Indlela yokutshala nokukhula kvamoklit (ipomoea)

I-Ipomoea, i-farbitis noma i-kvamoklit ngamagama ahlukene okufanayo okukhuphuka kwesitshalo sehlobiso ezinamaqabunga amahle (amaqabunga aphihliwe noma aphethwe yinhliziyo) kanye nezimbali eziningi ezinjengemisipha. I-Ipomoea ibonakala iyakhaka, itshalwe emahlathini okulenga, kuma-balconi, ama-support ne-pergolas, ku-mono-landings noma ngeziqephu nezinye izitshalo. Ake sibuke lesi sihloko sendlela yokuhlwanyela futhi sikhule lezi zimbali futhi sinakekele esikhathini esizayo.

Incazelo ye-botanical

1. I-Ipomoea yigama elivamile lezinhlobo zezitshalo zezimbali zomndeni wakwaConvolvulaceae, okuyiziganga ezilandelayo: Calystegia, Convolvulus, Ipomoea, Merremia neRivea. Uyisihlobo esiseduze kokubili okuhlanganisiwe kanye namazambane amazambane.
2. I-apomes yezinhlobo ezahlukene zihluka komunye nomunye ngezici zezimbali, amaqabunga nezithelo, kodwa zonke izinhlobo zinezimbali ezinjengomngcele obomvu, obomvu, obomvu, obomvu nomhlophe. Inkezo yembali evulekile ingaba nobubanzi obuyi-3 kuya ku-10 cm. Izimbali zivela ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba, izimbali zivuleka ekuseni kakhulu (ekuseni) futhi zivame ngo-11 ntambama.
3. I-flower liana iyisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha, esikhuphuka. Emazweni lapho ekhulile njengonyaka, ngesikhathi semfudumalo isitshalo sifinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-5-8 futhi singakhonsa isikhala esitholakalayo ngamahlumela ayo.
4. Amaqabunga e-Kvamoklita anesimo senhliziyo, futhi izimbali zakhiwa ngendlela yemingcele evulekile. I-Ipomoea ingomndeni oningi kakhulu wokukhuphuka kwezitshalo ezinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500. Ezinye zazo zithandwa kakhulu futhi zikhulile ngokutsha ngabalimi. I-genus ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-Ipomoea yi-Ipomoea batatas (amazambane ama-sweet).

Uyazi? Izimbali ze-bamboo azivamile, njengezinye izinhlobo ze-plant herbaceous, izimbali ziqala kuphela emva kweminyaka engu-65. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-bamboo wezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezimbali ngesikhathi esisodwa sezwe.

Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala

I-Farbitis ivela emazweni ashisayo: itholakala eNingizimu Melika nase-Asia. Lo mvini ukhula ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezifudumele nezifudumele, ezindaweni ezishisayo kuyisitshalo esingapheli, nasezindaweni ezinokushisa okukhulu, unyaka owodwa ubudala.

Qondanisa ngezinhlobo ezivamile ze-Ipomoea, indlela yokunakekela kahle i-Ipomoea.

Umkhumbi okhuphuka uphonsa iziqu eziqinile futhi eziqinile, ezihamba ngezindawo ezithile, zifuna ukusekelwa kuzo, noma zisakaze umshini phansi. Ezindaweni ezishisayo noma eziseningizimu nje, i-farbitis ingaveza kabili ngonyaka (imbewu yokuvuthwa, iwe phansi bese ihluma).

Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhula futhi sihambe emathafeni asezintabeni, izindiza, amasimu kanye nezinga.

Izinhlobo ezivamile

• I-saucer ebomvu - izimbali zasebhakabhakeni-eziluhlaza okwesisindo sobubanzi obufinyelela ku-12 cm, ziyaqhakaza ekuseni (kusukela ngo-6: 00) futhi zihlobise i-carpet eluhlaza yamahlamvu kuze kube ngu-10 ekuseni. Ngalesi sikhathi, ilanga selivele likhuphuka phezulu, futhi i-ipomoea ezwelayo ivala izimbali zayo. Uma lolo suku luvutha, lesi sitshalo sizojabula balimi baluqhakaza usuku lonke.

• Cirrus noma i-Quamoclitus - unamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlukaniswe kahle futhi nezimbali ngendlela yezinkanyezi ezincane. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Ipomoea cirrus (lobed, cirrus, obomvu obomvu, Ukuhlatshwa) ngezimpaphe ezivela ebomvu kuya kumhlophe.

