Abaqoqi be-mushroom akutholakali ukutholakala amakhowe akhula ezihlahleni nasezintweni. Kodwa-ke, njengomthetho, ababalaleli, ngoba bayabheka njengabantu abangenayo, noma bamane nje abafuni ukuzibandakanya ngezimo ezingajwayelekile. Ngempela kukhona ezimbalwa ezidliwayo, futhi esiphundu futhi enomsoco - ngisho nangaphansi. Noma kunjalo, kuyasiza ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nabo. Lokho esikhuthaza ukukwenza ngokufunda lesi sihloko. Kuyo uzothola izithombe namagama amakhowe esihlahleni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo impendulo yombuzo: ingabe iyadliwa noma cha.
Kungenzeka yini ukuba udle?
Njengoba sibhala ngenhla, phakathi kwamakhowe akhula emithini nasezikhunjini, lezo zingadliwa ziyatholakala. Nakuba kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zincane kakhulu kunezinye ezikhula emhlabathini. Okudumile kunazo zonke phakathi kwefungi etholakala emathunjini yi-honey agarics. Leli yigama elidumile leqembu lama-mushroom adlekayo, ayingxenye yamaqembu ahlukene e-morphological. Amakhowe abizwa ngokuthi - igaraji, ngoba ngokuvamile uvame ukukhulela izinkuni eziphilayo noma kakade ezingapheli, ku-stumps. 
Uyazi? I-Mint ngumkhiqizo obalulekile wempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, iqukethe izinto ezilandelwayo ezithintekayo ekwakheni igazi. Ngokudla amagremu angu-100 alawa amakhowe ngosuku, umuntu uyokwanelisa isidingo sakhe nsuku zonke ngezinto ezinje njengezethusi ne-zinc..Isigaba samakhowe sihlanganisa amakhowe amaningi ahlukene kakhulu. Kanti futhi ngaphansi kwazo kungabanjwa iziqu ezingenakutholakala, ezibizwa ngokuthi amakhowe amanga amanga. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi umehluko wezici phakathi kwesifungi esiyingozi nesingenabungozi. Ngezansi sinikeza isithombe nencazelo yamakhowe akhula ezihlahleni futhi avame kakhulu.
Ungenzi kanjani iphutha ekukhetheni?
Phakathi kwamakhowe ngezinkuni, akuzona nje amakhowe abanjwa, futhi futhi, ama-mushroom ama-oyster, izikali, ne-liverwort. Ziyadliwa, ziyingozi futhi ziyakhathaza. Masifunde eduze. 
Okudliwayo
Akuzona zonke amakhowe ezibalwe ngezansi ezihlwabusayo futhi ezinomsoco, noma kunjalo, azilimazi empilweni. Ezinye zazo ziyaziwa futhi zithandwa phakathi kwabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi. Nasi uhlu lwamakhowe ezidliwayo ezikhulayo ezihlahleni, ezinezithombe nezincazelo:
- Oyster oqoshiwe (Pleurotus cornucopiae). It has a hat in the shape of uphondo noma umcibisholo. Kuyinto elula, ephuzi embala. Unesisindo esingama-3-12 cm. Umlenze we-mushroom we-oyster uphakathi nendawo, ogcwele amacwecwe e-nazbegayuschimi, ubude obuyi-2-6 cm. Inyama ye-oyster mushroom ihlanzekile, ihlaziye, iyanwebeka. I-mushroom ine-aromatic, i-smell engenakuphika futhi inambitheka. Uhlala ezitshalweni ezimbi kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba.
- I-Grifola curly (i-Grifola frondosa). Linamanye amagama: i-mushroom-ram, i-mushroom yokudansa. Ikhophi iyabonakala ngokulula ngokuchazwa kwamaproseshi kanye nokukhanya okulula. Inyama yakhe imhlophe, i-fibrous. It has ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye iphunga. Izithelo kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Okuvamile kakhulu phansi kwama-oki kanye namabalazwe. Kungaba nesisindo esingaba ngu-10 kg.
