Indlela yokutshala isivuno esihle sembewu? Ukutshala ama-beet entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile

I-beet ekhulayo inezici zayo siqu. Ngoba isivuno sibalulekile isigaba ngasinye sokulima kwalesi sitshalo. Lesi sihloko sibachaza.

Lapha uzothola ukuthi uzohlwanyela nini isitshalo sezinyosi nokuthi yikuphi uhlobo lwesitshalo okufanele ukhethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi luvezwa lapha mayelana nokuthi ukuhlwanyela kwekwindla kuhluke kanjani ekuhlwanyeleni kwentwasahlobo.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza nemiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokutshala izinyosi, ngokuchazwa kolwazi olunjengokulungiswa kwemishini, inhlabathi, imbewu, njalo njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye ihlole indlela yokubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane zezinyosi.

Ngesikhathi sokutshala imifino?

Ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile angahlwanyelwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Imfuneko kuphela yokutshala intwasahlobo ukushisa kwenhlabathi yokushisa, akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C.

Yimuphi ibanga ongakhetha?

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinyosi zezinyosi, futhi ngokuqhubekayo kule mibhalo kukhona izinhlobo zezindawo ezihlukahlukene. Kudingekile ukuthi ucabange ukuthi lezo beet zingaba itafula kanye nefolda.

Ukukhethwa kwezilwane kuncike ekutheni imifino izosetshenziswa kanjani: ukudla noma ukuncelisa izinkomo. Ngemva kokuchaza uhlobo lwezinyosi, ungathatha izinhlobo.

Umehluko kusuka ekwindla okuhlwanyelayo

Ukuhlukana ekwindla okuhlwanyelayo kuhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

• izinhlobo zizodinga ukulwa nomkhuhlane;
• imbewu yokuhluma ayidingekile;
• Kubalulekile ukuthi imbewu kanye nomhlabathi awunamanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izohluma enhlabathini futhi iqede.

Isikhathi

Isikhathi sokufika sincike ezimweni zesimo sezulu esifundeni.: isibonelo, uma eningizimu yeRussia yokuhlwanyela kungenzeka ukuthi sekusekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, khona-ke e-Urals noma eSiberia - kuphela ngoMeyi, noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi uzotshala nini beet, thola lapha.

Ezindaweni ezihlukene, kuye kwaveliswa izinhlobo ezihambisana nesimo sezulu.

I-Russia Ephakathi:

• I-Crimson ibhola;
• Flat yaseGibhithe;
• I-Detroit;
• I-Bohemia

Esifundazweni saseMoscow:

• Pablo F1;
• Mona;
• Nokhovskaya.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Urals:

• Bicores;
• Ngaphansi kwe-A-474;
• Madam

E-Northwest:

• Imicibisholo;
• I-Mulatto;
• Ice elibomvu

ESiberia:

• I-Mondoro F1;
• Masha;
• I-Milady F1.

Eningizimu yeRussia:

• Bordeaux 237;
• Captain;
• Ukuvumelana;
• Kuban borschevaya 43.

Kungenzeka ukuthi masinyane afike?

I-Beetroot ikhula kahle uma ihlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini. Isikhathi sokuvela sithembele ekushiseni kwemoya. Uma umoya ufudumala kufika ku-20 °, khona-ke amahlumela azokwenziwa ngosuku lwesine. Uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu esifudumele (kusuka ku-5 °), kuzothatha cishe amasonto amathathu ukulinda.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuhlwanyela ngendlela efanele

Ukulungiselela

Inventory

Imishini ejwayelekile yokulima ingafaka ihlumela, i-rake, amabhakede, amathini amanzi futhi uyilungisa kusengaphambili hhayi isikhathi sokutshala i-beet.

Kungenxa yezinyosi ukuthi ungasebenzisa uphawu lwezinkuni, olufana ne-rake, kodwa oluhloselwe ukudweba imigqa yokuhlwanyela imbewu.

Yimuphi umaka olula:

• Kulula ukulungisa ukujula kwemigqa nayo, kuxhomeke emandleni okucindezela esibambini somaka;
• Ungashintsha ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-100 cm ngokuhambisa amazinyo omaka.

Umhlaba

Uma ukhetha isakhiwo sezinyosi ezikhulayo, kubalulekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo esithandayo. Ngisho nokuhlanganiswa kombala wezilimo ezitshalweni kuxhomeke ekukhanyeni okuhle.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ukushisa kwenhlabathi ekuhlwanyeleni akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-10: Uma izwe lingashushumbisi, izimpande zizokwenza kabi.

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, inhlabathi kufanele ikhuliswe. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwamanyolo kumitha eyodwa yesigcawu kulungile. m:

• 2 kg we-humus noma umquba;
• 14 g we-potassium chloride;
• 35 g we-superphosphate;
• 19 g we-ammonium nitrate.

Khona-ke, i-ridge enhlabathini engavamile futhi enezingqimba ezinama-20-25 cm yenziwa ngomhlaba oye wakha.

Imbewu

Ukuze kuhlume imbewu enhle, sebenzisa indlela elandelayo:

1. imbewu ihlungwa ukuze ikhethe izicucu ezingaqondile;
2. ke-ke bahlwanyelwe usuku ngosuku lwesisombululo sokhuni noma ukukhula okukhulayo;
3. ke wageza futhi womile.

