Ngesikhathi sokunakekela izihlahla zezithelo, ukusika izihlahla kudla indima ebalulekile. Ukukhipha amagatsha abagulayo, ababuthakathaka nokuhlela ukukhanya kwelanga engxenyeni engaphakathi yensimu ngeke nje kudale umoya otholile, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekuvuneni okwenyukayo. Yingakho kufanele ukwazi ngazo zonke izinhlobo ze-nuance zokusika izihlahla, kodwa kulokhu sizoxoxa ngomuthi we-apula.
Kungani ngidinga ukusika izihlahla ze-apula
Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo emvelweni kuqala inqubo yemvelo yokuvuselela kwayo, ngakho-ke zonke izitshalo zikwazi ukuguqulwa, ukwehlukaniswa noma ukusika izihlahla. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene nezihlahla zezithelo, kulesi sikhathi ababekezelela kakhulu ukuphazamisa ubuqotho besakhiwo samagatsha abo kanye nesiqu. Noma kunjalo, ukuze wenze kahle le nqubo, kufanele ucabangele amanothi amaningi abalulekile, okuzoxoxwa kamuva. 
Kungani uphazamisa umjikelezo wempilo yemvelo futhi ususe noma yiziphi izingxenye zawo? Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula ngesikhathi esifanele kunomthelela ekubunjweni komqhele lapho kutholakala khona iphuzu eliphakeme legatsha eliqhubekayo lomqhubi ophakathi ngaphezu kwamagatsha onke esihlahleni. Ngakho, umqhele ungaqhubeka nokubunjwa kwawo okujwayelekile futhi ngeke ube mkhulu kakhulu.
Kanye namagatsha asezindaweni ezindala namaqhwa, ungakwazi ukususa wonke amakoloni ezinambuzane emthini wakho, ukunciphisa isidingo sokusebenzisa amakhambi amakhemikhali okulwa nawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zokuvuthwa emthonjeni wegatsha elikhanyiswe ilanga, ngenxa yalokho, kuyoba mkhulu futhi kunemibala emihle, enomqondo ophezulu ushukela kanye nendaba eyomile. Okusho ukuthi, uma ufuna ukuthola izitshalo ezivuthiwe nezivuthiwe zama-apula, khona-ke ukulungisa izihlahla ze-apula ngesikhathi esifudumele kudingekile.
Uma ufuna umuthi wakho we-apula ukuletha isivuno esikhulu, thola ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezinambuzane ze-apula.
Isikhathi esihle sokusika izihlahla
Abanini bezandla baphawula imigomo efanelekayo yokusika izihlahla ze-apula ukuqala kwentwasahlobo ngoba phakathi nalesi sikhathi umuthi uvusa ubuthongo futhi uphumule (ukugeleza kokushisa kuyashesha noma kungekho ngokuphelele). Ukushisa okufanelekayo kwenqubo kubhekwa njengengaphezu kuka -4 ° C (okujwayelekile ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi), kusukela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-fragility yesihlahla somuthi ikhula futhi kulula ukulimaza. 
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ze-Apple zibekezelela ngenqubo yokusika izihlahla, uma ngaphambi kokufika kwamaqhwa ebusika inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla yayiphathwa ngendlela efanele, ifakwe izakhi kanye nokuphuza kahle.Lapho izihlahla zihlahla izihlahla, ungakwazi ukususa zombili amahlumela abancane namancane amakhulu okuhlala noma amagatsha aqhwaqwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ngesikhathi sekwindla, ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ukuze ekugcineni udale imiqhele yabo, ngaphandle kokulimala, ukusika amahlumela amasha. Ngesikhathi sokusentwasahlobo, umphumela onjalo awukwazi ukufezwa, ngoba ngenxa yokushisa kwe-sap esebenzayo nokuqina kwegxolo, amagatsha angakwazi ukuphela (ahlaselwa yijusi egeleza emanqeni).
Abanye balimi bakha izihlahla ze-apula ehlobo, kodwa lokhu kuvunyelwe kuphela engxenyeni engenhla yomqhele, okuzosiza imisebe yelanga ithole isithelo. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ngisho nasebusika, lapho bephumula. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo zezulu, le nqubo ivinjelwe, ngoba phakathi kwamaqhwa amaqabunga amaqabunga ayaba kakhulu futhi ungalimaza kalula umuthi. 