Ngaphandle kwezingozi zempilo, ungadla amakhowe adlekayo: i-aspen, amakhowe amnyama amakhowe, ama-boletus, ama-russula, i-volnushki, amakhowe ama-satanic, ama-chanterelles, ama-aspen, amakhowe amhlophe, ama-mushroom, ama-boletus, ama-mushrooms ama-white, nama-honey agaric.
- Igoli lebusika (i-Flammulina velutipes).Iqukethe i-cap convex eluhlaza nesilenze. Isikhungo somzimba we-fruiting sibumnyama. Unyawo lugcwele amafayili. Ububanzi bayo buvela ku-2 kuya ku-10 cm. Umlenze unobundu, cishe ubude obuyi-7 cm. Inyama imhlophe, iyinambitha futhi iphunga elimnandi. Kuvame ukutholakala ezinkuni ezinzima eziqinile, ama-willows omisiwe nama-poplars. Kusuka ekwindla ukuze kuhlwanyele likhula ngamaqembu, lingase lenzeke ngaphansi kweqhwa.
- I-sandstone ye-Summer (Kuehneromyces mutabilis).Ohlala emahlathini ahlukumezayo. Izithelo kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuNovemba. I-cap encane - ububanzi bayo buyi-6 cm. Njengezo zonke futhi, i-convex ebusheni, futhi ngokuguga ihlelwe futhi igwetshwe. Umbala - obomvu noma ophuzi. Umlenze walesi sitshalo ubushelelezi, u-7 cm high. Inyama iphuzi, ihlanjululwe, ngokunambitheka okuncane.
- I-honeycomb yase-Autumn (i-Armillaria mellea).Ikhishi elinesisindo esingu-17 cm. Imilenze yokwaziswa kwekwindla ka-10 cm ubude, obomvu obukhanyayo, obugcwele izikali. Inyama isinyene, imhlophe. I-mushroom isiphundu, inephunga elimnandi. Ngokuvamile kaningi kubonakala ku-stumps yezihlahla ezinjalo: i-aspen, i-alder, i-birch, i-elm.
Kubalulekile! Iningi le-honey agarics linamawele ayingozi. Umehluko omkhulu, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhowe nama-specimens amanga, kuba khona kwendandatho kuma-mushroom adlekile esiteji ngaphansi kwekhanda.
- Isibindi esijwayelekile (i-Fistulina hepatica). I-specimen ibizwa ngokuthi ifana nesiqephu sesibindi kwesigaba. Unesibhakabhaka esincane, isibomvu esincane noma esibomvu esingama-10-30 cm. Ikhula ngomlenze ohlangothini olufushane. Inyama ibomvu, inyama. Umzimba wesithelo unomuncu ukunambitheka futhi ukhululekile kunuka. Uthanda ukukhula emithini ephilayo. Ngokuvamile zihlelwe e-oki, i-chestnut. Ngokuvamile ingabonakala ezitshalweni ezinamagatsha. I-mushroom ingatholakala kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla.
- I-Tiger yamaqabunga evamile (i-Lentinus tigrinus). Isikhwama salesi sibonelo sikhula sibe ngu-4-8 cm. Sizodwetshwa emakhadini alula - kungaba mhlophe, aphuzi, i-nutty. Ihlanganiswe ngezikwele zomnyama omnyama noma omnyama. Umlenze ugobile, u-3-8 cm ubude. Inyama yinkimbinkimbi, ayinakho iphunga elikhethekile nokunambitha. Ibonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni. Isikhathi sokuqoqa - kusukela phakathi nohlobo kuya ekwindla. Ikhula phezu komuthi onzima.