• I-Purple (I-Ipomea purpurea) - ine-stem ende kunazo zonke, ifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili ubude. Amaqabunga akhe ahlaza, aphethwe yinhliziyo. Ama-flower petals anemibala enombala obomvu noma we-beet. Ububanzi bembali buyi-4-5 cm.

• Ipomoea Nil (I-Ipomea Nil) - inemitha emitha amathathu enezimbali zobomvana, obomvu, obomvu, i-violet, izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuma kwamaqabunga aluhlaza kunesimo senhliziyo.

• I-Tricolor (I-Ipomeja trichromatic) - ngenkathi yehlobo likhula lifike ku-4-5 m ukuphakama. Izimbali zingavezwa ngemibala emithathu.

• Ipomoea Moon Blossom (I-Moonflower) - ngesikhathi sehlobo lifinyelela ukuphakama kwemitha engama-3. Izimbali ezimhlophe zemifula zikhula kuze kube ngu-12 cm ububanzi futhi zikhuphule iphunga elimnandi.

Sebenzisa kumklamo we-landscape

Igama lale mbali lihlotshaniswa nekhono layo lokuguqula. Uma uhumusha igama elithi "Ipomea" lisuka esiGrekini, kuvela "ukufana nesibungu" - ikholomu yezimbali likhula, lizihlanganise ngokwayo yonke into engayifinyelela.

Njengoba i-Ipomoea, izitshalo ezikhuphuka zihlanganisa i-actinidia, i-rose climb, i-wisteria, i-asarina ekhuphuka, amakhosazana, i-clematis, i-honeysuckle.

Emkhathini we-landscape Ipomoea ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokulima engezansi futhi itshalwe:

• ezindaweni ezicingo kanye nezicingo;
• eduze kwama-arbor kanye namabhentshi;
• eduze kwezihlahla ze-shrunken;
• ku-trellis ecacile;
• emagcekeni ahlobisa ukungena kwendzawo noma engadini.

Ukukhula nokunakekela izitshalo

Ukunakekela ipomoea akulula. Eqinisweni, ngemuva kokuphuma, badinga ukunakekelwa okuncane: badinga ukwesekwa ukuphola, ukuchelela ngesikhathi nokukhipha, ukukhanya okuhle.

Ukutshala (imbewu) nokukhula kvamoklita akudingi amakhono akhethekile. U-Liana akazithobeki, ukhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, kodwa kulula ukukhula elangeni nasezindaweni ezivulekile, ezikhanyisiwe. Lezimbali ezimilayo zikhula njengonyaka minyaka yonke eRussia ephakathi, ngoba ukukhula okusebenzayo kwe-liana kuyayeka ekushiseni okungezansi + ngo-10 ° C.

Kubalulekile! Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zenkazimulo ekuseni ziyingozi. Uma umgadi wegadi enabantwana abancane noma abazukulu abesazi ukuthi izwe liyakuthinta futhi lithinta, kungcono ukugwema ukukhula lo mvini iminyaka eminingana.

Izimo zokuboshwa

Ukuze lesi sitshalo sijabulise umlimi wezitshalo ngezimbali ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla, kunezici eziningana okumelwe zicatshangelwe lapho utshala:

1. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi i-ipomoea, etholakala emthunzini, cishe ngeke iqhakaze. Izithombo ze-Ipomoea (ngisho nokuzimela) ukufakelwa ngokuphelele kokufakelwa endaweni endaweni efanelekile.
2. Ngaphezu kokukhanya, indawo yomvini kufanele ivikelwe emoyeni osenyakatho abandayo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukhethe ingxenye engezansi yesayithi. Imbali izwa kahle lapho itshalwe ngokumelene nodonga oluseningizimu lendlu.
3. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukutshala izithombo, ngokushesha usungise ukwesekwa okuhlobisa imbali egibelayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukusika i-Ipomoea ukwelula i-twine noma ukuphonsa ukuqhuma emithini ekhula eduze.
4. Mhlawumbe ukutshala inkazimulo yasekuseni njengesiko somhlabathi esitsheni. ULiana ukhula masinyane futhi aqhubekele ngokuqinile uhlelo lwempande, kufanele acatshangelwe lapho ehlwanyelwa ezitsheni ukuze izitshalo zibe nesikhala esanele sokukhula: eyodwa isithombo sinemfuyo eyanele ngokwama-20 cm ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesistimu. Lapho udala izingoma nezinye izitshalo, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha, ukuze i-ipomoea "ingagcini" umakhelwane.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Izitshalo eziningi zikhula enhlabathini ehlwanyelwe, kodwa i-ipomoea ikhetha inhlabathi ehlwempu kakhulu, ephansi (noma ephakathi). Nakuba ungqimba lwe-mulch ezimpandeni zembali luzuzisa, akudingekile ukuba umanyolo ngomquba.