Iqoqo lamathuluzi ensimu yokuhlahla izihlahla
Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ukuze ufeze izihlahla ezivuthiwe ezifanele, kubalulekile ukulungisa ithuluzi elikhethekile, okufanele libukhali ngokwanele (lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukusika izihlahla). Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuqoqa okunjalo kukhona ukusika izikebhe futhi ama-saws futhi ukukhethwa kwethuluzi elithile kuxhomeke ekubuneni kwamagatsha okufanele kususwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele usebenzise amathuluzi ngenqubo ye-ratchet, ngoba zonke izicucu kufanele zibhebhetheke kakhulu futhi zenziwe ngokunyakaza okukodwa. Futhi ayihambisani nomsebenzi onjalo kanye nesistimu ejwayelekile yemisebenzi yokwakha, ngoba ingabangela inombolo enkulu yomonakalo ongadingekile womshini.
Iqoqo elihle lapho ukusika izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo kuzoba saw special for amagatsha, nge-curvature encane epholile futhi ishidi elibhebhezela ekugcineni (abalimi be-novice bangakwazi ukubhekana nakho kalula).
Uma lesi sihlahla sikhulu kakhulu futhi kunzima ukufika emagatsheni aphezulu, umsiki we-shank uzokusiza ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ngalo, ungakwazi ukususa ngisho namagatsha angenakufinyeleleka, ngoba ama-shears akuyona into engeke yahlanganiswa ne-barbell eside (leyo ndlela isetshenziswa ngezindophi nemigodi). 
Kubalulekile! I-blade yanoma iyiphi ithuluzi kumele ihlanzeke ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokugqwala. Kungcono ukuphatha nge-antiseptic noma utshwala ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, okuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwezifo ezifungayo (uma kunokwenzeka, ukucwiliswa okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva komuthi ngamunye).
Ukwahlukana ekutsheni izihlahla zakudala nezinshukela ezincane
I-nuances yokusika izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo ixhomeke ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kodwa okokuqala, lapho ukhetha uhlelo oluthile lomsebenzi, kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuthi imuphi umuthi osemusha, othela noma osuvele esekhulile. Uma okokuqala, yonke imisebenzi ihlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo nokuthuthukiswa komuthi uqobo, uma ususa amagatsha ezitshalweni zakudala, uzokwazi ukuwavuselela ngokuphawulekayo, okuzokwenza isikhathi eside siphumelele inqubo yokuhluma.
Kunoma yikuphi, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, kubalulekile ukuqeda amahlumela amadala, amaqhwa, abagulayo nabomile.
Hlola izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zama-apula: ama-Uralets, i-safari ye-Pepin, uMengameli, uMnqamulajuqu, Ubuhle Bashkir, i-Berkutovskoe, Imali, i-Sun, i-Synaph yaseNyakatho, i-Candy, "Ranetki", "Semerenko", "Orlinka", "Orlovim", "Zvezdochka", "Kandil Orlovsky", "Papirovka", "Isikrini", "Antey", "Antonovka", "Uslada" ne "Melba".
I-Scheme izihlahla izihlahla ezincane
Ngesikhathi sokuqala ukutshala umuthi wesapple oneminyaka engu-1 ubudala ongabhalisiwe, kufanele uthathelwe kude ebangeni elingu-1 ukusuka enhlabathini, okuzoqinisekisa ukubunjwa okusheshayo kwamahlumela asetshenziswayo (kulo nyaka). Uma kunjalo, uma usuvele unomshini onomnyaka owodwa, kufanele ususe wonke amahlumela, ngenkathi ugcina ingxenye engu-70 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Phakathi kwamagatsha aphakeme aqoshiwe yilabo abakha i-angle enzima ne-trunk. Amahlumela asezingeni eliphezulu (cishe ngo-90 °) kufanele ancishiswe ku-buddha wesithathu noma yesihlanu.
Kubalulekile! I-angle yokuphunyuka ebanzi kusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo umuthi uzoba nomqhele oqinile, futhi isikhundla esinqunyiwe samagatsha sithembisa isivuno esivulekile.Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo eminyaka emibili yiziqu futhi amahlumela amaningana avela kuwo. Phakathi kwala makagatsha, udinga ukushiya ama-3-5 ezinhlobonhlobo ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu ezinama-wide, ezizobe ziba amagatsha amakhulu apula, kanti konke okumele kususwe ngokuphelele.