- I-polyporus yeselula (Polyporus alveolaris).Isikhumba sakhe sinama-oval noma semi-circular. It has umbala ophuzi nge tinge obomvu. Ihlanganiswe ngezikali ezincane. Ifinyelela ububanzi buka-2-8 cm. Umlenze - omhlophe, omfushane (cishe ngo-10 mm), osekuhlangothini. Ezinye izibonelo ngokuvamile zikhula ngaphandle kwemilenze. Inyama inzima, imhlophe. Iphunga layo nokunambitha akusizi ngalutho. Izithelo ezitshalweni ezivuthiwe kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti.
- Polyporum scaly (Polyporus squamosus) ingenye yamakhowe athandwayo ekhula emithini - ungayibona esithombeni nasenchazweni. Lesi sibonelo sikhula ngesikhumba esinezikhumba esinezicathulo ezinama-brown esikali. Ubukhulu bayo buba ngu-30 cm. Umlenze uphinde uhlanganiswe nezikali, ezibomvu. Ifinyelela ubude obuyi-10 cm. I-pulp ibonakala ngobuningi kanye ne-juiciness, ene-flavour, enomnandi flavor. I-Tinder iyadliwa kuphela efomini layo elincane, likhulu kakhulu, lizobe selikhona inyama enzima. Inkathi ye-fruiting yayo iwela entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Kuvame ukukhula emapaki nasezindaweni eziqhamukayo zamahlathi. Uthanda ukuxazulula ama-elms.
- I-Tinder i-sulfur-yellow (Laetiporus sulphureus). Abantu babizwa ngokuthi inkukhu. Ikhula nge-cap ephuzi ngesimo sokudonsa kwe-10-40 cm ububanzi. Umlenze wayo ubonakaliswe kahle, njengekhanda, unomshini ophuzi. Inyama iqinile futhi ihlanzekile. Ikhula ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziqhamukayo neziketshezi, zingathinta izihlahla zezithelo. Izithelo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla zakuqala.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba amakhowe ukudla okulukhuni kwendlela yokugaya inyama, akufanele kudliwe ebusuku. Kanti futhi, akudingeki ukondle izingane ezingaphansi kwezinhlanu. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, noma yikuphi amakhowe kumele abiliswe okungenani amaminithi angu-20.
Unobuthi
Phakathi kwefungi le-parasitic ezihlahleni, empeleni, okungenakwenzeka, futhi ngisho nalabo abangabangela ukulimala okukhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Nasi uhlu lwamakhowe angabonakali ajwayelekile angakhula emithini, enezithombe nezincazelo:
- I-Ganoderma eningizimu (i-Ganoderma australe). Isikhwama salesi sibonelo sincane futhi sinkulu kakhulu - kufika ku-40 cm ububanzi futhi kufika ku-13 cm ubukhulu. Iqukethe ama-brown shades, ama-gray, ama-brown. Izinyawo cishe lapho. Isidumbu somzimba wesithelo sinothambile, sibomvu noma sibomvu. Uthanda ukuhlala emiphongolweni, ama-oki nama-lindens.
Amakhomikhali afana ne-toadstool eluhlaza, i-piglet ne-speculum ayinconywa ukuba adle, ngoba ayinobuthi.
- Ischnoderma resinous (Ischnoderma resinosum). Umzimba wesithelo salesi sikhunta ungama-20 cm ububanzi. Inombala obhedu, obomvu, obomvu. Uma i-ischederma ikhula ngokukhulayo, amaconsi omfutho obomvu akhululwa ku-cap. I-pulp ye-fungus iyamanzi, imhlophe. I-Ishnoderma ivela kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba emahlathini amnyama (okuvame ukwenziwa nge-beech, birch, i-linden). Kubangela ukubola okumhlophe ku-fir.
- I-Piptoporus oak (i-Piptoporus quercinus). Ibonakala ngesidumbu esikhulu somzimba ovuthiwe noma isifane-shade esingu-10-15 cm ububanzi obuphezulu. Imibala ingaba mhlophe, imnyama, iphuzi. It ikhula phezu izitshalo eziphilayo, kaningi phezu oki.