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ikhwalithi yembewu ingahlolwa futhi iphesenti lokuhluma ingaqunywa. Ukwenza lokhu, zihlwanyelwe ngendwangu ebomvu. Inombolo yembewu ehlwanyelwe izokuvumela ukuthi ubale iphesenti yokuhluma.

Imbewu ye-beet ivame ukuba ne-80% ukuhlumaokuhlala isikhathi eside (kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu).

Enye indlela esetshenzisiwe yi-vernalization. Kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela beet.

Okufanele ukwenze:

1. imbewu, eboshwe ngamanzi engxenyeni yembiza yeglasi noma i-koqweqwe lwe-pan, ukumelana namahora angu-32;
2. bese uthele emanzini kusuka kuleso sibalo ukuthi ubuningi bamanzi kanye nenqwaba yezinhlobo zilingana;
3. shiya imbewu izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine aze avule;
4. khona-ke imbewu (ungqimba kufika ku-3 cm) ibekwe esiqandisini ngesonto.

Inkambiso yokushumeka

Emva kwalokho izitshalo zizokhula kahle?

I-Beetroot ibhekwa njengesitshalo esidinga ukukhiqiza inhlabathi.. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi likhule endaweni yokuhlwanyela esikhathini esizayo.

Izimpande ze-Beet zijwayele futhi zivuna isivuno esihle kakhulu emva kwezitshalo ezinjalo:

• i-pepper;
• ukhukhamba;
• iklabishi;
• utamatisi;
• anyanisi;
• amazambane;
• i-peas (emva kwama-peas ungakhula noma yiziphi izitshalo).

Ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi yini engatshala emva kwezinyosi, eduze kwesitshalo nokuthi yiziphi izibikezelo ezifanelekile, ungathola lapha.

Ukujula

Ukujula kwembewu yokungena emhlabathini kuxhomeke kohlobo lwayo:

• enhlabathini evulekile - ezintathu noma ezine cm;
• onzima kakhulu - cm amabili noma ezintathu.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kokubili ukuphela okujulile nokujulile akufani nakancane. Esikhathini sokuqala, ukomiswa kwembewu kungenzeka, kanti kwezinye - ukunciphisa ukuhluma kwazo.

Isu

Imbewu ye-beet ivame ukuhlwanyelwa emigodini. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izimpande zikhulu, usayizi ophakathi kwe-grooves kungcono ukukwenza kuze kube yingxenye yemitha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - okungenani ama-25 cm.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlumela kufanele libe okungenani ngu-15 cm, kodwa kungcono uma okungenani okungama-25 cm.

I-grooves akufanele yenziwe ekugcineni komgwaqo.ukuze imvula ingahlanzi imbewu.

Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ingahlanganiswa ngobusuku obubodwa ngezinto zokugqoka noma ifilimu.

Ukunakekelwa kwehlumela

Ukunakekela kunemisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Ukunisela. Uma amahlumela evela, kufanele atheleke kanye ngesonto. Kodwa uma ihlobo lishisa, ungakwazi ukuphuza amahlumela nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kudinga ukuchelela okuningi. Kubalulekile ukuthulula amanzi hhayi emaqabunga, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimpande. Cishe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukuchelela ukuyeka.
2. Weeding. Ukhula kumele lususwe, kodwa uma amahlumela enamandla, ukuze angalimazi izimpande ze-beet.
3. Ukuthinta. Imbewu yezinyosi, ehlwanyelwe emigqumeni, inika amahlumela amnyama futhi kudingeka ukuba i-thinning yabo idingeke. Inqubo yenziwa kathathu:
   • emva kokuvela kwamacembe amabili noma amathathu egcwele, okwenza igebe phakathi kwezitshalo 2-3 cm;
   • ngokubunjwa kwamaqabunga amahlanu noma ayisikhombisa, eshiya phakathi kwamahlumela 4-6 cm;
   • maphakathi no-Agasti - ne-interval of 6-8 cm.
4. Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukwakheka kwezitshalo izimpande nokuvunwa okuhle, ukutshala ukudla okunomsoco kuyadingeka. Ama-fertilizer aqukethe ama-nitrogen asetshenziswa uma amaqabunga eqala ukwakha. I-potassium i-chloride ne-superphosphate iyadingeka ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa izitshalo zezimpande. Ukuntuleka kwe-boron kuholela ekusungulweni kwe-voids kanye nezithelo ezibolayo.

Izinkinga nezinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga nokulima beet yizifo ezivame kakhulu - i-fomoz ne-chalcosporosis, kanye nezinambuzane:

• amabhungane;
• Medvedka;
• i-nematode;
• isithombo sebhitrudi fly;
• i-beetroot bug;
• umvukuzi wenundu

Izindlela zokulawula izifo nezinambuzane zihlanganisa:

1. ukujikeleza kwezitshalo;
2. ukumba kwenhlabathi ekwindla;
3. ukusetshenziswa kwembewu ukumelana nezifo isici sezinyosi;
4. ukulahlwa kwesikhatshana nokuhlwanyela okukhula ngesikhathi esifanele;
5. sishaye izitshalo zethusi eziqukethe amalungiselelo.

Uma uhlakulela noma yikuphi isitshalo semifino, kuhlanganise ne-beet, kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imithetho yokulungiselela, ukuhlwanyela nokunakekelwa. Ukwazi nokwenza, ungathola isivuno esikhulu esiqinisekisiwe.