Izimpande ezimnyama ingotshani obune-biennial noma i-perennial yomndeni wakwa-Borachnikov. Ngenxa yokuhlobisa okuphansi kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kufana nokhula olujwayelekile, olutholakala kumanani amaningi, emigwaqweni nasemasimini. Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangamagama "ubumpumputhe basebusuku", "insipho yekati", "i-cynoglossum", "i-burdock", "i-red bleached", "inja impande". Isimpande esimnyama kade sithathwa njengesitshalo esisebenzayo. Kusetshenziswa emithini yesintu nasendlini. Iphunga elibi elingajabulisi lamaqabunga nezithungo liyaxosha izinduku nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa ziyakwazi ukuhlobisa ingadi ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ngeblackroot kufanele ukhethe okungenani indawo encane esizeni.
Izici ze-Botanical
Izimpande ezimnyama yisisitshalo se-herbaceous esinezindebe eziqondile ezingama-40-100 cm.Isiqalo sobukhulu be-rhizome 25 mm sondla imbali. Imbozwe ngamagxolo abomvu ansundu. Amagatsha amahlumela engxenyeni engenhla, akha izinqubo eziningi ezingemuva, okuthi ngesikhathi sezimbali zimbozwe ngamahlamvu aqhakazile. Iziqu namaqabunga zinobuningi obukhulu buphakeme kunenqwaba emfushane eblue.
Amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile atholakala ezihlahleni, okuthi ngenxa yesiliva grey villi, zibonakale ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokwesisekelo sehlumela, amaqabunga aneziqeshana ezimfushane. Ipuleti leqabunga le-Lanceolate noma le-oblong likhula ngo-15-20 cm ubude, nangu-2-5 cm ububanzi.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izimbali ezincane ziyaqhakaza eziqongweni zamahlumela. Izimbali ezinde zihlala ihlobo lonke. I-efihlekile iqoqwe panicles. Ekuqaleni, i-inflorescence eminyene ifushaniswa kakhulu, kepha kancane kancane iyanwetshwa futhi igcotshwe ngama-corollas amasha. Izimbali zine-corolla ekhanyayo yobomvu obumnyama, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, opinki, onsomi noma obhulowu onsomi. Inkomishi evaliwe eminyene enobubanzi bamamitha angama-5-7 iphetha ngamacembe athambile amile okomelele oblong obukhulu. Ngemuva kokuvunda impova ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, izithelo zivuthwa - amantongomane okusaqanda ambozwe spikes eziningi owuthungwe.
Ijusi lesitshalo esisha linephunga elibi elingajabulisi elifana nomchamo wegundane. Inobuthi obuningi, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokusebenza engadini udinga ukugeza izandla zakho kahle, kanye nokukhawulela ukufinyelela kwempande emnyama yezilwane nezingane.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo
Uhlobo lwempande emnyama luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-83 zezitshalo. Ezinye zazo zithandwa kakhulu.
Umuthi ompande omnyama. Izitshalo ezinokuphakama okungaba ngu-90-100 cm zivele, iziqu zazo zikhule kakhulu. Amaqabunga e-lanceolate ahlukile ambozwe inqwaba ezwakalayo atholakala kuwo wonke umkhawulo wehlumela. NgoJuni, i-inflorescence ethukile yombala we-lilac-ebomvu iqhakaza emaphethelweni amahlumela. Amacembe amancane athambile avela ku-corolla embozwe nge-funnel. Maphakathi nesixekethe. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa emithini yabomdabu, kanye nakwezomnotho ukulwa nezigundane, imvukuzane kanye namagundane.
Impande emnyama imnandi. Isitshalo sokuhlobisa sonyaka ngama-40-50 cm amafomu amade aqhakaza, izihlahla ezikhala. Iziqu eziluhlaza ogqamile kanye namahlamvu kuncishiswa yinqwaba ebomvana. Izimbali ezinobubanzi obungaba ngu-15 mm zidwetshwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ziqoqwe ngovalo, olukhula ngama-inflorescence.
I-Cretan emnyama impande. Isitshalo saminyaka yonke esingu-30-60 cm amade sinehlumela elilodwa eliqondile. Amaqabunga e-oval angama-10-15 cm ubude atholakala esisekelweni sawo. Amaqabunga aphikisanayo aphakathi kombala oluhlaza omnyama akhula esiqwini. Konke ukugcwala komhlaba kumbozwe ngemfoloko ethambile. Ngo-Agasti, izimbali ezincane zaqhakaza ngamaphazili ayindilinga. Ama-petals wezimbali ezincane apendwe mhlophe, bese ephenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma opinki, bese emva kwalokho aphenduka onsomi.
Impande emnyama yaseJalimane. Lesi sitshalo esikhula ngokuluhlaza okotshwe embozwe ngemfumba ethambile ye-silvery. Amaqabunga e-Lanceolate atholakala kulo lonke ubude besiqu. Izimbali ezincane zeLilac-pink ziqhakaza phezulu amahlumela ngoJulayi.
