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Ungahlola kanjani amakhowe ukuze uqiniseke ngezindlela zomuntu, futhi kuyingozi yini?

Amakhowe anamanzi ahlanzekile, amhlophe, okuthosiwe ukhilimu omuncu, isobho elicebile le-mushroom - inani lezitsha ngamakhowe alibala. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukukhetha amakhowe abo ukupheka ekhaya, ngoba akusizi nje kuphela inzuzo, kodwa futhi kuyisithakazelo esimnandi. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi enjalo ingaba nemiphumela emibi uma ungazazi zonke izinselele zenqubo. Indlela yokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezidliwayo ezivela ezinobuthi, futhi ukuthi izimpikiswano eziyingozi kangakanani ezimweni ezinjalo - ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe.

Ingozi yobuthi ngisho nangokwezinhlobo ezidliwayo.

Okokuqala, amakhowe adle angaba yingozi empilweni. Lo mkhiqizo uthatha izinto ezithinta imvelo, inhlabathi lapho ikhula khona, izandla eziqoqwe. Ngakho amavithamini engokwemvelo amakhowe acebile afakiwe ekubunjweni, kodwa futhi kukhona kalula:

  • amabhaktheriya. Ziyonke indawo, kuhlanganise nokudla. Imikhiqizo engaphethwe ukushisa yindlela eqondile eya emotweni. Iqembu eliyingozi lihlanganisa amakhowe akhuphukile, iresiphi alingafaki ukupheka. Futhi uma kungenalo usawoti, i-marinade enjalo iyingozi empilweni;

Siyancoma ukuthi sifunde ukuthi singamakhela kanjani amakhowe obisikabusika, ama-chanterelles ne-ryadovki.

  • ubuthi. Amakhowe abo angakhula njengenkathi yokukhula, eseduze nemigwaqo emikhulu, izitshalo namafemu, futhi ekugcineni ukugcina isivuno esivunyiwe kakade. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside ezitsha zokugcoba.
Ngaphezu kokubunjwa okulimazayo, bangela ubuthi:

  • ukusebenzisa ngokweqile. Isisu kunzima ukucubungula ukudla okunjalo, izingxenye ezinkulu kangaka zibangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubo zokugaya ukudla. Abantu ababhekene nezifo ezingelapheki esigabeni esisebenzayo, asebekhulile, izingane, kanye nemithi yabo engozini bayingozi engozini;
  • ama-worms, ama-spoiled, amakhophi awonakele. Emzimbeni wabo wezithelo, imikhiqizo yokubola isivele ibonakala ukuthi iyingozi kubantu;
  • amakhowe awahambelani nophuzo oludakayo. Izinhlobo ezinjenge-govorushka claviform, amakhowe amhlophe namhlophe, abe ne-toxin, engenabungozi ngokuphelele emafilini abilisiwe noma eqoshiwe, uma ungayisebenzisi utshwala. Ngaphansi kwethonya layo, i-toxin iyahlakazeka, futhi kungakapheli ihora izimpawu zokuqala zobuthi zivela;
  • amaqoqo angenalutho asemathinini. Amakhowe okufakwe emanzini anosawoti angaphansi kwamanzi noma angasetshenziselwa usawoti, agcinwe ezingxenyeni zeglasi, ngokushesha ahlasele, futhi amabhaktheriya ayingozi avela kuwo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yekhava elibi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kukhona okunamandla nokulondolozwa, futhi kungcono ukungayisebenzisi, kuzokuvumela ukuthi isivalo sikhukhule ku-can.

Kungenzeka yini ukuhlola izinga lokubheka "ngeso", futhi yini egcwele

Kulabantu kunezindlela eziningi zokubona isikhunta esinobuthi, kepha izindlela ezinjalo ziyabangaza kakhulu. Abaqashi bokuqala be-mushroom bakholelwa ukuthi iphunga lizosiza kule ndaba: okuthi izinhlobo eziyingozi zinephunga elimnandi, elimangalisayo.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu ngamunye ubona ama-flavour ngendlela yakhe, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezithile ezidliwayo nazo zihlaba iphunga (isibonelo, i-champignon evamile).

Omunye ukholelwa ukuthi izinambuzane nezimbungu azidli i-pulp enobuthi, ngakho-ke, iziqu ezivuthiwe kuphela ziqoqwe. Umkhuba ongalungile ongenayo ubufakazi obungokwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sikhumbula ukuthi yini egcwele ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo emibi kakhulu. Kodwa isitatimende sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngamakhowe kunganciphisa ubuthi bezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu kwaba yisitatimende esisongela kakhulu impilo. Utshwala awunalo izakhiwo ezifanayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo kuwubuhlungu kakhulu isimo.

