Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "Krona" noma "Krone" isipho esiphumelele kakhulu esivela kubalimi baseJalimane. Amazambane amakhulu ane inyama enobuthi ephuzi ayilungele ukulungiselela amafriji e-crispy egolide, futhi afanele ukudayiswa.
Leli amazambane amazambane aphuzi elihle futhi enhle kakhulu, afaneleka ukutshala izimboni noma amateur. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukumezeka kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ezifanele zonke izifunda futhi zijabulela njalo isivuno.
Iyini ama-mbatata "Krona", incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe - uzothola konke okudingayo encwadini yethu.
I-kona amazambane: izici ezihlukahlukene
| Igama leBanga | I-Crone |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | Ithebula eliphakathi eliphakathi likhula ngokuphumelelayo kuzo zonke izimo |
| Isikhathi sokubeletha | Izinsuku ezingu-85-100 |
| Okuqukethwe kwesitashi | 9-12% |
| Izikhulu eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa | 100-130 gr |
| Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini | 10-15 |
| Ukuthela | 430-650 c / ha |
| Ikhwalithi yabathengi | okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, i-fibre, amavithamini, i-carotene |
| I-Recumbency | 96% |
| Umbala wesikhumba | ophuzi |
| Umbala we-Pulp | ophuzi |
| Izifunda ezikhulayo ezikhethiwe | noma iyiphi inhlabathi nesimo sezulu |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | ukumelana namazambane ama-crayfish, isikhumba, ukubola |
| Izici zokukhula | Kunconywa ngaphambi kokuhluma |
| Umsunguli | I-Bavaria-Saat (eJalimane) |
Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisa lezi zihlukahlukene:
- izilimo eziyizigaxa zesayizi obuphakathi, isisindo esisuka ku-100 kuya ku-130 g;
- isimo se-oval ngetiphu elimnandi;
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihle zihambisana nesisindo nosayizi;
- i-peel iphuzi, i-monophonic, ilula, ihamba kahle;
- amehlo ayingqayizivele, amancane, angabonakali;
- i-pulp ekunqunyeni iphuzi;
- okuqukethwe kwe-starch kufanelana, akudluli i-12%;
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, i-fibre, amavithamini, i-carotene.
Qhathanisa isivuno salezi zihlukahlukene nabanye, ungabhekisela etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
| I-Krone | 430-650 c / ha |
| Kubanka | kufika ku-220 kg / ha |
| Felox | 550-600 c / ha |
| Ama-blue eyed | kuze kube ngu-500 kg / ha |
| I-handsome | 170-280 kg / ha |
| Obomvu obomvu | kufika ku-400 kg / ha |
| Borovichok | 200-250 abaphakathi / ha |
| Bullfinch | 180-270 c / ha |
| Kamensky | 500-550 c / ha |
| Colomba | 220-420 c / ha |
| Spring | 270-380 c / ha |
Incazelo nesithombe
Amazambane ahlukahlukene "Krona" iyithebula, ephakathi kwasekuqaleni. Kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-100 kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvuneni.. Isivuno sikhulu kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi kunezimo zezulu nezimo ezikhulayo, kusukela ku-430 kuya ku-650 cent centres per hectare.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa eziqoqiwe zigcinwe kahle, ukuhamba kungenzeka. Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi nokushisa kwesitoreji, mayelana nezinkinga ezingenzeka.
Futhi futhi mayelana nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izimpande ebusika, emgodini, ezigubheni, esiqandisini, ehlutshiwe.
Izinto zembewu azihlali phansingenkathi egcina zonke izici zezakhiwo zezitshalo zomama.
Amazambane alula kakhulu ukukhula. Okuthandayo inhlabathi ekhanyayo esekelwe emhlabathini omnyama noma esihlabathini. Ukudla njalo akudingekile, uma ukhula, ungayenza izingxenye ezilinganiselwe zendaba ekhona ngaphambi kokutshala. Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokutshala amazambane, nini futhi kanjani ukondla, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani uma utshala.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu, umswakama omuhle womhlabathi, ukukhuphuka nokukhula okukhula ngesikhathi esifanele kuyadingeka. Ukunciphisa umzimba kuzosiza ekulawuleni ukhula.