Ukukhula
Ekhaya, izimpande ezimnyama zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Aqoqwa ezitshalweni ngonyaka wokuqala noma wesibili wokuphila. Imbewu evuthiwe, ebunjiwe ichitheka kalula emhlabathini futhi inamathele ezingutsheni. Izitshalo zimelana neqhwa kakhulu, ngakho imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Izitshalo zenziwa ekwindla ziye ekujuleni kuka-2-3 cm. Uma kunesidingo, umhlaba uyanyiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Entwasahlobo, amahlumela wokuqala wezimpande ezimnyama avela ngendlela ye-rosette yamaqabunga ama-basal amade. Uma kunesidingo, izitshalo zingatshalwa ngenqwaba enkulu yenhlabathi. Ukuze usike kangcono isithombo, i- “Kornevin” ne “Ammonium nitrate” ifakwa emgodini omusha wokutshala.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
Izimpande ezimnyama azithobeki kakhulu. Ngisho nangezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, udinga ukunisela okungandile. Izitshalo zilwa nesithwathwa nesomiso, kepha zithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Zitshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ngenhlabathi evundile. Impande emnyama ayibekezeleli inhlabathi ene-acidic. Udinga umhlaba ngokungathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline reaction. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi i-lime ifakwe emhlabathini. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi imbiwa, imivimbo emikhulu yomhlaba yephulwe.
Lesi sitshalo asesabi izinguquko ezingazelelwe zokushisa nokuhlaka, noma kunjalo, kunconywa ukubopha ukukhula okuphezulu ukuze kungahlukani.
I-Tsinoglossum ibekezelela isomiso kangcono kunokugcwala inhlabathi. Akuvamisile ukuniselwa, hhayi ngaphezu kwesonto elilodwa uma kungekho imvula yemvelo. Ukunisela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwayo, inani lama-buds lizokwehla kakhulu.
IBlackroot isondliwa kusuka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Kwanele ukufaka isisombululo somanyolo we-organic noma amaminerali enhlabathini entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Amabhishi amnyama izimpande muhle ngokwawo futhi awadingi izihlahla. Isitshalo sibonisa ngokwanda kwama-inflorescence. Okusho ukuthi, isiqu sikhula kancane kancane sisuka phezulu bese kuvela ama-buds amasha kuso Kuvunguza.
IBlackroot ayihlushwa izifo ezihlaselayo nezifo zezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena uqobo ungukubulala izinambuzane okusebenzayo (kuxosha omiyane, amabhu, ama-slgs nezinye izinambuzane), hhayi kuye kuphela, kodwa futhi nakwabanye abakhileyo engadini.
Izilokazane eziyimpande ezimnyama
Uma izimpande ezimnyama zikhula engadini, khona-ke inani lokuhlaselwa okuvela kumagundane, amagundane nama-moles lizoncishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitshalo ezimpande nezihlahla zensimu ngeke zithole ukulimala okukhulu. Lezi zilwane azibekezeleli iphunga le-pungent lejusi yezitshalo. Ngokwesimo sayo esisha, futhi akumnandi kubantu, kepha utshani obomile abunamakha kangako kubantu.
Amahlumela nezimpande ze-cynoglossum zibekwe emijondolo, emihlanjini nakwamanye amagumbi. I-Decoction evela kwisitshalo ingangezwa ku-whitewash yezindonga. Ebusika, iziqaqa zotshani obomile zihlakazeka eduze kwezihlahla zensimu ukuvikela amagxolo awo ezinsalela. Ukuze uvimbele izidumbu, imbewu ithululelwa emigodini.
Izilwane zizama ukugwema i-blackroot. Uma kufanele uxhumana naye ngqo, ukufa kwenzeka kungapheli imizuzu embalwa. Ama-vapors of alkaloids ane-nerve-paralytic effect.
Izici zokwelapha
Ijusi lempande emnyama liqukethe ama-resins, uwoyela obalulekile, ama-alkaloid, ama-coumarins, udayi kanye nama-tannins. Ama-Roiz rhizomes kanye namahlumela kuvunwa njengezinto zokwelapha ezingavuthiwe. Ukulungiselela kweBlackroot kunemiphumela ye-antibacterial, sedative, anti-inflammatory, astringent kanye ne-analgesic.
Ukugcotshwa kwamafutha nokugcoba kusiza ukuqeda ukushiswa, ukufutheka esikhumbeni namathumba. Ngokuphazamiseka noma ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu, kanye nomdlavuza wamapheshana emathunjini, thatha i-tinctures yotshwala kanye nama-decoctions. Ukusuka kumhluzi yenza amabheshu wokuqeda izinhlungu ebuhlungwini bethambo nesifo samathambo.
Ekuklanyweni komhlaba
Amabheshu ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpande ezimnyama zokuhlobisa alungele ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali, ukuhlobisa imingcele, futhi asetshenziswa nasekutsheni kweqembu okugqamile phakathi kwotshani. Lesi sitshalo singatshalwa hhayi kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa futhi nasezitsheni ezisekhalishini noma ithala. Engadini, omakhelwane abahle kakhulu engadini yezimbali bayi-verbena, i-aster, i-matthiola, i-snapdragon ne-echinacea. Ama-inflorescence amancanyana asetshenziselwa ukwenza izindishi. Kwivazi, impande emnyama izokuma ngaphezu kwamaviki amabili.