Uyazi? Amakhowe akhula eplanethi yethu ngaphambi kokuvela kwama-dinosaurs lapha. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo azange zishintshe nhlobo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Izindlela zomphakathi nokusebenza kwazo

Phakathi kwezindlela ezithandwayo kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezithandwayo kakhulu, ukuphumelela kwazo manje okuhlolwayo kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi.

Hlola ngomnsalo

I-anyanisi noma i-garlic ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa. Amakhowe ahlanzwa, ahlanzwa futhi athunyelwe epanini ngamanzi wegesi. Lapho amanzi eqala ukupheka, engeza izinhla ezimbalwa ze-anyanisi ehlutshiwe noma i-garlic, bese uqapha ngokucophelela.

Kukholelwa ukuthi imifino izothola isicu esibomvu uma iziqu ezinobuthi ziphekwe epanini.

Ividiyo: hlola amakhowe nge anyanisi Kodwa empeleni, konke okulula: u-anyanisi nogalikhi bashintsha umbala ngaphansi kwethonya le-tyrosinase - i-enzyme ekhona kuwo wonke amakhowe adlekayo anobuthi anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengeyasebenza.

Uyazi? Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi babengayazi ukuthi yikuphi umbuso ama-mushroom ayenayo, ngoba ngokwemaprotheni, asondelene nezwe lesilwane, kodwa inani lama-carbohydrate namaminerali ubaletha eduze kwezitshalo. Le mpikiswano yaxazululwa ngo-1960 ngokudala umbuso ohlukile wamakhowe.

Sisebenzisa ubisi

Ayikho indlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu - hlola ubisi olujwayelekile. Kukholelwa ukuthi uma amakhowe anobuthi angena emanzini, ubisi luzophenduka ngokushesha. Kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi, isitatimende asivumelekile.

Ama-acids e-organic akhuthaza i-acidification, kanye ne-pepsin, i-enzyme etholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zefungi, futhi ayithinti ukufaneleka kwayo yokusetshenziswa.

Indlela yokuhlola amakhowe ngesiliva

Enye inganekwane ihlobene nesiliva. Indlela ethandwayo ithi into yesiliva ephonswe esitsheni esinamakhowe abilayo iyoba mnyama kakhulu ekuhlanganeni nezinhlobo ezinobuthi.

Ividiyo: Ukuhlola Amakhomikhali Nge-Milk neSiliva Futhi isiliva liba mnyama ngempela. Kuphela hhayi ebubini, kodwa kusuka kusibabule ku-amino acids fungal.

Kubalulekile! Isibabule sezinhlobo eziningi ezidliwayo, kodwa, yikuphi okuyingozi kakhulu, le nto ayitholakali kwezinye izinhlobo ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukubala ngale ndlela.

Uviniga nosawoti ukuze unciphise amakhowe

Amanye amakhambi omuntu awahlosiwe ukukhomba, kodwa ekunciphiseni ubuthi. Indlela ethandwa kakhulu kulokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa uviniga nosawoti.

Ngesikhathi sokupheka, kuyadingeka ukwengeza isisombululo seviniga-saline kuma-mushroom, futhi kuyomelwe kubhubhise ubuthi. Yebo, umphumela ofanayo unokwenzeka ngezinhlobo ezincane ezinobuthi (isibonelo, ukugxila), kodwa le ndlela ayiboni ngempela izibonelo ezinobuthi ezifana ne-Amanita kanye ne-toadstool ephuzi.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhethwa kwamakhowe ehlathini

Ukubutha emva kwemvula elandelayo ehlathini ukuvunwa, khumbula ukuthi umqoki we-mushroom, njengomhloli, kumele acabangele izici eziningi, ahlaziye izimpawu ezihlukahlukene, ngaphambi kokukhetha ukubuyisela okufanelekile ebhodini lakhe. Okokuqala, khumbula:

  • izinhlobo ezinobuthi ezibulalayo empeleni kancane, ngakho-ke zidinga ukwazi kahle. Thola kusuka ozakwabo abanolwazi oluningi noma kwi-intanethi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyingozi ezikhulayo endaweni yakho futhi uzifunde ngokuningiliziwe. Akulimazi ngisho ukulayisha isithombe efonini yakho ukuze ngesikhathi esifanele sibone isibonelo sokuqhathanisa;
  • isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo - hhayi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthi "ukuzingela okuthulile";
  • ungathathi amakhowe agcwele (sizokhuluma ngezizathu ezengeziwe);

Uyazi? I-mushroom emhlophe kunazo zonke emhlabeni ikhule e-USA. Isisindo salo sasingaba ngu-140 kg, nobubanzi - 2 m.

  • Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ume amahora ambalwa emanzini avamile., ukuguqula njalo ukukhipha ubuthi obuningi. Uma kunokwenzeka, zama ukupheka amakhowe, ngakho-ke amathuba okuba ubuthi ayancipha kakhulu.