Ukuphakama okuphakathi, ukuma, ukulinganisa ngokulinganisela. Ukwakheka kwe-green mass kuyinto ejwayelekile. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amancane, aphakathi, anemiphetho ye-wavy ebuthakathaka futhi anezimpawu ezicacile. I-corolla iyinkimbinkimbi, ihlangene kusuka ezimhlophe ezinkulu ezimhlophe, eziwa ngokushesha. Amajikijolo ayengahlanganiswa.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo eziningi ze-Solanaceae: umdlavuza wamazambane, isikhumba, izimpande nokubola kwe-apical. Kuvame ukuthinteka ukulimala okwesikhashana. Amazambane engacabangi ukulimala komshini.
Nambitha ikhwalithi yamazambane "Krone" ekuphakameni. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zibilisa ngokushelela, zigcina isimo esihle. Ukunambitha kugcwele, kulinganise, hhayi kwamanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe okuphansi kwesitashi lapho ukusika izilimo eziyizigaxa kungabi mnyama, kugcina umbala omuhle ophuzi.
Etafuleni elingezansi uzothola idatha kokuqukethwe kwesitashi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane:
| Igama leBanga | Okuqukethwe kwesitashi |
| I-Krone | 9-12% |
| Bonisa | 11-15% |
| I-Tiras | 10-15% |
| Elizabeth | 13-14% |
| I-Vega | 10-16% |
| Lugovskoy | 12-19% |
| I-Romano | 14-17% |
| Santa | 10-14% |
| Tuleyevsky | 14-16% |
| Owesifazane we-Gypsy | 12-14% |
| Ithebula | 14-17% |
Amazambane afaneleka ngokujulile, ukugxila, ukugosa. Ukuze ukulungiswa kwamazambane okufihliwe akusetshenziswanga. Ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezezimboni kungenzeka ukulungiselela amafrimu amaqhwa, isobho lokugqoka noma imifino yemifino.
Amazambane "Krona" abukeka kulezi zithombe:
Umsuka
Ibanga elithi "Krona" lakhiwe ngabalimi baseJalimane. Amazambane adumile emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Ukungena kwiRejista Yombuso ngo-2015Kunconywa ukutshala izimboni, ukuzalisa emapulazini kanye nemifula yangasese.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:
- ukunambitheka kakhulu kwemikhiqizo yezimpande zezitshalo;
- isivuno esihle;
- izinga elihle lokugcina;
- ukuvuthwa komusa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambilini;
- ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
- hhayi ngaphansi komonakalo owenziwe ngomshini;
- ukubekezelelana kwesomiso;
- ikhono lokubekezelela ukushisa nokunciphisa isikhathi esifushane sokushisa;
- isethulo esihle kakhulu kwezitshalo;
- ukuhluleka ukukhathalela.
Ukuntuleka kwezinhlobonhlobo akuphawuliwe.
Izici zokukhula
Amazambane anesandulela-ngculazi esihle, kodwa kangcono ukuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa Kunconywa ukucubungula ukukhula okukhuthazayo. Amazambane omisiwe futhi ahlume ekukhanyeni.
Izimpande ezitshaliwe zidinga ukufudumala inhlabathi. Ekushiseni ama-degrees angaphansi kwama-10 angakwazi ukubola. I-Humus, i-peat kanye ne-wood ash bayiswa emithonjeni. Lokhu kudla kuzokwandisa isivuno, kodwa ngeke kube negalelo ekwandeni kwe-nitrate.
Ukutshala amazambane kufanele kube kude ka 25-30 cm, phakathi kwemigqa 60-70 cm ububanzi kuzokwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo. Phakathi nenkathi, izitshalo zihluma izikhathi ezingu-2-3, ngesikhathi esifanayo zisusa ukhula. Okungcono faka amaphuzu aphezulu ngaphezu kwehlathini.
