Ukukhulelwa (ukukhulelwa) kwenkomo: igama, ikhalenda, itafula

Inkomo ekhulelwe idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa nokudla, ngoba impilo yakhe kuphela ayixhomeke kulokhu, kodwa futhi impilo ye-fetus ayithwalayo.

Sizokutshela indlela yokunquma ukukhulelwa ezinkomeni nendlela yokuzinakekela kule nkathi enzima.

Okuqukethwe:

• Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenkomo
• Zingaki izinsuku ezivamile
• Kungakanani okungasuswa khona
• Ukwazi kanjani inkomo ekhulelwe noma cha
• Ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuqothulwa
• Ekupheleni kwenyanga emva kokukhulelwa
• Ikhalenda lokukhulelwa kanye ne-calving
• Izigaba zokukhulelwa
• Ukunakekela nokudla kwezinkomo ezikhulelwe
• Ukuncelisa inkomo ngaphambi kokukhipha
• Ukudla ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokuthola
• Izifo nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukubuyekeza

Iyini inkomo yenkomo?

Ngempela, lisho "inkomo ekhulelwe." Kodwa-ke, kuyisiko ukubiza inkomokazikazi ekhulelwe isisu, okusho ukuthi "ngethole". Ngamanye amazwi, inkomo ekhulelwe yinkomo ekhuliswe ngempumelelo ngendlela yemvelo noma yokufakelwa.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenkomo

Ukuqala kokukhulelwa kungumanyolo ophumelelayo, futhi ukuphela kuyimali ephumelelayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi le nqubo ezinkantini ihlala ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyishumi, isilinganiso sezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye nesigamu. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube khona ukuphambuka kwesinye isiqondiso noma esinye, futhi sizokutshela okuningi ngalokhu.

Uyazi? Kunezinkomo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa emhlabeni wonke.

Zingaki izinsuku ezivamile

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa okujwayelekile cishe izinsuku ezingu-285. Kodwa lesi sikhathi silinganiselwe, kanye nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, izinkomo, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, zingalandela isikhathi esingaphansi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile.

Kungakanani okungasuswa khona

Kungenzeka ukudlulisa izithelo zenkomokazikazi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukukhulelwa kungakhula kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-311.

Ukwazi kanjani inkomo ekhulelwe noma cha

Kunezindlela eziningana zokunquma ukukhulelwa. Zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela zasendlini nezindlela besebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile zezobuchwepheshe.

Ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuqothulwa

Ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuqothulwa, ukusungula ukukhulelwa kwenkomo akulona kunzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuboniswa yizibonakaliso eziningi zangaphandle:

1. Inkomo encane yaqala ukuziphatha ngokuzithoba, yayinesizotha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ixwayise.
2. Uye waphuthukisa ukudla kwakhe.
3. Ayenzi umsindo futhi akabizi inkunzi.
4. Ukufihla okungafaniyo kuvela ku-genitalia yangaphandle yenkomo.
5. Ingubo iyaba bushelelezi futhi icwebe, iminyene emzimbeni.

Kubalulekile! Uma inkomo ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile emva kokuqothulwa futhi ibonisa ukukhathazeka, iqala ngokushisa - ukukhulelwa kuhlulekile.

Ekupheleni kwenyanga emva kokukhulelwa

Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyodingeka imishini ekhethekile yokunquma ukukhulelwa. Izinguquko zenzeka egazini lenkomo - inani lamahomoni lihlukile. Futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufanele kuzokukhombisa ukuqala kokukhulelwa. Enye indlela yobuchwepheshe yokunquma ukukhulelwa yi-ultrasound. Kodwa ngisho lapha kukhona okungajwayelekile - ama-ultrasound enza okungenani izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokujoyina. Uma ngaphambili, ukukhulelwa kwesisu kungahle kubangele.

Kubalulekile! Uma phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu emva kokuxilisa kwakukhona ukulingana, ukuhlolwa ngeke kubonise isimo sangempela: ukwakheka kwamahomoni egazini lezinkomo izinyanga ezintathu emva kokukhipha kungashintshi.

Futhi sebenzisa imikhakha ekhethekile, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kwezinkomo.