Futhi imithetho eyisisekelo yalesi sikhethi samakhowe izobheka kakhulu.

Amanga futhi angempela

Wonke umuntu ohilelekile ekuzingeleni amakhowe uyazi ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ezidliwayo zinamawele anobuthi, okuvela kuyo imininingwane emincane kuphela. Yilezi zici ukuthi umthengi we-mushroom udinga ukwazi ukuze avune izitshalo ezingalimazi empilweni.

Ake sibheke izibonelo zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

  • amakhowe amhlophe. "Ukuqamba" okuyinhloko kuyisiko sombala omhlophe noma we-beige. Uma ubona i-mushroom ene-red, brown, ephuzi, ungayithinti. Ungaphinde uphule isiqephu seshidi. Ngokwehluka kwezimhlophe zangempela, indawo yokuqhekeka ngeke ishintshe, kodwa kumakhowa kaSathane uzoqala ukubonisa okwesibhakabhaka lapho;

Sikukwazisa ukuba uzijwayele ngemikhakha yemilingo yezinhlanzi kanye nezindlela zokuvuna nokuqandisa ama-mushrooms e-porcini ebusika.

  • i-honeydew. Kulula ukwenza iphutha lapha uma ungayinaki umlenze ngesikhathi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kusuka emilenzeni kuya esikhwameni kunweba "skirt", njengokungathi kuxhuma lezi zingxenye. Okuhlangenwe nakho okungamanga akunawo "izinto zokufinyelela" ezinjalo. Isibonakaliso sesibili siyi-plate cap enezikali, okuyinto kuphela ezidliwayo eziphilayo. Izibonelo ezinobuthi zihogela ngokungajabuli futhi zibe nombala ogqamile ongabonakali;
  • ibhotela. Laba bameleli balezi zilwane bahlukaniswa yi-cap nezinyawo ezisheshayo. Ngokubathinta ngeminwe, imidwebo ihlala, njengokungathi iphuma emafutheni, lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile emanzini, epholile. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwelanga, isikhumba sabo sikhanya futhi silula uma sisuswa ngommese. Ingaphansi kwekhanda kufana nesiponji, kodwa umbala wezilwane ezidliwayo ungahluka.

Kubalulekile! Ungakwazi ukubona izinambuzane ezingenakulinganiswa ngokusika ucezu lwepulp. Ukunqunywa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinobuthi kuzokuphenduka ngokushesha noma kuvuleke.

  • i-champignon. Umlingani wakhe oyinhloko uyisihlahla esinobuthi obubi. Bahlukaniswa abaqoqi be-mushroom esikhumbeni (ezinhlobonhlobo zibushelelezi, zomile, zinyama ezindaweni), i-cap (nxazonke e-mushroom edliwayo futhi iphatheka kancane kumakhowa anobuthi) namacwecwe ngaphansi kwalo. Esikhathini se-champignon, ziba mnyama ekuthinteni, kuyilapho i-toadstool ingasabele nhlobo. Emlenzeni we-specimen ezidliwayo ungabona ifilimu ekhanyayo phansi, okuyi-toadstool ephuzileyo ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-comrades akhetha indawo ehlukile: i-mushroom ikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile, emaphethelweni ehlathi, emasimini emifino, emasimini ezitshalo, kanti iwele elibi lihlala emthunzini wehlathi elimnyama;
  • umswidi omnyama. Lapha kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukunquma kabili ngobuqili. Uphawu lweyokuqala: bezel ehlanzekile. Ama-browns amanga ngokuvamile anezinambitheka ezimbi, ngakho izinambuzane nezimbungu ziwagwema. Uphawu lwesibini: unyawo oluhlanzekile. Kufanele kube isithombe esifana ne-birch bark. Uma kungekho, noma kunezintambo ezifana nemithambo yegazi, lahla leso sibonelo. Uphawu lwesithathu: umthunzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu we-cap, obeka phansi phansi. Lezimbali ezibomvu azizinemibala enjalo. Isibonakaliso Sine: i-cap bezel. Uma kunesimo sevelvety ngaphansi kweminwe, kubi, ngoba kubushelelezi ekudleni. Futhi ekugcineni aphule inyama - i-brownberry izoba mhlophe, hhayi i-pink;
Ibhokisi elidliwayo

Uyazi? Amakhowe yizinambuzane zama-antibiotic. Kwakuvela emvubelo amakhowe ngo-1940 ukuthi i-penicillin yakhishwa.

