Okudingekayo ekwakhiweni kocingo kungokwakhiwa kwamafomu. Umklamo kufanele ube oqinile, uvimbele ukugoba okungenzeka kanye nokukhubazeka, ukumelana nobukhulu besisekelo.
Ngemuva kokubukeza izici, imithetho nemishayo yokufakwa kwefomu, ungaqhubeka ngokuphepha ekukhiqizeni kwakho.
Izinto ezidingekayo
Isihluthulelo sefomu eliphezulu eliphezulu, elithembekile futhi eliqinile yizinto zokwakha. Ubuningi bezinto zokwakha ezimakethe kungandisa kakhulu i-arsenal yokukhiqiza kwayo.
Ukuze ulungele ukuklama:
- Metal - yonke indawo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwefomu, lapho amashidi ensimbi enamandla ene-thickness ka-1-2 mm asetshenziswa. Eyaziwa ngalolu hlobo lokunethezeka kokufakwa, ukuhlala isikhathi eside, kalula ukucubungula. Ukulimala okuphawulekayo yizindleko eziphakeme, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.
- Ukhonkolo okuqinisekisiwe - i-formwork ivela kuma-slabs aqinisekisiwe. Ngokuya ngobukhulu be-slabs lapho kuthululwa isisekelo, kuyokwenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo sokhonkolo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sigcine imisebenzi ephezulu yesakhiwo. Ubuncane - ubukhulu obukhulu bamacwecwe, okubandakanya ukubandakanya imishini ekhethekile.
- Styrofoam - ikhwalithi ephakeme, ehlala njalo futhi ewusizo. Umklamo uhlanganiswe kusuka emabhuloki okwenziwe okulula kakhulu ukufaka nokucubungula. Ukungahambi kahle kunzima ekukhetheni kwezakhi ezithile, isibonelo, izingalo, ukuzungeza, njll.
- Isihlahla - inketho ethandwa kakhulu. Ngokuvame ukwakhiwa kwamafomu usebenzisa i-sheet plywood noma amabhodi. Kulula ukufaka, eshibhile, akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile noma amathuluzi akhethekile. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko yisidingo sokufaka izakhiwo ezengeziwe zokuqinisa kwezinye izimo.
- Izinto eziphathekayo - slate, amashidi ochwepheshe, amashidi ensimbi. Lolu hlobo lwefomu lwakhibhe kakhulu, lukuvumela ukuba wakhe umklamo wesimo oyifunayo ngaphandle kwezikhala, izikhala. Phakathi kwamaminithi kungabonakala kube yinkimbinkimbi emhlanganweni, izinkomba eziphansi zokuthwala amandla, isidingo sokwengeziwe. Lolu khetho luzoba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu kwezakhiwo ezincane.
Izinhlobo zeFomu
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa embonini yokwakha, njengesisekelo esiqinile futhi esiqinile sokhonkolo, izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe.
Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ucingo ngokwayo kusukela ekukhoneni kwe-chain-link, kusukela ku-gabions, kocingo olukhuniwe ngokhuni.
I-vertical
Amafomu e-vertical type asetshenziselwa ukwakha izindonga ezincane, kodwa eziqinile, ukulungiswa okungavumelani, amakholomu, izinsika ezithile ezithandwayo. Kulesi simo, umthwalo usakazwa ezinhlangothini, ngokuqondile.
Iqoqo elijwayelekile lama-verticals liqukethe izakhi ezilandelayo: izihlangu ezilingana nezihambisanayo, ama-couplers, ama-struts, ama-shield, nezihlangu eziningana, kuhlanganise ukukhiya. 
I-Horizontal
Ukwakhiwa okuzungezile kusetshenziselwa ekwakheni ama-slabs esezansi. I-horizontal inobuningi obukhulu futhi imiswe ngokuqinile ngamathanga ensimbi.
Lolu hlobo lokusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho umthwalo usakazwa kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Isimiso se-formwork silula, ngoba ukufakwa kuzodinga: ukusekela, ama-tripods, amafoloko e-universal yokulungisa imishayo, imishayo, kanye nokwaziswa okushicilelwe kulokho okukhonjiswa khona. 