Umqhubi ophakathi uvame ukubunjwa ngaphezu kwezinso ezithuthukile, okuzovela khona ukudubula okuqondile (kufanele kube ama-4-5 amaqabunga ngaphezu kwamagatsha omzimba). Wonke amanye amagatsha anqunywe ukuze ama-lower ahlale asele (kuze kufinyelele ku-30 cm), futhi lawo amade abe mfushane. Yile ndlela indlela isisekelo esisemqoka somqhele oqinile nesigqamile somuthi we-apula omusha osungulwa ngayo.
Eminyakeni engu-3-5 eyalandela, izihlahla ezincane zingcono ukungathinti, ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka kube nokulibaziseka ku-fruiting. Ukungenelela okuncane kungavunyelwa uma kususwa amagatsha aphukile nezifo. Kudingeka zisuswe ngasese, futhi lapho kwenzeka ukuthi umuthi uqale ukukhula ngamandla, unganciphisa umqhubi ukuze amagatsha amagatsha angatholakali kakhulu (ungakhohlwa ukuthi kunoma yikuphi ukuhlala okuyisisekelo).
Ukuze uhlanganise umqhele oqondile womuthi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ngabalimi, ezinye izindlela zisetshenziswa: isibonelo, Ungashintsha isiqondiso somthambeko noma ukukhula kwegatsha. I-angle yegatsha ishintshwa ngokufaka isikhala phakathi kwegatsha nesiqu. Ungaphinda ubophe igatsha emgodini oqoshiwe emhlabathini, ulidonsa kusuka esisekelweni. Izindawo ezingenalutho zomqhele zigcwele ngokushintsha ukuqondiswa kokukhula kwamagatsha.
Funda futhi konke mayelana nokusika izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukusika izihlahla zezithelo
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo - umcimbi onesibopho wezihlahla ezithela izithelo, futhi uma uqala, usuvele wazi kusukela ezigabeni zangaphambilini. Izinhlobo ezide ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamafomu okugcwele we-fruiting cishe ngo-30-40 cm, kodwa ngaphandle kokusika izihlahla "eziqabulayo" minyaka yonke ngeke ziphele amandla njalo, futhi ukuvunwa kwezingxenye zangaphakathi zomqhele kuzoba ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi isihlahla sisakhula izithelo ezinhle, kodwa ama-increments asevele aqala ukwehla (mfushane ngo-20-25 cm) - yisikhathi sokusika. Okokuqala, amagatsha asuswa kuze kube yizinkuni ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, kanti-ke i-annuli endala, ebuthakathaka iyaqedwa (ayifuni ukukhiqiza izitshalo, kodwa idla izakhi eziningi).
Yiqiniso, amagatsha aqanda umqhele ayenqunywa ukususwa njalo, ngoba kubalulekile ukugcina ukukhanyisa okuhle nxazonke, okuzokwandisa ukukhula nokugqugquzela ukuhluma. Ezinhlobonhlobo zemifino ehlanganisiwe ezimpandeni ezikhula kancane, ihlumela ukukhula kuncishiswe ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukuze bakhulise ukukhula kwabo futhi bathole izithelo ezinkulu, ukusika izihlahla ze-apula okuvuselela kufanele kuqalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi baqhubeke nokusebenzisa uhlelo oluchazwe njalo.
Uyazi? E-Rus Rus, insimu yase-Edeni kuyo yonke imifanekiso yayimelelwa yizihlahla ze-apula kuphela, kusukela u-Adamu no-Eva bebethelwe izithelo zalesi sihlahla.
Ukudubula umuthi omdala we-apula
Ukusika izihlahla ezindala kunezici zayo. Iyenziwa ngezindlela eziningana, kodwa kunoma yikuphi okwamanje akudingekile ukunciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bomuthi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhumeni okukhulu, ngisho noma ubusika endaweni yakini bungekho obukhulu kakhulu.