Umanyolo akudingekile, uma ngabe ufisa, ungakondla uma u-mullein ohlukanisile. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuphuza. Ukuze kuvune isivuno esikhulu, kuyadingeka ukuhlela uhlelo lokuswakama kwamanzi. Lapho isomiso sihlahla singafi, kodwa amazambane amancane.
Lesi sitshalo sinezinto ezihlukahlukene eziluhlaza ngisho nasekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo. Akufanele ukhule ube yi-tuber yenhlabathi, isongela ukulimala kwekwephuzile noma ukuhlasela kwe-wireworm. Ngaphambi kokumba, kunconywa ukuthi usike imifino, lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa ziqoqe izakhi eziningi.
Amazambane aqoshiwe asomisiwe kahle emngceleni noma ngaphansi kombhodi wokugcoba. Ngokushesha, ukuvuna kuhlungwa, Imbewu yempahla iqoqwe futhi igcinwe ngokwehlukana. Amazambane okuhloswe ukudayiswa angafakwa emaphakathini ngokushesha emva kokumba.
Ukwengeza kumanyolo ekutshalweni kwamazambane usebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezidakamizwa. Izingxabano mayelana nezinzuzo zabo ziningi.Siyakuncoma izihloko eziningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi kungani u-herbicide, i-fungicides kanye nezinambuzane zisetshenziswa kanjani.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo eziningi: ezihlukahlukene amagciwane, umdlavuza wezambatho, isikhumba.
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kusindisa izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye namaqabunga avela ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ukuze kuvikelwe izimpande izitshalo ezivundiwe ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi ichitheka ngamagciwane okubulala amagciwane. Esiqongweni se-epidemic phytophthora ukufika once waphathwa ngamalungiselelo ethusi.
Funda futhi nge-Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillium wilt.
Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo ezinamandla kungasindisa izitshalo ekutheleleni. Izinsimu zokutshala amazambane zishintsha njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4, zishintsha nazo izindawo ezitshalwe ngesithombo se-oilseed, i-legumes noma iklabishi.
Imifino emifino enomsoco ivame ukuhlaselwa yi-aphid, izibungu zezibungu, i-cicadas noma i-Colorado butteret. Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane kungasetshenziswa ukusibekela isikhathi esifanele, sihlanganise inhlabathi. Ngezilonda ezinzima, izinambuzane zezimboni zisetshenziswa. Zisetshenziswa ngokucophelela futhi kuphela ngaphambi kokusila.
"Krona" - ezihlukahlukene ezithembisayo, ekahle ukudayiswa. Ezinkulu, ngisho nezilimo eziyizigaxa zikhanga, zingahle zihlungwe futhi zihlanganiswe ngqo endaweni yokuqoqa. Ukuvuna kugcinwa kahle, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yayo yokuhweba izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Kunezindlela eziningi ezithakazelisayo zokutshala amazambane. Sikulungiselele uchungechunge lwezici ezithakazelisayo mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDutch, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala nokuthola isitshalo ngaphandle kokuqhakaziza nokusila. Futhi nangezindlela ngaphansi komshini, ezikhwameni, emibhawulweni, emabhokisini.
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele ngezinhlobo zamazambane ezinemigomo ehlukile yokuvuthwa:
| Ukuphumula okuphakathi | Ngaphambi kokuqala | Phakathi nonyaka |
| Vector | I-Gingerbread Man | I-giant |
| I-Mozart | Ithebula | I-Tuscany |
| Sifra | Ilinsky | Yanka |
| I-Dolphin | Lugovskoy | Ubunkungu bukaLilac |
| I-Crane | Santa | I-Openwork |
| Rogneda | Ivan da Shura | Desiree |
| Lasock | Colombo | Santana | I-Aurora | Bonisa | Isivunguvungu | I-Skarb | Innovator | Alvar | Umlutha | I-Krone | I-Breeze |