Oblique
Izakhiwo ezifakiwe noma izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokwakha, izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele, ezingezona ezijwayelekile ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi.
Uyazi? Kukhona nesakhiwo esinqunyiwe, okuyinto yokwakhiwa okuphelele ngendlela yokudonga. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwalo kuveza inhlangano yamapaneli noma ukuvimbela isakhiwo esisodwa. Ngemuva kokuthulukisa ukhonkolo kanye nokwengeza izinto zokwehlisa, kuhlanganiswa udonga lwe-monolithic.
Izidingo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwefomu, kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo:
- umkhawulo wokuphepha: isakhiwo kumele simelane nobukhulu bekhonkrithi, umelane nokuguqulwa, ukuguqulwa, ukuqina, ukusimama, ukungapheli, ukugcina isimo sokuqala;
- ukulula: umkhiqizo kufanele kube lula ukuhlangana nokukhiqiza, uma kunesidingo, ukuhlakazwa masinyane nokuthuthwa;
- Ubuningi: umkhiqizo ucabangela ubukhulu befomu, ukulungiswa kahle kwebhodi komunye nomunye, ukungabi khona kwezikhala kanye nezikhala emalungeni. Kumele kube nomhlaba ophelele nendawo ehleliwe eduze kwekhonkrithi;
- Izindinganiso: Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izingxenye ngayinye zibe nefomu elijwayelekile futhi zingasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe;
- ukuhlakazeka okulula: ifomu kufanele lihlakazeke kalula, liqedwe ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu ebuqothweni bayo;
- Ubukhulu: ubukhulu bezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye kumele buhambisane ngqo nobukhulu bokuklama kohlaka lokukhonkolo noma oluqinisiwe;
- izikhonkwane: amafomu kufanele ahlanganiswe futhi ahlangane esebenzisa inombolo encane yezipikili. Okukhethwa kukho kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni sabo ngamabhodi wokugqekeza.
Nini ukuhlanza i-formwork
Izici eziyinhloko ezihola ekunqumeni isikhathi sokususwa kwefomu kukhona izinga lokushisa nokukhonkolo. Kusezingeni lokushisa elisezingeni eliphansi kuncike esikhathini sokuqotshwa kwe-casting.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inani lesisombululo se-concrete esithulisiwe alithinti amandla alo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganayo, ukuvuthwa kwepuleti enkulu kanye ne-block encane kuyokwenzeka ngendlela efanayo.
Kungase kube usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukwakha i-veranda endlini ngokwayo, indlela yokwenza i-polycarbonate gazebo, i-do-itself-yourself enclosure inja, i-grille yamatshe.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ucacise kahle ukuthi ukuhlanza amafomu, kucatshangelwa izici eziyinhloko, kuphela emva kokuhlolwa okukhethekile kwamabarabhu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kube lula ngabathuthukisi, amatafula akhethekile adalwe ukuxhomeka kokushisa nesikhathi, lapho ukudilizwa kwesakhiwo kuyoba ephephile ngangokunokwenzeka kokubili ngokwezinqubo zangaphakathi zamakhemikhali, nokuqina kweJometri: 
| Amandla womzimba | ||||
| Ukushisa kwemoya | 15% | 30% | 50% | Isikhathi sokudiliza, izinsuku |
| +35 | 1 | 1,5 | 2 | 2 |
| +30 | 1 | 1,5 | 2 | 2,5 |
| +25 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| +20 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| +15 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| +10 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 |
| +5 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 10 |
| +1 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 15 |
Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-9-28 emva kokuthulula, futhi, ngokuya kwezinga lokushisa, ukhonkolo uzothola amandla angu-98%, kanti ama-2% asele azozuza kulo lonke impilo yesakhiwo.