- I-Postia yokubopha (Postia stiptica).Lesi sibonelo sivame kakhulu, singabonwa ngomzimba omhlophe wezithelo ezibunjwa ezihlukahlukene. Amakhowe amancane agcwele amaconsi amanzi. Unenyama enamanzi namanzi enomuncu obabayo. Iningi likhula kuma-conifers.
- Ama-Trametes fluffy (ama-Trametes pubescens). Izinkozi zikhula ngo-10 cm. Ubuso babo obumpunga nge-shades ehlukene. Inyama imhlophe futhi isikhumba. Okuvame ukutholakala ku-stumps kanye nase-deadwood. Uthanda ukuhlala emabhitshini kanye nama-conifers.
Kubalulekile! Qaphela ukuthi amakhowe anobuthi angabonakala ekhangayo futhi ephunga kakhulu, futhi edlayo.
Ukwelapha
Amanye amakhowe, ekhula ndawonye nomuthi, adala izidumbu zezithelo ezinokuphulukisa izakhiwo. Kulaba bantu, abaphulukisa abantu benza imithi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, amakhowe akhula emithini, enezithombe namagama ongabona ngezansi.
- I-Larch isiponji (i-Fomitopsis officinalis). Igama lalo lingu-agaricus. Izitho zomzimba ze-fungus zifana nenselo, futhi zingabuye zibe yi-oblong-cylindrical. Finyelela ubukhulu kuze kube ngu-10 kg. Umbala ubumhlophe, umbala ompunga, ophuzi ophuzi. Khulisa i-hvoynikov, kaningi ku-larch. Izikhwama ezisekelwe ku-fungus ziyancipha, zimise igazi, zenze njenge-sedative, zibe nomthelela omncane we-hypnotic. Futhi isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa ukujuluka.
- I-lacquered oyinyumba (i-Ganoderma lucidum). Kwaziwa kangcono ngokuthi uReishi noma u-Lingzhi. Inesikhumba esiphezulu se-ovoid noma sezinso esinesikhumba esikhanyayo sembala ehlukahlukene: obomvu, obomvu, obomvu, omnyama. Inyama iyinyumba, ayinambitheki futhi ayinasiphelo. Ngokuyinhloko ikhula ngezinkuni ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe, kanengi ku-stumps. Izimali ezisekelwe ku-fungus zine-antitumor, i-immunomoduliruyuschee effect. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, imetabolism, ukuvuselela ukucindezelwa kwegazi.
- I-Polypore Slanted (Inonotus obliquus), eyaziwa ngokuthi i-chaga noma i-birch mushroom. Umzimba wesithelo ukhula ububanzi kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-40 cm. Ingabe ukuma kokukhula kwesimo esingavamile. Kwenzeka kumnyama. Ihlanganiswe nezinqwaba eziningi ezincane. Ngokuvamile uhlala ezihlahleni ze-birch, kodwa futhi ungathinta i-alder, i-maple, i-mountain ash, i-elm. Izindlela ezisuselwe ku-tinder oblique zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nesifo sofuba nezinhloso zokulwa nesisu. Ukuthola i-antimicrobial, i-antispasmodic, isenzo se-diuretic.
Uyazi? Amakhowe aqukethe insimbi eningi, i-phosphorus ne-calcium kunanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesilwane, futhi kaningi amavithamini B3 angaphezu kuka-5-10 kunemifino nemifino.
Ukusebenzisa ama-stumps ukuze ukhule amakhowe
Ukuthutha kungasetshenziswa ngokuba ukhula amakhowe ama-oyster. Lokhu kulula ukwenza, isibonelo, ku-dacha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga indawo emnyama noma igumbi kanye nezinsika ezimbalwa zokhuni oluqinile (i-birch, i-aspen, i-apula, i-pear, i-acacia, i-poplar). Izitshalo zeConiferous azifanelekile kulezi zinhloso.
Izitshalo akufanele zibe zidala, zilungile uma zisanda kukhishwa. Dry isidingo soak izinsuku eziningana emanzini. Amasayizi abo awadlali umehluko omkhulu. Izingxenye ezilula ezinamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-40 kanye nokuphakama kwama-40 kuya kwangu-50 cm. 