Indawo ekhethekile ekuchazeni ukukhulelwa kuyindlela ye-rectal. Okuyinhloko yalendlela ukuthi umfuyi wezilwane owaziwayo noma udokotela wezilwane uhlola lesi sibeletho ngokuyihlola ngezindonga ze-rectum. Iyenziwa ngehlanzekile (ngaphandle kwamanxeba nezipikili ezibukhali) izandla, noma ngaphandle kweglavu, futhi inkukhu kumele iphumule. Ngosizo lwe-rectal examination hlola:

1. Ushintsho ngobukhulu besibeletho.
2. Ifomu lensiza yokuzala.
3. Ukuvumelana kwezindonga.
4. Ubuningi
5. Ukufakwa ku-peritoneum.
6. Isimo se-ovari.

Bahlola futhi i-corpus luteum (ekuqaleni) futhi bahlole umlomo wesibeletho.

Kunezindlela zokuzikhethela kokukhulelwa, ngaphandle kokubandakanya udokotela wezilwane. Lokhu kuhlola ukucubungula kwesisu nesilwane. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zindlela ziyasebenza kuphela uma zisetshenziswa kahle.

Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde mayelana nezinhlobo ezinhle zezinkomo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigxobo esiswini Indlela etholakalayo kuphela kumfuyi owaziwa kakhulu, ukunyakaza okuncane okungenandaba nokungalimaza ingane. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu, esiswini esingenalutho sesilwane. Ukuhlolwa kobisi Ekhaya, inani elincane lobisi kufanele lixubane nesilinganiso esifanayo sohlobo lwezokwelapha. Uma ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ubisi luvinjelwe - lokhu kuzoba yinkomba yokusabalalisa okuphumelelayo. Noma enye indlela: thayipha amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile engilazini bese uphonsa umthamo wobisi obusanda kukhishwa phezulu. Uma i-droplet iphenduka indawo efana nefu efana nefu, inkoma iyoba yinkomo; uma i-droplet ichitheka, umphumela awubi.

Uyazi? Inkomo empilweni yayo yonke inikeza izingilazi zobisi ezingu 200,000.

Ikhalenda lokukhulelwa kanye ne-calving

Le kalenda isetshenziselwa ukubala isikhathi sokuzalwa kwethole bese unikeza inkomo ngokunakekelwa okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwekhalenda kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingabe i-ultrasound ingenziwa kwenkomo, lapho izinguquko zosuku okufanele zenziwe ekudleni kwayo nokunye okunye.

Ikhalenda ayikwazi ukunikeza usuku oluqondile lokukholisa - kuhlale kukhona iphutha elithile, elibangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, njengokuthi: lokhu kungukuqala kokuthola noma inkomo isivele inezinzalo; Uhlobo lwe-Burenka, ubudala balo, njll.

Kodwa, njengoba kungenzeka, ikhalenda izosiza enhlanganweni kanye nokuqaliswa kokunakekelwa okufanele kwesilwane.

Izigaba zokukhulelwa

Kunezigaba ezintathu noma izigaba zokukhulelwa ezinkomeni:

1. I-Germ.
2. I-Fetal.
3. I-Fetal.

Isigaba se-Germinal. Okufushane kakhulu. Iqala ngokukhulelwa kweqanda bese iphela ngomzuzu wokunamathiswa kwe-zygote odongeni lwesibeletho.

Isigaba se-Embryonic. Isiqalo salo yisikhathi sokufakelwa kwe-ovum engodongeni lwe-uterine. Ubude baleso sigaba ezinyangeni ezimbili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, zonke izinhlelo zomzimba - isimiso sezinzwa, uhlelo lokujikeleza, isistimu yomzimba ehamba ngefomu legazi, i-skeleton kanye nemisipha, futhi izitho zangaphakathi zakhiwe embungu. Isigaba se-embryonic siphelela ekubunjweni kwe-placenta.

Isigaba se-Fetal. Isithelo sesitshalo sanda, sithuthukisa futhi zonke izinhlelo zayo zithuthukiswa kuze kube sekugcineni. Isigaba siphelela nge-calving.

Uyazi? Izinkomo zizwa insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba - zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuphumula kuphela emigqeni yamandla ensimu.

Ukunakekela nokudla kwezinkomo ezikhulelwe

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokudla okunomsoco kwenkomo ekhulelwe kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo olunempilo, i-lactation enhle kanye nemali edingekayo yobisi. Cabanga ngezici zokunakekelwa futhi uqale ngokulungiselela kwangaphambili ukuxoshwa.