Enye indlela yamagatsha okusika izihlahla ahlinzekela ukuncishiswa kwazo zonke iminyaka 2-3 ngehora lesishiyagalolunye (1-2 m), nokho, kunikezwa ukuthi i-fruiting yama-apula endala igxila kakhulu emkhakheni womqhele, ukukhwabanisa okunjalo kuyothinta kakhulu isivuno futhi kunciphise ubukhulu bomuthi. Udinga ukulungele ukuthi kuzothatha iminyaka engama-6-7 ukunciphisa amagatsha kusuka kumamitha angu-10 ukuya kwangu-3, futhi konke lokhu akufanele ulinde ukuvunwa okuningi.
Indlela yesibili yokusika izihlahla isekelwe ekunciphiseni amagatsha emasipha kanye nama-semi-skeletal ngezinkuni ezingu-3-4 ubudala. Lolu khetho lufanelekile ukusika izihlahla, lapho kungekho khona ukukhula kweminyaka engu-2-3. Ezitshalweni ezindala kakhulu, amagatsha emasipha kanye nama-semi-squelettes avame ukunciphisa izinkuni ezineminyaka emihlanu noma engu-10 ubudala, kanye namagatsha ezithelo ngaphezulu kwengxenye yobude bawo. 
Indlela yesithathu, efanelekile ukusika izihlahla ze-apula endala, ukufeza le nqubo ngezigaba eziningana (iminyaka). Ngaso sonke isikhathi, abalimi banquma ama-1-2 amagatsha angenalutho, okukhishwa kusengaphambili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqina komqhele kuyoncipha, futhi kuyo, ukugula, amagatsha aphukile kanye namafoloko abukhali azosuswa emthini.
Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuqothula kanje:
- Okokuqala, amahlumela asuswa emthonjeni wesihlahla futhi ekhula esihlahleni;
- khona-ke amagatsha akhula eqondiswa phansi ayanqunywa;
- ngokuqhubekayo, ukuqhuma okuqondiswa ku-trunk kususwe;
- Amagatsha ahlangene anqunywa;
- zonke izibonelo ezikhula eduze komunye nomunye zinqunywe (igatsha elithembisayo kakhulu kufanele lishiywe);
- amagatsha aphansi anqunywa emafolokheni;
- ukuhlanza amagatsha aphezulu.
Kubalulekile! Noma kunjalo, into esemqoka - Ungagcini amanxeba amaningi egatsha, ngoba uma umuthi ulahlekelwa okungaphezu kwesithathu okuphakanyisiwe, ungafa kalula noma ube nje umhlobiso wokuhlobisa e-dacha.
Imisebenzi yokuthutha okuthunyelwe
Ukuqaliswa ngokufanele kwenqubo yokusika izihlahla akuhlinzeki nje ngokunamathela ngokuqinile kuyo yonke imithetho yokukhishwa kwamagatsha ngama-apula aseminyakeni ehlukene, kodwa futhi nokugcwaliswa kwalolu hlelo esimweni ngasinye. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukusikeka kukhona amanxeba emzimbeni womuthi, ngakho-ke badinga ukucubungulwa ngokushesha. Njengoba "iodine" isetshenziselwa i-mastic ekhethekile yomsebenzi wegadi noma ingadi var. Uma ungenayo enye noma enye, ukudweba okuvamile kwamafutha kuyoba kufanelekile, okumele uqale ufake nge-fungicide (ithusi sulfate). Ngakho uvimbela ijusi eligelezayo, futhi umuthi uzokwazi ukuphumula ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa okunjalo kuzosiza ukuvikela isitshalo ezifweni ezihlukahlukene nezifo, okuvame ukungena emthini ngokunqunywa okusha. Igatsha elilodwa elithelelekile lingabhubhisa yonke i-apula, ngakho-ke ungabi nandaba ukuphatha lolu daba.
Uyazi? I-China ngumlimi we-apula ophezulu emhlabeni, olandelwa yi-United States. Ngendlela, imbali ye-apula yilona uphawu olusemthethweni lombuso waseMichigan.
Ukuhlelwa kwezihlahla ezinama-apula okufanelekile kuvumela abalimi ukuba baqondise ukuthuthukiswa komqhele ngendlela efanele, futhi ukwakheka kwawo okulungile ngeke nje kwenze insimu ibonakale ngokwengeziwe, kodwa futhi uvumele isivuno esihle futhi esihlwabusayo.