Inhlabathi ecebile kakhulu ivame ukuthi kungani i-ipomoea ingaqhakazi, futhi sonke isikhathi sakha amaqabunga amnandi, amahle amahle ekulimaza izimbali.

I-Ipomoea ikhetha izindawo zelanga, kodwa izokubekezelela isithunzi esihlakazekile. Izimbali nazo ziba nezimpande kahle emhlabathini ompofu nowomile. Eqinisweni, lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukukhula kalula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, kufaka phakathi izindlela zensimu, izicingo kanye nama-curbs, lapho amagilebhisi asendle avame ukukhula.

Ngisho nesimo sengqondo sokungathathi hlangothi sesitshalo kumhlabathi ompofu, awuyithandi inhlabathi eyomile futhi ngeke ikhule kuyo. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe mnanzi kodwa ingabi yinkinga.

Kungani i-ipomoea ingaqhakazi - izizathu:

1. Izindwangu eziphezulu zokugqoka - i-phosphate fertilizer zifaka isandla ekubunzeni imbali efihlekile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen kuyoholela ekukhuleni kwamacembe, amahlumela kanye neziqu.
2. Ukunisela - ukungabi khona kwezimbali kungenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi.
3. Ngakho-ke, ezihlukahlukene yizihlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuphuza, ngakho-ke, kuze kube yisikhathi sokuphila kwezimbali zalesi sitshalo, ngeke kube khona izimbali.

Ukunisela nokuswakama

1. I-ipomeyu idinga ukuphuziswa kanye noma kabili ngeviki, inhlabathi kufanele ibe mnandi, kodwa hhayi emanzi.
2. Izitshalo ze-Container zimile ngokushesha futhi zingadinga ukuchelela okuvamile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
3. Ukunisela kufanele kube nokuningi, ukuchelela okuvamile komhlaba kungamukeleki, ngoba ngesikhathi esifanayo isitshalo sikhula, sihlwanyele kahle izimpande.

Uhlobo lokushisa

1. I-Ipomoea ingakhula kuphela emazingeni aphansi, ngokushisa kwansuku zonke isilinganiso sika-10 ° C, isisindo kanye neqabunga leqabunga liqala ukukhula ngokushesha, futhi kufaka imifino.
2. Phakathi nenkathi efudumele, isitshalo siyaqhubeka sikhula, esiphelela ngeqhwa lokuqala. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kwe-0 ° C, ingxenye engenhla ye-liana ifa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-subzero (-3 ° C), izimpande ziyafa.

Ukukhiqizwa nokutshala

Ipomeyu ingakhula ngezindlela ezimbili:

• ukuhlwanyela imbewu embhedeni wembali;

• ngokusebenzisa izithombo ezikhulayo.

Imbewu ye-Ipomoea ihlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini ngemuva kokusongelwa kwesithwathwa sekudlulile futhi inhlabathi iye yafudumala (maphakathi no-May).

Ngosizo lwamathuluzi ensimu enhlabathini yenza i-groove nge-1-2 cm ejulile. Ubude bendawo yokutshala buxhomeke enani lezinhlobo ezikhona. I-groove ihambelana nokunisela izingadi, bese ivumelekile ukuba ingene emhlabathini.

Izitshalo ze-Ipomoea zibekwe ngaphansi kwe-groove, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele lingabi ngaphansi kuka-10-15 cm. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ifafazwe nenhlabathi. Ubuningi bomhlabathi ngaphezulu kwembewu akumele kudlule u-1-2 cm.

Kunconywa ukumboza isayithi lokuhlwanyela ngefilimu epulasitiki efanelekile ngobude bayo - lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini futhi kuzosebenza njengokufudumala komhlabathi. Lapho nje amahlumela okuqala wezithombo avela (ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10), i-polyethylene isuswa ngokushesha.

Izithombo ezincane ziphuziswa njengoba kudingeka, cishe kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu.