Kubalulekile! Ukususwa kusengaphambili kwesakhiwo kungaholela emiphumeleni enjalo embi njengokuthi: ukulimala komshini kwesisekelo; ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ngenxa yokukhula kwendawo yokukhuphuka; ukwehla ku-hydration (ukukhuphuka komswakama), ngenxa yokuthi le nto ayikwazi ukuthola amandla anele.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Iziyalezo
Ukufometha kwesisekelo socingo kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula.
Ukuze uhlele indawo yakho, uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi ungenza kanjani amanzi ehlobisa, ingadi yezitshalo, umthombo, i-trellis yamagilebhisi, ingadi yase-rose, umbhede wamathayi, umfudlana owomile, umbhede wamatshe, i-rocky ariars.
Isinyathelo soku-1: Ukulinganisa nokuMaketha
Isinyathelo sokuqala nesinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kunazo zonke, okungajwayele ukuthi amakhosi angayinaki, imaka indawo futhi ithathe izilinganiso.
Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi womhlaba, kubalulekile ukubhala insimu yokwakhiwa kwesikhathi esizayo bese ubhala wonke umjikelezo, okuzokwenza kube lula ukukhomba izithiyo, izithiyo ekumba umhlabathi, isibonelo, iziqu, izitshalo, ukuxhumana, njll.
Ungabhekana nokungafani kokuphakama kokuqala nokuqeda, ngakho kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances bese uqhubeka isigaba sesibili - ukumba umsele.
Ukumaketha kwenziwa ngosizo lwentambo ehlanganiswe nezigxobo zokhuni noma zensimbi. Ngosizo lwe-roulette angle ukuveza bese uhlola usayizi. 
Isinyathelo sesibili: Ukuthungula
Umsele wensimbi ugujwa ngaphandle kwegcawu elibanzi, elihlangene nesidingo sokulungisa izihlangu nemigoqo yecala elimba emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukujula komgogodla kufanele kube ngu-10-15 cm ngaphezulu kunezingxenye ezisekelwe phansi. Kulesi simo, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa nxazonke ze-formwork.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukuba uthele ukukhonjwa ngqo emhlabathini. Ukuze uthole amandla nokuhlala isikhathi eside, ungqimba lwegridi nesihlabathi libekiwe phansi komsele.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukufaka imigoqo yangaphakathi (izakhiwo zokuvala)
Ephakathi komsele ohlangene nezindonga zayo kuyadingeka ukumba izimbobo ezikhethekile ngaphansi kwemigoqo yokuma, enesigaba sama-50x50 mm. Imishayo ingene ngokuqinile futhi ivulekile, kunconywa ukuthi ukhulule phansi kancane. 
Uma uhambisa isisekelo sama-20 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwamapulangwe anjalo kufanele libe ngu-120-130 cm, libe ne-30 cm yesisekelo - cishe imitha eyi-1. Imigoqo kufanele iqhube kancane phezu komsele, njengoba lokhu kuyodingeka kamuva ukulungisa amafomu, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwayo nokuthembeka.
Isinyathelo 4: Faka izihlangu (izakhiwo zodonga)
Ngemuva kokuthi imigoqo yangaphakathi izovezwa, qhubeka nokuqoqwa kwezihlangu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqiniseka ukuthi amabhodi atholakale ngokucacile ebangeni elifanayo. Ngemuva kokuba ukufakwa kwezihlangu endaweni yokuma kuqediwe, isihlabathi kanye nohlula zimbozwe ngendwangu ka 7-10 cm emgodini. 
Isinyathelo 5: Ukukhishwa kweShield
Ngosizo lwama-slats angokhuni angamapulangwe nezinwele ezide, ama-vertical vertical afakwe, aqaphele njalo ukunemba kokufakwa kwezihlangu ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nokwakhiwa okulodwa kwezihlangu. Ukuze ugcizelele ingubo, kusuka ngaphandle komgodla ukulala phansi noma igravel. 
Isinyathelo 6: Ukubeka izitebe zangaphandle zecala
Ukuze umklamo ungaphumi ngaphandle, faka amaceleni angaphandle, aphelele ukusika amashidi e-plywood. Ububanzi bamashidi anjalo kufanele bulingane nokujula kokugcwaliswa.
