I-Anise iyitshalo elinezinhlobonhlobo ezinesiphuzo elimnandi-elimnandi nelithakazelisayo. Lesi sitshalo, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni, e-pharmacology, e-cosmetology nasemithi yokwelapha, isihloniphe izakhiwo zayo ezicebile phakathi kwezigidi zabantu.
Namuhla, i-anise iyalinywa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, kuyisilima kuphela eGrisi. Ukwazi imithetho embalwa nje elula, ngamunye wethu angakhula lesi siko esiyingqayizivele.
Uyazi? Abantu babesazi ukuthi kukhona i-anise kusukela esikhathini esidala. Ngaleso sikhathi, ezindlini eziningi, izibopho ze-anise zaziboshelwe ekhanda lombhede ukuhlanza umoya nokuvimbela ama-nightmares. Ezikhathini Ephakathi, i-anise yayiyigugu kakhulu futhi ibiza imali eningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-14 eLondon, imali eqoqwe emithethweni ekuthengiseni i-anise, yalungisa iThames Bridge.
I-Anise evamile: incazelo
I-Anise evamile (i-anise enomsindo, i-anise yemifino, i-anise bedrose) - lokhu kuyitshalo lonyaka elimnandi. Uthole igama layo kusukela ku-anison yesiGreki, futhi amaGreki abiza ngokuthi i-ganij, i-jire, i-cumin elimnandi, imbewu yesinkwa.
Izwe le-anise alisaziwa kahle: abanye bakholelwa ukuthi uvela e-Asia Minor, abanye baseGibhithe noma emazweni aseMedithera. Lesi sitshalo sinesitshalo esiqondile ngokuphakama kwama-60-70 cm kanye nezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe.
I-Anise icebile izakhi zomzimba nezindlela zokulandelela, incazelo yalokho okwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ingase ingabi nesikhono esincane esingakusihlwa kanye ne-fennel. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni - 19%, amafutha asemifino angama-23%, kuze kube ngu-3% ama-carbohydrate, ushukela, nama-fatty acids ewusizo, kufaka phakathi ikhofi.
U-Anis unesenzo esiningi sokwelapha futhi usiza nge-migraines, i-bronchitis, i-asthma, ukukhwehlela, i-pneumonia, i-laryngitis, izinso, isambiso, i-flatulence, izifo zamathunjini, isimiso senhliziyo, futhi sinomphumela wokuvuselela nokuvuselela.
I-Anise isakazwa kakhulu embonini yokudla, ukuthi iyini, namhlanje bayazi cishe cishe yonke imizi. Ngisho namaRoma asendulo aqaphela ukuthi i-anise isiza ekuqhumeni nasezintweni, ngakho-ke baqala ukuyifaka cishe yonke isidlo esindayo.
I-Anise isetshenziselwa imikhiqizo yokubheka, ama-dessert, ama-saladi, izinhlanzi nezinyama zenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imbewu ye-anise kuphela isetshenziselwa izinqubo zokwelapha, izithelo (ezincwadini zokupheka), izingxenye eziluhlaza (ezitokisini kanye nezitsha zangasese), kanti imbewu isetshenziselwa ukupheka. Ngenxa ye-anise, izitsha aziphazamisi isikhathi eside futhi azitholi isitembu, ukugcina ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi.
Kubalulekile! Uma isetshenziselwa izinhloso zokugaya, ungadibanisi inkanyezi yenkanyezi (i-star anise) ne-anise evamile. Lezi zitshalo ezahlukene, nakuba zombili ziyizinongo. Bane-flavor efanayo, kodwa ukubukeka okuhlukile nokunambitha.
Indlela yokutshala i-anise, ukukhethwa kwezindawo nokulungiselela inhlabathi
Manje sizocubungula indlela yokuhlwanyela nokukhulisa i-anise ekhaya.
Lapho ukuhlwanyela i-anise
U-Anis uyisitshalo esingawubanda futhi esine-thermophilic, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungasimanga kanjani. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kukhule kahle kwe-anise, kungcono ukuhlwanyela ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga naseningizimu.
I-Anise ikhiqiza ngosizo lwembewu ehluma ekushiseni kwe + 5 ... +8 ° C, kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu liyi + 20 ... +25 ° C. Noma kunjalo, izitshalo ezincane zingadlulisela izinga lokushisa elincane kuya -5 ... -7 ° С.
Okufanelekile ukutshala izindawo lapho imifino ekhulile ngaphambili noma izitshalo ezikhanyayo.
Ukulungiselela umhlaba wokutshala
Isayithi elikhethiwe ekuphumeni lidinga ukulungiswa ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala: bamba 25-30 cm bese ususa ukhula.
I-Anise iyisiko esicindezelayo, ngakho-ke ukukhiqiza kwayo kungcono kakhulu enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ecebile enhlabathini emnyama enesisindo esanele se-lime kanye ne-humus.
Futhi, i-anise ithanda umhlabathi ovulekile ocebile nge-phosphorus, okwandisa isivuno kanye nokuqukethwe kwamafutha abalulekile.
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu neyomhlabathi ayifanele ukutshala. Akunakwenzeka ukutshala i-anise endaweni lapho i-cilantro ikhula khona, ngoba inezifo ezifanayo nezinambuzane.