Ukutshala ngokusebenzisa izithombo:

1. Izitshalo ezikhulayo ze-kvamoklita ezivela kumbewu kufanele ziqalwe amasonto angama-4-6 ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlongozwayo kwemivini encane ibe endaweni engapheliyo.
2. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sinomhlubo onzima, kuyadingeka ukuba ugijime ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlwanyela (ubambe izinhlamvu ngobusuku emgqonyeni wamanzi).
3. Ngokukhulayo ukhethe isitsha ngokujula okungenani u-7-10 cm.
4. Amahora amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi igcwala kancane ngamanzi afudumele (hhayi ukungcola).
5. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, i-recess yenziwa enhlabathini yezinhlamvu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokumisa umcibisholo wokufika ngokujula kwe-1-2 cm.
6. Beka imbewu emgodini wokutshala ebangeni lika 2-3 cm kusuka komunye nomunye.
7. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ihlanganiswa ngokucophelela ngomhlabathi futhi ilula kancane ngesundu phezu komhlaba. Njengoba umhlaba osesisitsheni usuvele uncibilikiswe ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, akudingekile ukuphuza izitshalo okwesibili.
8. Isiqukathi se-seedbed sigcwele ingilazi ecacile phezulu noma egoqwe nge-polyethylene. Lesi simbozo sisusiwe kuphela ukuze siphume futhi siphuze umhlabathi owomile.
9. Ngemva kweviki, izithombo zokuqala zizoqothula, emva kwalokho isembozo esobala sesitsha kufanele sisuswe.
10. Ukusekela okuqondile kufakwe eduze kwamahlumela asanda kuvela. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke ekuhambeni kokukhula kwentsha yasekuseni ekuseni kuyobambisana nomakhelwane babo futhi uma behla emgwaqweni, kuyoba nzima ukuhlukanisa nokuhlukana komunye nomunye. Njengoba izakhiwo ezisekelayo zemivini encane, ungasebenzisa izinti zokhuni ze-sushi. Eduze isiqu ngasinye sinamathele phansi emhlabathini.
11. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezithombo kuyoba ukuphucula nokukhulula inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa.
12. Izitshalo zingatshalwa emgwaqeni lapho usongo lokubuya kweqhwa ebusuku ligcina lifudumala futhi lidlula.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze kuvimbele ukuzimela futhi ukulawula ukusabalala okungathandeki kwe-Ipomoea emhlabeni wonke we-dacha, ngezikhathi ezithile ususe izimbali ezomile, kanye nayo yonke imivini efile ngemuva kokushona kokuqala kweqhwa ekwindla.

Indlela yokuqoqa imbewu ye-Ipomoea:

1. Kubalulekile ukuhlola imivini bese uthole izimbali ezomile.
2. Ngemuva ngayinye imbali eyomile kukhona i-pod encane ejikelezayo lapho imbewu ivuthwa khona.
3. Sidinga ukuthola ama-pods anjalo abhekene nobunzima futhi aphendukile ensundu. Kulula kakhulu ukucacisa ukuvuthwa kwembewu ku-pod - uma ucindezelwe, i-pod ikhiqiza futhi ivule isashi.
4. Imbewu iyasuswa emakhadini bese isetshenziselwa ukumelela emthunzini ephepheni elimhlophe lephepha noma isoso.
5. Imbewu eyomile kufanele igcinwe esikhwameni sephepha. Zihlala zingasebenza iminyaka engu-5-6.

Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni

Lo mvini osotsha awunesizotha, kepha kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi nalesi sitshalo kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile:

• Amaqabunga aphuzi - kungabangelwa ukomiswa kocansi lwempande (isitshalo sidinga ukuchelela) noma ukuchelela ngokweqile (inhlabathi iye yaphenduka inhlanzi). Ukunisela kufanele kube okulinganiselwe: uma inhlabathi imanzi kancane, akudingeki ukuba unamanzi. Futhi, ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga kungabika izifo zezitshalo noma ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukucacisa imbangela nokuphatha i-ipomoea ngesidakamizwa esikhethekile (i-insecticide noma i-agent ye-antifungal).

Kulezi zinambuzane zibandakanya izidakamizwa ezinjengokuthi "Enzio", "Marshal", "Fastak", "Kemifos", "Calypso", "Kinmiks", "Vertimek".

• Ukungabi nembala - Le nkinga ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukungabi khona kwelanga. Kungenzeka ukulungisa - okuncane kakhulu usebenzisa i-pruner umthombo we-shading (amagatsha emithi, njll) noma, uma izitshalo zingekho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili, ukufakelwa kwenye indawo, indawo ekhanyisiwe.