Isisekelo salolu lungiselelo sinakekelwa kahle izilwane ezikhulelwe. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izimo ezinhle nokudla, kulungiswe amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo. Isikhathi esichithwa yenkomo emadlelweni sincishisiwe - ukuze ugweme ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwefolda enomsoco, kodwa kufanele kube emoyeni omusha, njengokungaphandle kuyasiza:

1. Ngenxa yokuhlinzeka okwejwayelekile oksijini, ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni kuba ngcono.
2. Ukuhamba, isilwane sithuthukisa imisipha yaso futhi siqinisa amadivaysi ase-vestibular, okuyinto edingekayo ngaphambi kokukhipha.
3. I-Summer "yokuzivocavoca" igcwalisa umzimba nge-calciferol, ebalulekile ekuqiniseni amathambo esithendeni esithintekile kanye nesisu.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ujwayele ukuziqhenya kwamadlelo emadlelweni.

Phakathi nenkathi eyomile (ekupheleni kwesilashwa kuze kube yilapho kutholakala i-calving entsha) ukondla kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso, kulandela ukudla okuthile ngokudla okwenyuka kwamaprotheni, amavithamini, amaminerali namafutha asithinta uketshezi nobisi. Okunye okubalulekile ukushisa, ukuphumula okuhle nokuphuza ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe senkomo eyomile, eyomile enesisindo esibukhoma esingu-500kg, isisindo somkhiqizo obisiwe u-4000 kg ubisi namafutha angu-4%

Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, ingane yakho idinga amaminerali namavithamini ngobuningi. Njengoba ukwandiswa kwethemu futhi i-fetus iyanda, ngakho-ke idinga ukondla okuningi kwe-intrauterine.

Ukuncelisa inkomo ngaphambi kokukhipha

Izinsuku ezingu-10-15 ngaphambi kosuku olwenzekayo lokukholisa, inkomo idluliselwa ekutheni ifaka kusuka enhlobonhlobo ye-hay evela okusanhlamvu, futhi ukudla okugxilwe ekudleni kususwe ngokuphelele noma kwesokunxele ngesamba esingaphezu kwekhilogram ngosuku. Futhi kusukela ekudleni akukhipha ukudla okunomsoco - emzimbeni oketshezi futhi ngakho ngokweqile. Ungakhohlwa ngomthamo wezinto zokulandelela, isibonelo, i-calcium idinga u-9-10 g ngosuku, ne-phosphorus - 7-8 g.

Ngesonto eledlule, ukulinganisa kokudla kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:

1. I-Silage ne-hay hay - 60%.
2. Ukudla okugxilisiwe - 24%.
3. Ukudla okunzima - 16%.

Zijwayele ngezici zenkomo ezomile.

Lena isilinganiso esiphezulu se-feed ngaphambi kokukhipha. Ekhuluma ngezinga lesuku zonke ngaphambi kokukholisa, siyaqaphela ukuthi inkomo idinga ngo-10 kg we-hay. Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu akunakwenzeka ukunikeza okuningi, banikela kancane, kodwa engeza amalungiselelo e-vitamin ezinconyweni zedokotela wezilwane. Ukondla kwenziwa kathathu ngosuku, futhi kuphuziswa kathathu, kuphela ngamanzi aphuziwe noma abilisiwe ekushiseni kwama-8-10 ° C. Ngaphandle kokuphakelayo okunconywayo, qiniseka ukuthi unikeza kusuka ku-30 ​​kuya kwangu-50 g usawoti kanye no-choki. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala esomile (izinsuku ezingu-60 kuya kwezingu-20 ngaphambi kokukhipha), isisindo kumele sigcwaliswe nge-fiber futhi kuphela ukudla okuphezulu okuphezulu ngaphandle kwama-charms nezibunjwa okufanele zinikezwe. Ukugxila okumele kubhekiswe kwisisindo somzimba wesilwane - kufanele sihlale singashintshi, uma kunesidingo, ukudla kuthuthukiswa ngokudla okunomsoco.

Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi esomile, i-alfalfa ne-molasses ekudleni kwenkomo ayivunyelwe!