Ukutshala i-anise
Naphezu kokumelana nesitshalo endaweni ebandayo, akufanelekile ukusheshisa ngokutshala kwe-anise, njengenhlabathi ebandayo eholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwembewu nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo.
Imigomo yokutshala "ama-miracle herbs"
Imbewu ye-Anise ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, kungase kube ukuphela kuka-Mashi-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi iyashisa kahle ngemuva kwebusika elibandayo.
Nakuba ngo-Ephreli kusekhona ama-frosts, akulona okwesabisa, i-anise ithuthule ngokuthula. Ukutshala imbewu kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi ivuselele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlala isenele ngokwanele.
Indlela yokulungisa imbewu yokutshala
Imbewu ikhula kancane kancane ngenxa yegobolondo layo elinyene, elingadluli amanzi nomoya kabi, futhi nangenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile ezenzweni ezisezinambuzane.
Ukuhluma kwembewu kuthonywa kakhulu ekushiseni kwenhlabathi. Uma kuncane kakhulu (+ 3-4 ° С), khona-ke imbewu izohluma ngezinsuku ezingu-25-30, uma iphakeme (+ 10-12 ° С), khona-ke amahlumela okuqala azovela emavikini amabili.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, kumele kuqala ixiliswe emanzini ngokushisa kwe-16 ... I-+18 ° C yamahora angu-3-4, ukushintsha amanzi nsuku zonke. Khona-ke imbewu idinga ukumbozwa ngendwangu ebomvu bese ibamba ezinye izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ekushiseni kwe + 18 ... +22 ° С.
Lapho imbewu engu-4-5% iqala ukuhluma, idinga ukusabalalisa ngendwangu encane yendwangu futhi imiswe kancane, ivuselela ngezikhathi ezithile. Kanti futhi, imbewu kufanele ibenze i-vernalization ekhethiwe esiqandisini izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20.
Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitshalo zilungiswa kanjani uma kwenzeka ukwehla noma ukwehla ekushiseni kwemoya, okuvame ukubonakala entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokulungiselela okunjalo, imbewu ihluma ezinsukwini ezingu-10-11 emva kokutshala.
Imithetho ye-Anise yokuhlwanyela
Ngosuku olufanayo, lapho uhlela ukutshala i-anise, udinga ukukhulula ngokucophelela inhlabathi wenze i-superphosphate. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, udinga ukuhlwanyela isivuno emigqeni, kude no-35-45 cm phakathi kwabo.
Ukujula ukuhlwanyela akusekho ngaphezu kwe-1.5-2.5 cm. Khona-ke inhlabathi igoqwe. Isikhathi sesitshalo sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-150. Emasontweni amabili emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, kufanele ahlungwe kude kube ngu-10-15 cm.
Uyazi? I-Anise itshale kahle eduze kwe-apiary. Lokhu ngeke kuzuze isitshalo kuphela, kodwa futhi i-apiary ngokwayo: i-anise iyinhlangano enhle kakhulu yamaju.
Okudingayo ukwazi nge ukunakekelwa kwe-anise
Isitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile: ukuchelela, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukondla nokususwa kokhula. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi i-anise ikhula kanjani, njengoba umswakama obuningi ngokweqile, imvula kaningi kanye nemifucumfucu ibangela izifo ze-inflorescences nezivuno eziphansi.
I-inflorescences yesifo kumele isuswe ngokushesha. Ngenxa yobuningi bomuthi obuluhlaza, imbali entsha ihlumela ukusika noma ukusika. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, izithako ezimbili zenziwa ngamanyolo eziphilayo kanye nesisombululo esibuthakathaka samaminerali.
Anise: ukuvuna nini futhi kanjani
Isikhathi sokuqoqa i-anise ngokuvamile siphakathi naphakathi kuka-Agasti. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba uqoqe i-anise, thola ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa. Ngezinhloso zokupheka, ungakwazi ukuqoqa umhlabathi ohlaza okuyingxenye yesitshalo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Imifino eqoqwe idinga kancane eyomile: ngobumnene usike izitshalo ngamaqabunga bese uyomile ekamelweni elihle. Ukuze uthole impumelelo engcono, hlanganisa okungenalutho noma ukuyibopha bese uyifaka emthunzini.
Imbewu ivunwa lapho isitshalo sesitshalo siphenduka, futhi izithelo ze-anise zizovula umthunzi omnyama obunundu. Khona-ke lesi sitshalo sinqunywe, siboshelwe emabhantshini futhi siboshwe ukuvuthwa emthunzini. Ngaphambi kokumiswa, imbewu ihlanzwa ukungcola nokubhula.
Gcina imbewu emaphaketheni ovaliwe noma izikhwama zangasese endaweni eyomile nebandayo ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho ukunambitheka kwe-spice kuzogcinwa isikhathi eside.
Ngezimo zangaphandle ezihambelana nokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, nge-10 metres square. Izitshalo ungathola kilogram, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imbewu eningi.
Ukuvuna imbewu ye-Anise ngenhloso yokwelapha kwenziwa ngoSeptemba, emva kokuba izambulela zibe nsundu. Imbewu eyomile emoyeni noma e-dryers ekushiseni okungadluli kuma-50 ° C. Imbewu ye-Anise igcinwa esitsheni esisindiwe cishe iminyaka emithathu.