Uyazi? Imbali enkulu kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke uRafflesia Arnoldi. Kukhona imbali eyodwa kuphela ebomvu ebomvu esitshalweni. Amaqabunga awo aqinile futhi ayenamafutha, futhi ububanzi bembali efihlekile kufinyelela ku-90 cm. Isisindo sika-Arnoldi rafflesia singama-kilogram ayi-11. Imbali engavamile ihlaba iphunga: iyinikeza iphunga elingenakulinganiswa lezinyama ezibola.

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Lesi sitshalo sibhekene nezifo ze-fungal. Umthombo wesifo kungaba ukuchelela okwedlulele noma izinhlamvu ze-fungi pathogenic, njenge-phytophthora overwintering enhlabathini.

Kulesi simo, izingxenye ezithintekile ze-liana zingadliwa futhi zisuswe kusayithi, kanti yonke isitshalo, ikakhulukazi, iphuzu lokusika, kufanele lilashwe ngamalungiselelo antifungal.

I-Ipomoea nayo ingathinteka yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane - stem kanye nezimpande zokubola: lezi zifo aziphathwanga. Izimbali ezigulayo zisusiwe kanye nesistimu yempande ekhishwe emhlabathini futhi isuswe kusayithi ukuvimbela ukungcola kwezitshalo eziseduze.

I-white edema akusona isifo futhi kwenzeka uma ihlobo livula futhi libandayo. Kungabonakala ngendlela yama-convex azungezile amaqabunga emaqabunga, okwathi emva kwesikhathi ashintshe umbala wabo kusuka eluhlaza kuze kube mnyama. Amaqabunga acatshangelwe maduzane anciphisa.

I-edema emhlophe ingase ivele futhi ku-kvamoklite, ekhula ngaphakathi kokushisa okungabonakali.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

1. Njengesivikelo sokuvimbela izifo ezifisa isitshalo, kunconywa ukucubungula kabili ngesikhathi sokukhula ngamalungiselelo anethusi (i-Ridomil Gold, i-Acrobat MC, i-Profit Gold) noma amalungiselelo wezinto eziphilayo (i-Fitoftorin, i-Baktofit, i-Fitosporin M).
2. Kungenzeka futhi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungi ngokuphatha i-ipomey njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-10 ngesisombululo samasondo (1 litre lamanzi abandayo abandayo abongezwa ku-1 litre of whey). Isixazululo esisha esilungisiwe sahlanza lesi sitshalo esikhwameni.
3. Ungalimazi izitshalo uma utshala, unikeze ukukhanyisa okuhle futhi kungenaso icala ukugcwalisa! Ukunisela njalo futhi okunamandla ngamanzi angu-50% yiyona imbangela yalesi sifo.

I-Ipomoea ingahlaselwa izinambuzane ezinambuzane ezinjenge-aphid, izipikisi nezinambuzane zesicabucabu:

1. Ama-aphid angabonakala ngemuva kwekhasi leqabunga ngeso elimele.
2. Hlanganisa amaqabunga, uhlanganise izibungu zazo, futhi uzigqoke izimbobo kuzo. Konke lokhu kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwesisindo seshidi.
3. Ukutholakala kwezinambuzane zesicabucabu esitshalweni kunganqunywa yi-web spider ekhanyayo emaqabunga nasemaceleni okunamathiselwe kwesithatha. Lezi zinambuzane ezingenayo iso ziphuza ijusi kusuka emaqabunga, okubangela ukuthi lesi sitshalo some.

Lezi zinambuzane zidinga ukulwa ngesikhathi esifanele: ukwelashwa okukodwa noma ezimbili okulungiselelwe kahle ("Confidor Plus", "Aktara") - kanti lesi sitshalo siyokhululeka ngokuphelele kubahlaseli abangavunyelwe.

Ngomzamo omncane kakhulu, umgadi wensimu uzokwazi ukuhlobisa insimu yakhe yemifino noma ingadi ngenqwaba eluhlaza yamaqabunga enezimbali ezikhanyayo neziqhakazile ezikhula nsuku zonke. I-arch imbali emnyango we-dacha ne-ipomoea ehamba phambili iyoheha abantu abadlulayo kanye nomakhelwane, futhi banikeze abanikazi ngenjabulo yonke usuku lonke.