Ukuyeka kuhamba ngokuqinile emaphakheni phakathi kwesihlabathi kanye namabhodi. Ngemuva kokuthulukisa ukhonkolo, ngaphansi kwesisindo salo ucezu lweplywood luzocindezelwa ngokumelene nesihlahla, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukubhebhetheka nokuthembeka kokukhishwa.
Isinyathelo sesi-7: Ukulungiswa kwekhasi eliqinisiwe lesisekelo
Uma indawo yokufakwa kwefomu isilungele, lungiselela uhlaka lokuqinisa oluthathu lwezingqimba ezingezansi zokuqinisa izingodo. Ingqimba ngayinye ikhona enye ngenhla, futhi umugqa ophezulu kakhulu kufanele okungenani ube ngu-10 cm ngezansi. 
Izintambo ezivundlile zixhunyaniswe nezilinganiso ezifanele nge-welding. Izinduku ezide zenziwe, ezifakwe ezigodini ezifushane. Ngakho kuvela umklamo ngesimo sefreyimu yeseli.
Esikhathini esifanayo, amakholomu asekelwayo afakwe, afakwe kwi-fixture. Amakholomu angcwatshwa ekujuleni okungenani ngaphansi kokujula kwenhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Ukufakwa kwezinsika kuyimpoqo uma ufaka izicingo ezinkulu nezicingo.
Isinyathelo 8: Ukulungiselela Ukukhonjiswa
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza ukhonkolo. Kulokhu uzodinga:
- usimende;
- i-rubble;
- isihlabathi;
- amanzi;
- i-plasticizer.
Uyazi? I-plasticizer ingafakwa esikhundleni sesephu enomsoco, eyongezwa ngesamba esincane kwisisombululo esiphelile. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuqina kwe-ingxube bese kuwuvumela ukuba usakaze ngokulinganayo.
Inqubo yokulungiselela ukhonkolo iyinto elula: i-samisi ixubene nesihlabathi ne-rubble ngo-1: 3: 2, kancane kancane amanzi ayenezela ukwenza isisombululo sepulasitiki, kodwa hhayi isixazululo.
Kunconywa ukuthi ungeze izingxenye ezibandayo ezingenalutho kumxube. Ngokuqondene nomkhiqizo we-samente, kunengqondo kakhulu ukusebenzisa okujwayelekile - M200 noma M250.
Isinyathelo 9: Ukugcwalisa Isixube
Ngemuva kokuba ukhonkolo ulungiselelwe, isakhiwo sigcwele. 
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokugcwalisa amafomu:
- ukugcwalisa izendlalelo;
- gcwalisa indlela eqhubekayo.
Indlela yokugcwalisa izoncika ekutheni inani le-concreting. Njengoba indawo yokufaka ucingo ngokuvamile isincane, ukugcwaliswa okuqhubekayo kungasetshenziswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukhonkolo uxhunywe ngokucophelela kwisakhiwo, ukuwuhambisa ngaso sonke isikhathi nxazonke ngefosholo.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nenhlanganisela yokudonsa. Kuze kube sekugcineni, ku-formwork izihlangu ngokuthinta ngokuhlelwa nge-mallet. Lapho ukhonkolo lugcwalisa ngokuphelele isakhiwo kuya ezingeni elifisiwe, lishiywa ukuthi lifakwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvimbela ukwehlukana kokotshani, ingxube ye-ingxube ifakwe emanzini futhi isakazeka ngokulinganayo.
Isinyathelo 10: Ukuhlanganisa
Ukuze kuvikelwe i-formwork kusuka emoyeni noma kumswakama uma kwenzeka imvula, eduze nomjikelezo wokwakhiwa kwabo bawelula ifilimu ye-PVC. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, lapho ukhonkolo lukhishwa, isambatho sisuswa, njengoba amanzi emvula engasakwazi ukwenza umthelela omubi engxenyeni. 