Ukulima kwama-oyster amakhowe kungenziwa kokubili ezindaweni ezivulekile nasemakhaya. Uma uhlela ukubeka izitshalo emgwaqweni, indawo kufanele ibe emthunzini futhi umoya omuhle. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-20 ° C agrofiber indawo yokuhlala. Isikhathi esihle sokufika ku-April-Meyi no-Agasti-Septemba. I-Mycelium ihluma ezinyangeni ezintathu.
Kukhona izindlela eziningana zokubeka izingodo. Kuzo zonke zazo, uzodinga ukumba umgodla okungenani u-30 cm ububanzi nobubanzi, obuhambisana nobubanzi bezingqimba zamapulangwe. Uma kunezinsizakalo ngaphansi kwezingodo, awukwazi ukumba umhlaba, bese ufaka izitshalo phezulu.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokufaka i-mycelium esitsheni - isibonelo, ngemigodi yokugaya, ngokusika ingxenye engaphezulu, ngokwakha imipiramidi yezingqinamba ngezingxenye eziningana ze-mycelium, njll. 
Ebusika, izitshalo zizodinga ukulethwa egumbini noma zimbozwe ngotshani, i-agrofibre.
Kubalulekile! Isimo esibalulekile sokutshala amakhowe ama-oyster endaweni evulekile ukugcoba njalo kwenhlabathi ezungeze iziqu. Uhlelo lokunisela lokugcoba lungcono kakhulu kule njongo.Uma ukhula amakhowe we-oyster ekamelweni uyayidinga sanitized. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-4% se-lime. Ngemuva kokungcoliswa kwegazi, igumbi kuzodingeka livaliwe amahora angu-48 bese livuthwa kahle ngenkathi kungekho iphunga kulo. Igumbi kumele libe nokuphuza umoya, ukukhanyisa, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo (+ 15 ° C).
Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukubeka izingodo ngemuva kokuhlwanyela nge-mycelium engaphansi noma egazini phezulu, phezulu komunye nomunye. Kusukela phezulu zimbozwe nge-sacking noma ifilimu ephikisiwe.
Ngokufakwa okuqondile kwamalogi benza amakholomu futhi balele ngotshani, i-sawdust. Kusuka ezinhlangothini zekholomu kuhlanganiswe ifilimu noma i-burlap.
I-air Indoor kumele ibe njalo imswakama. Ukushayela njalo kuvunyelwe.
Ngo-Meyi, izitshalo zingatshalwa phansi emhlabathini.
Ithonya lesifungulu emagqabeni emithi
Amakhowe anethonya elibi emithini. Ukukhathazeka kokubili amagxolo kanye nezimpande zawo. Ngokuvamile, izidumbu zezithelo zakhiwa emigodini endala, egulayo, eyonakalisiwe, enezinambuzane. Zingathinta kokubili izitshalo zehlathi nezitshalo zezithelo. Ngokuvamile kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kokubola okuhlukahlukene, ezinye izifo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuthi ungafa ngokuphelele.
Kodwa ezinye izikhuni zezinkuni, njenge-tinder, zibizwa ngokuthi abahlengikazi bezinhlanzi ngoba zibangela ukubola kwezinkuni ezindala nezigulayo, okwenza umhlabathi ube nomsoco.
Abaqoqi bezimushini, abaqhuba "ukuzingela okuthulile," ngokuvamile babheka ngokucophelela ezinyaweni zabo, befuna inyamazane efunayo phakathi nohlaza. Kodwa-ke, amanye amakhowe akhetha ukukhula emagodini nasezimpandeni. Futhi phakathi kwamakhowe anjalo ungathola izibonelo ezihlwabusayo futhi ezimnandi ezifanele ukupheka izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Uma ungenayo ihlathi eligcwele amakhowe, ungazikhulisa ngokwakho, usebenzisa iziqu zomuthi osanda kunquma.
