.

Ngaphambi kokuba izithelo ziqale ukukhula ngenkuthalo, izihlahla kufanele ziboshwe! Uma kungenjalo, utamatisi okhulu kakhulu angaphula amagatsha ngesisindo.

Funda futhi kwiwebhusayithi yethu: Kungani kukhuthazwa ukukhula lapho utshala utamatisi ngenxa yezithombo? Indlela yokusebenzisa ama-insecticide namafungicide engadini?

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomhlabathi utamatisi ezikhona, uhlobo luni lomhlaba olufanele izithombo nezitshalo endala? Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala wena?

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ngokuvamile izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlaselwa ukulimala okuphelile. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ukhunta lapho umswakama uphakeme kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma kuvula njalo noma kunamazolo amaningi awela. Zonke izingxenye zomhlabathi ziqala ukuphendula omnyama nokomile. Ukuze umise lesi sifo, izihlahla ezifuywayo kufanele ziphathwe ngezidakamizwa ze-antifungal. Ama-fungicides afana no-Bravo noma i-Ridomil angasetshenziswa. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuvikelwa okubhekene nokulimala okuphelile kanye nezinhlobo eziphikisana nayo. Futhi futhi nge-Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticilliasis nezinye izifo ezivamile zamatamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Futhi futhi mayelana nezinyathelo zokulwa nazo.

I-Hybrid izinzile ngokwanele ukuhlasela izinambuzane.. Noma kunjalo, ingashaya i-aphid yonke indawo. Ama-insecticide afana noDisis, Iskra M, Fas, iKarate, i-Intavir izosindisa lesi sifo. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwezidakamizwa, ungasebenzisa i-Actellic eqinile, i-Pyrimor ne-Fitoverm. Kanti futhi, utamatisi uvame ukusongelwa yi-Colorado mbatata beetle kanye nezibungu, ama-thrips, ama-spider, ama-slugs. Esizeni sethu uzothola uchungechunge lwezihloko mayelana nezindlela zokubhekana nazo:

• Indlela yokukhipha ama-slugs kanye nezinambuzane zesicabucabu.
• Izinyathelo zokulwa nama-thrips, ama-aphid, i-Colorado amazambane ama-beetle.

Isiphetho

Izinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi i-Irishka - ikhambi eliphelele ezindaweni ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile kubantu abamatasa abangakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ekunakekeleni izitshalo.

Ngezansi uzothola izixhumanisi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi ezinemibandela ehlukene yokuvuthwa: