Umnikazi ngamunye wenkundla yenkukhu kumele alungiselele ubunzima obungase buvele ekhaya. Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele lokho okumele ukondle izinkukhu nokuthi yiziphi izimo okufanele uziqukathe - kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izinkukhu zikwazi ukuthola nokuthi zingabalwa kanjani. Sizoxoxa nge-bronchitis esithathelwanayo, izimpawu zayo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha.
Inkukhu ye-Chicken Infectious Bronchitis
I-bronchitis yezinkukhu ezithathelwanayo zitholakale e-United States ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1930. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqubuka kwezifo kwenzeke emapulazini enkukhu emhlabeni jikelele. Angathola izinyoni ezigulayo ezineminyaka ezahlukene: izinkukhu kanye nezinkukhu ezindala. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokusabalalisa okusheshayo. Izinkukhu ezithintekile zihlushwa yizinkinga zesimiso sokuphefumula, uhlelo lwezinso kanye nokuzala. 
Igciwane eliyinkimbinkimbi ye-IB liqukethe i-RNA futhi lingomndeni we-coronaviruses. Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zalesi sifo. Iqine kakhulu futhi ayesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi. Esigodini senyoni, igciwane lisebenza ngokushesha, kodwa ezindaweni ezikuyo inkukhu zingasebenza isikhathi eside isikhathi eside: emazingeni okushisa kuze kufike ku-23 ° C, ihlala isikhathi esingangesonto, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwamanzi angasinda inyanga, futhi -30 ° C ingaphila iminyaka eminingana.
Funda futhi mayelana nendlela yokuphatha izifo ezingenakuxhumana nezifo ezithathelwanayo zezinkukhu ze-broiler.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kuyonakalisa igciwane: ku-37 ° С alinqanyuliwe izinsuku ezimbalwa, kanti izinga lokushisa + 56 ° С libulala i-pathogen ngokushesha (imizuzu engu-10-30). Igciwane liyafa ngaphansi kweminye imisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-infrared, kanye nama-disinfectants ahlukahlukene (izixazululo ze-bleach, i-formaldehyde, i-formalin ne-phenol).
Uyazi? Kunezinkukhu ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 emhlabeni, okuphindwe kathathu inani labantu futhi izikhathi ezingu-20 inani lezingulube.
Izimbangela zokugula ezinyoni
Kwakukhona amacala aqoshiwe wokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza nge-IB in-pheasants kanye nezigwaca. Kodwa okwenzeka kakhulu kule sifo yizinkukhu ezifuywayo. Ukushaya kuze kufike enyangeni engu-1 kanye nezendlala ezincane zibucayi kakhulu. Umthombo wegciwane iyinyoni egulayo. Eyingozi kanye nalabo abakhukhule abanesifo. Idatha ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani izifo zegciwane ehlukile: ngokusho kombiko owodwa - yonke impilo yami, ngokusho kwabanye - izinyanga ezimbalwa. 
Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- ngokusebenzisa ukukhulelwa kwezinkukhu ezigulayo: amathe, i-mucus emakhaleni, ama-droppings;
- indlela ye-aerogenic, okungukuthi, emoyeni;
- ukudla okungcolile: ngokudla, amanzi;
- ngamaqanda anegciwane;
- ngokusebenzisa izinkukhu zasemapulazini ezinesifo, imfucuza yenkukhu, izingubo kanye nemishini yabasebenzi.
Abanikazi bezinkukhu bavame ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nesifo sohudo nezimpethu ezinkukhu. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela nezindlela zokwelashwa kwezi zifo.
Lemibandela elandelayo ifaka isandla ekusakazeni kwe-IBV:
- ukwephulwa kwezindinganiso zezilwane nezokuhlanzeka kokuqukethwe kokuqothula amaqanda nezinkukhu;
- ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwemfuyo endlini ye hen;
- ukudla okungalungile - inani elikhulu lamaprotheni ekuphakelayo;
- i-drafts, hypothermia nokucindezeleka.
Izifo zezinkukhu - incazelo kanye nokwelashwa.
Izimpawu zesifo segciwane
Zonke izimpawu ze-IBD zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-syndromes ezintathu: ukuphefumula, i-nephro-nephritic nokuzala. Kubonakala kuncike eminyakeni yobudala bezinyoni futhi ku-coronavirus. Isibonelo, isifo sokuphefumula yisigaba sokuqala sesifo futhi sikhona ezinkukhu zaneminyaka yonke, kodwa izinkukhu zihlupheka kakhulu kulo. I-syndrome yokuzala iyisici kuphela kubantu abadala. 
I-syndrome yokuphefumula
Izimpawu zokuphefumula zizibonakalisa phambi kwabanye, ngokushesha ngemva kokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukudideka ngubanda futhi siyibiza ngokuthi i-bronchitis. Izimpawu zokuphefumula zibandakanya: ukukhwehlela, ukuvuthwa, ukuvuthwa kwamanzi, ukuphefumula, ukuqubuka komzimba. Ukulawula ukushisa kwegazi kuphulwa ezinkukhu, ngakho-ke bayahluma futhi baswe ekushiseni. Ziyi-lethargic, ezinamaphiko phansi, ziphefumulela ngomlomo wazo ovulekile.
Conjunctivitis ezinkukhu - indlela yokuphatha kahle.
I-syndrome ye-IB yokuphefumula iyenzeka ezincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile ephethe umphumela obulalayo. Izinkukhu ezinamaviki amabili zingase zife ngokucholingwa ngethempeli eziqoqiwe ku-trachea. Kuzinkukhu kuze kufike enyangeni eyodwa, ukufa okuvela ku-bronchitis kufinyelele ku-30%. Izinkukhu ezindala zilulama ngemva kwamasonto angu-1-2, kodwa ukukhula kwabo kunciphisa. Ezinyoni ezindala, izimpawu zokuphefumula zingase zifihleke.
I-Nephrosonephritis syndrome
Uma ukutheleleka komunye wezinkinga ze-nephropathogenic kwenzeka, emva kwamasonto amabili i-nephrosonephritic syndrome iqala ukuzibonakalisa yona, lapho izinso, izigulane zithinteka futhi u-uric acid usawoti. I-broiler izinkukhu yizona ezithinteka kakhulu kuyo. Izimpawu zokuphefumula kuzo zidlula ngokushesha, futhi isigaba sesibili sesifo sinzima kakhulu. Izinkukhu zinokucindezeleka kanye nesifo sohudo, izimpaphe eziqubuzelayo nokuphuza amanzi amaningi. Kulesi sigaba sesifo, izinga lokufa lingakhuphuka libe ngu-70%. 
Syndrome Yokuzala
Ngokungafani ne-syndrome yokuphefumula, engase ingabonakali, ne-nephrosonephritic syndrome, izimpawu zazo ezingase zingabonwa nhlobo, isifo sokuzala siyisibonakaliso esibophezelayo se-IBC. Ngemuva kokuphola, ukuqina kwamaqanda kubuyiselwe, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kunciphisa ngokweqile nangokulinganisela:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kwehla ngo 35-50%;
- inani lezinkukhu ezihlotshisiwe liyancipha;
- amaqanda amaningi awafanelekile ukufakelwa ukushisa: anegobolondo elikhubazekile noma elithambile elilingana nelime, futhi okuqukethwe kunamanzi;
- imigomo yokuqothula nokufakwa kwamaqanda amaqanda aphulwa.
Imiphumela yalesi sifoUmonakalo wezomnotho nemiphumela
Ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu IBC kubangela ukulimala komnotho epulazini. Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa impahla:
- ukukhula kancane nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu;
- Ukufa okuphezulu: uma lesi sifo sidlula nephrosonephritis syndrome, izinga lokufa lingu-70-90%;
- ukubhujiswa okuphoqelelwe kwezinkukhu ezinqatshiwe (20-40%);
- ukwehla okuphawulekayo ekukhiqizeni: 20-30% ukukhiqizwa kweqanda ekubekeni izinkukhu ezabe zenze umkhiqizo wazo esigabeni sokuqala;
- amaqanda asempofu amancane okugcoba nokudla;
- izindleko zokwelapha kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela endlini yenkukhu.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amaqanda ezinkukhu ezigulayo zokufakelwa ukufakelwa. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ukudla, amaqanda kufanele aphathwe ngamaphule e-formaldehyde.
Ukuhlonza
Ukuxilongwa kwe-IBS kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi izibonakaliso ezifanayo zomtholampilo (ukuphefumula nokuzala) kungabonakaliswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene: isifo sezinambuzane, isifo se-Newcastle, i-laryngotracheitis, ne-mycoplasmosis yokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, igciwane kumele kuqala lihlukaniswe futhi lihlonishwe. Ukwenza ucwaningo olunembile, udinga ukuqhuba uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ze-laboratory. Okungenani izinkukhu ezigulayo eziyisihlanu nezinambuzane ze-serum zezinyoni ezigulayo kufanele zithunyelwe ebhokisithri ukuze zihlaziywe (amasampula angu-15-25). 
Futhi ezikhukhuleni eziphilayo zithatha ama-swabs avela ku-larynx ne-trachea, kanye nezicucu zezicubu: i-larynx, i-trachea, amaphaphu, izinso kanye ne-oviduct. Akufanele ukwenze ngaphandle kwezifundo ze-serological: i-enzyme immunoassay kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-molecular biological, i-hemagglutination engaqondile kanye neutralization yemibungu ukuhlukanisa igciwane. Kuphela ngenxa yocwaningo oluyinkimbinkimbi singathola idatha enembile mayelana nesifo.
Uyazi? Ngemuva kokunciphisa, inkukhu ingaphila emaminithi ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngo-1945, iqhude elidumile uMike, owayehlala ngaphandle kwekhanda izinyanga ezingu-18, wadumala - umnikazi wamnika iphepipette.
Ukwelashwa kwamakhukhu
Kanye nokuxilongwa, ukuphathwa kwe-IB kufanele kube nzima. Ihlanganisa:
- imithi;
- ukuchithwa kwegciwane ekamelweni;
- ekwakheni isimo esifanele endlini yenkukhu.
Njengoba kungakabi khona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-IB, sebenzisa izidakamizwa zezilwane ezilwa nezimpawu zesifo:
- "I-Anfluron", i-agent ye-antiviral: i-intramuscularly noma yangaphakathi, inkambo yinyanga;
- Umgomo wokugoma: unganikezwa kusukela ekuzalweni;
- "I-iodinol", noma i-iodine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: ilwa ngokumelene nezifo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane.
Ukususa igciwane ekamelweni kuhlanganisa ukupuniza imikhiqizo eline-iodini endlini yenkukhu. Lokhu kungaba:
- "Glutex";
- i-aluminium iodide;
- Isixazululo se-Lugol.
Ukuze ukungasebenzi ngegciwane legumbi usebenzisa ezinye izindlela:
- isiphuzo soda (isisombululo se-3%);
- i-lime ene-chlorine (6%);
- i-formaldehyde (0.5%);
- chlorosypidar.
Thola ukuthi kuyingozi nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani izifo zezinkukhu ezinjengokuthi: i-colibacteriosis, i-pasteurellosis nesifo se-Newcastle.
Esinye salezi zixazululo kufanele siphathwe izindonga, phansi kanye nesilingeni endlini. Inqubo yenziwa kabili ngeviki. Ukwenza isimo esifanele enkukhu yenkukhu, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ziyadingeka:
- ukuqeda ama-drafts;
- inikezela umoya;
- ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele;
- ukondla kahle: gcina imifino emisha ekuphakelayo, engeza amavithamini namaminerali futhi unike amanzi ahlanzekile;
- isikhathi sokuhlukanisa izinyoni ezigulayo ziphilile;
- ukwenqaba izinkukhu ezitholiwe nezinkukhu.
Kubalulekile! Ipulazi lezinkukhu lizobhekwa liphephile kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuphela kwesifo sokugcina.
Ukuvimbela i-Virus
Igciwane le-IBV landa kakhulu emanzini, amakamelo angenawo umoya futhi angcolile futhi kuthinta izinyoni ezinezifo ezingenamandla. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuvimbela zingabalwa:
- ukudla okunempilo - ukudla okulinganiselayo kanye nesilinganiso esidingekayo samavithamini namaminerali;
- ukugcina inkukhu yenkukhu ihlanzekile ngokushisa okufanele kanye nokuphuza umoya;
- ukugoma ngesikhathi esifanele ngendlela elandelayo - Pulvak IB Primer, H-120, H-52, MA-5, 4/91.
Izinkukhu ezithathelwanayo ze-bronchitis - isifo esiyingozi esinzima ukuphatha. Kudala umonakalo okhethekile emapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu, njengoba kubangele ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu nokufa kwezinyoni phakathi kwezinyoni. Kodwa uma unamathela ezimisweni zokuvimbela, uzogwema ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