  • ibhokisi. Akuvamile ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo, kodwa phakathi kwamawele, osondelene naye yi-gorchak (gall fungus). Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-boletus ye-orange-cap hayikhulele emahlathini okuthiwa yi-coniferous, inesimiso esimangalisa esiqwini, isendlalelo sayo esiyingqimba sigxilisa i-pink, futhi inyama ngemva kokunqunywa kancane kancane ishintsha kusuka emhlophe kuya kumhlophe. Futhi amawele we-bile ahlale ebukeka emuhle, enhle, abaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi abawugwema.
I-Gorchak (i-mushroom yamanzi)

Indawo efanele: lapho akufanele ukhethe amakhowe

Nakuba amakhowe akwazi ukukhula cishe noma yikuphi, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi bangaqoqwa yonke indawo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lesi siko sithatha izinto ngokusuka emvelweni, bese uzama ukugwema:

  • imigwaqo. Ukushisa kwegesi akuyona eyinzuzo engcono kakhulu empilweni yomuntu, ngakho-ke sithuthela ehlathini okungenani ikhilomitha ukusuka emigwaqweni emikhulu, futhi kuyoba okwanele kumamitha amahlanu ukusuka emgwaqweni ovamile;
  • amathrekhi wesitimela;
  • amafemu kanye nezitshalo;
  • ama-storages amafutha nama-fuel bases;
  • izindleko zokuhlala;
  • amabhizinisi ezolimo (lapho bekhuphula imikhiqizo yabo, bangasebenzisa amakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ezidluliselwa emhlabathini kumakhowe akhula eduze).

Amakhowe amakhulu

Iqembu eliyingozi elihlukile yizibonelo ezindala zezinhlobo ezidliwayo. Ngisho nokukhula ezindaweni eziphephile, bangakwazi ukuqoqa izinsimbi ezithwala kakhulu nezinsimbi eziyingozi phakathi kwabo isikhathi eside ukulimaza impilo yomuntu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zama ukuqoqa amahlumela amancane kuphela.

Uyazi? Umfutho we-mushroom ungafinyelela ema-atmospheres angu-7, ngakho-ke ama-caps ajwayelekile atholakala emigwaqweni ye-asphalt. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwalo, "umntwana" onjalo uyakwazi ukwephula ukukhonjwa, kodwa nemabula kanye nensimbi.

Kodwa uma kungenakwenzeka ukugwema ukugwedla, bese ubilisa okungenani amaminithi angu-20 ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ngemuva kwamanzi kumele agcobe, futhi kuphela amakhowe azobe esekulungele ukuqhutshwa phambili.

Usizo lokuqala lwe-mushroom poisoning

Amaphutha, ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka kubaqashi be-mushroom abanolwazi, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala uma kunobuthi.

Lena isethi yemisebenzi ehlanganisa:

  1. i-ambulensi call. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zokuqala zivela;
  2. ukugcoba esiswini. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukususwa kokuqala kwesibuthi emzimbeni kungaphakamisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vumela isisulu ukuthi siphuze i-1-2 amalitha yesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (umyalelo wokulungiselela kufanele ube kuphakheji). Umphumela ofanayo uzobangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo (kusebenziwe, amalahle amhlophe) ngesilinganiso segrimu eyi-1 yomuthi ngamunye nge-1 kg yesisindo somuntu. Ukuvuthwa kuyaqhubeka nokubangela uma nje kungekho namanzi asele esiswini. Uma engekho imishini ekhethekile, usawoti ovamile uzokwenza. I-1 inkomishi yamanzi inciphisa 2 tbsp. l usawoti futhi unike isiphuzo. Isixazululo esinjalo siyoba nomphumela we-laxative. Ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kanye nama-laxatives avamile (ama-1-2 amagremu ngo-1 kg wezesisindo), kodwa inani lezidakamizwa kufanele lihlukaniswe ngama-2-3 amanani ngosuku;
  3. ukushintshwa komzimba kwamanzi. Ukuvuthwa kanye nesifo sohudo kumile ngokuphawulekayo, ngakho-ke emva kokukhipha ubuthi, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukulinganisela uketshezi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa itiye elimnandi, amanzi amaminerali.
Futhi, bekungeke kulimaze isiguli ukubeka ukushisa okufudumayo ngaphansi kwezinyawo noma esiswini sesiguli ukuze kusetshenziswe ukujikeleza kwegazi. Lapho usizo lokuqala luhunyushwa kahle, ithimba eliphuthumayo lizoqhubeka nenqubo yokwelapha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukubaluleka kubalulekile, kusiza ukugwema izinkinga.

Ukungena emahlathini, ungazithembi izindlela ezithandwayo: noma yiziphi izizathu zalokho okwenzekayo, kodwa ukusebenza kwezimali ezinjalo akuqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi. Uma ngabe kukhona i-fungus engabaza, ungayithathi. Khumbula imithetho yokuzingela amakhowe futhi unakekele impilo yakho nabathandekayo bakho.

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