Phakathi nenkathi yesibili eyomile, ukudla kwezinkomo akuguquki kakhulu, kuwukuphela komzimba, ukugcwalisa amandla okuphuza amandla, izinkomo zengeza ama-fibre amaningi namavithamini.

Ukudla ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokuthola

Emasontweni amathathu ngaphambi kokunciphisa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nobuningi besibisi, ukondla kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nalolu hlelo:

1. Izinsuku ezingu-21-14 ngaphambi kokuthi ukudluliselwa kokondla kwenziwa kathathu ngosuku, kanti zonke izitho ezimbili ezidlayo zihlanjululwe nge-1 kg yenhlanganisela egxilile.
2. Izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokuvela kwenzalo, 2 kg we-feed oyinhloko inikezwa kathathu ngosuku, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, i-1 kg yokugxila ingezwa ekudleni kokusa nakusihlwa, no-2 kg ukudla kwemini.
3. Ngeviki lokugcina - 2 kg yokudla okuyisisekelo kanye no-2 kg wokugxila ekudleni ngamunye.

Ngokuhlukile, kufanele kuqashelwe izici zokondla inkomo ekhulelwe ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukudla kumele kulungiswe izithako namavithamini. Njengoba kunezithasiselo ezinjalo, amafutha wezinhlanzi, imvubelo yefolishi namavithamini akhethekile. Futhi ekudleni kufanele kube yi-bran nekhekhe.

Ukwehluleka kwebusika kwezinto ezithile kuhlawulelwa ngenxa yokungena mahhala kwesilwane kusawoti wetafula kanye namagatsha ezihlahla ze-coniferous (mhlawumbe i-pine).

Uyazi? Ngomzuzu owodwa, inkoma yenza umhlathi ube nokunyakaza okungaba ngu-100.

Izifo nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba wenkomo ikakhulukazi uthola izifo futhi akunakwenzeka ukucacisa kusengaphambili kusuka kuphi nokuthi yini ezoba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela izifo kuza kuqala.

Phakathi kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela zingabonakala:

1. Ukondla ngokufanele kwesilwane, kusetshenziswe amavithamini, uma kunesidingo - amajova we-iodine nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile, njengezidakamizwa ezifana neSedimin noChectonica, i-Calfort D3.
2. Ukucubungula izikhumba zezinkomo ukuze ususe ama-parasites.
3. Ukuqeda izibungu ngezidakamizwa namaphilisi (isibonelo, Ivermek noma i-Ivermectin).

Uma inkomo ithatha lesi sifo, izobonisa izimpawu zangaphandle. Uma ukugaya kungathinteka, isilwane ngeke sihlakulele, ungathola izitshalo ezivulekile kanye ne-colic, okungenzeka ukulahlekelwa emathunjini amakhulu. Uma uhlelo lokuphefumula luyathinteka, kuyoba khona amasondo, amahlumela kanye nomkhuhlane ovela esifubeni. Kulezi zifo ezithathelwanayo, i-clostridiosis ne-brucellosis kufanele kuphawulwe, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu - kuyathinta kakhulu inkomo ekhulelwe futhi kuphazamise ukukhulelwa kwesisu.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile kakhulu zezinkomo phakathi nalesi sikhathi ziyi:

1. Ukushada indiva
2. Imizamo yangaphambi kwesikhathi.
3. Ukubhujiswa kwamaseli ezitshalo noma ezilwaneni ezithombeni, ukubola, ukumisa umfanyana we-fetus.
4. Ukuqoqa uketshezi emabhokisini noma emathunjini e-fetal.
5. I-Edema.
6. I-prolapse yama-vaginal.
7. Ukuphikisa lesi sizalo.

Funda mayelana nendlela yokuphatha ukuvuvukala kwemfuyo ezinkomeni nokuthi kungani kukhona ukukhishwa okumhlophe emilanjeni.

Lezi zinkinga ziyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngezibonakaliso ezimbalwa kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha. Ngokuqondene nosizo lokuqala, kungcono ukuthi uqale uthintane nodokotela wezilwane bese wenza ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo yakhe. Ngisho nombelethi onolwazi oluningi kakhulu ngeke akwazi ukuthatha isikhundla sechwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, inkomo idinga ukunakekelwa komuntu kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa njalo nokunakekelwa okufanele kuzokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo olunempilo kanye nesilwane.

Ukubuyekeza