Isinyathelo 11: Ukuhlukanisa
Ukudiliza isakhiwo ngemuva kokuba ukhonkolo seluhlelwe ngokulandelana. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhipha amapulangwe emiphakathini etholakala ngokuzenzekelayo, bese ususa amapiloni aqondile, uhambise amabhodi emaphethelweni emsele, futhi ekugcineni ususe amapulangwe kusuka plywood. Yonke imisebenzi yokuhlanza isenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze ingalimazi isisekelo. 
Izici zefomu esezingeni eliphezulu
Izindawo zokuhlala ezihlelekile azikho, futhi ngokuvamile kufanele zenze amafomu emthambekeni. Uma izinga lomhlabathi linamaconsi ambalwa nje, ngaphansi kuka-10, ngakho-ke akukho zenzo ezikhethekile okudingeka zithathwe.
Ukuze unikeze umndeni wakho imifino nemifino emisha ebusika, kuyokusiza ukuba ufunde ukwenza okwakhiwa okushisayo kusuka emipayipi epulasitiki ngezandla zakho siqu, ukushisa okuvela emipayipi ye-polypropylene, ukwakha i-Polycarbonate nursery greenhouse, i-glasshouse ye-Butterfly, i-Butterfly glasshouse, kanye nokushisa okushisa ku-Mitlayder.Uma kungenjalo, inkinga ingaxazululwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- setha ucingo ngokuhambisana nendawo;
- sebenzisa umgomo wehla wezinga.
Okokuqala, nakuba kulula ukwenza, kodwa akusikho ubuhle kakhulu, abathuthukisi abaningi bakhetha okwesibili. Ukwakhiwa kwefomu emthambekeni kuhlukile ngokufakwa okugxilwe, futhi umehluko omkhulu uhlobene nokumba umsele.
Ngomthambeko onamandla, kunconywa ukwakha umgodi we-type-stepped - yakha isinyathelo ngasinye ngesinyelelo sokusekela phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingekile ukuba ugcine kahle ukucabanga kokuvimbela ukuchithwa komhlaba. 
Umsebenzi kufanele uqale ngephuzu eliphansi kunazo zonke, kancane kancane liqhubekele phezulu emthambekeni. Ngokushesha ngemva kokubunjwa kwezinyathelo, kufakwe ifomu lefomu, lapho izinto eziqiniswayo zifakwa khona.
Ukulungiswa kwesisombululo, ukuthululwa kwayo kuyenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokufakwa okuyizingqimba.
Izinkanyezi nezincomo
Ukuze wakhe isisekelo socingo oluzayo ngezandla zakho, kumele ube namakhono athile nolwazi kokwakhiwa.
Ezinye zezincomo nezeluleko zakha abakhiqizi kuzokusiza ukwenza lula umsebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uwenze ngezinga elifanele. 
Uma ukwakha amafomu, kuyadingeka:
- qinisekisa ukuthi ayikho ikhefu kanye nezikhala phakathi kwezansi kwezihlangu kanye phansi komgodla;
- lungisa i-plywood engxenyeni yangaphakathi yomsele, nezinsika ezingemva kwezihlangu;
- ukugoba izikrini nge-angle engama-45 degree;
- qinisekisa ukuthi ayikho izipikili ezihamba phambili ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, kungenjalo izinkinga zingase ziphakame ngesikhathi sokuqothula;
- Akunconywa ukuba enze umsebenzi wokubeka endaweni eshisayo, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lingase liholele ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi kukhonkolo. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukudlulisa ukwakhiwa, kubalulekile ukumboza ubuso nge-sawdust, okuzovumela ukugcina umswakama;
- Wonke umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngezigaba, ngaphandle kokushesha, ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni.
Ukwenza ifomu eliqinile, eliphakeme kakhulu lesisekelo socingo akulula, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu engakaze asebenze ngaphambili nomsebenzi wokwakha.Kodwa, ngokulandela zonke izincomo zochwepheshe nokukhetha izinto ezifanele, ungakha isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa esizosebenza iminyaka eminingi futhi kuzoba "okungenalutho" kwamakhulu okugcwaliswa.
