Yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi

Ngomgadi wensimu kanye nomgadi wensimu, isici esibaluleke kunawo wonke yikhwalithi yomhlaba esakhiweni sakhe.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi zihlukaniswa izici ezilandelayo:

isakhiwo;
ikhono lokudlula umoya;
ukucacisa;
amandla okushisa;
ukuxhuma;
i-asidi;
ukugcwalisa ngezinto ezincane nezama-macro, eziphilayo.

Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwezitshalo zezinhlobo zezinhlabathi kanye nezici zazo kuzokuvumela ukuba ukhethe izitshalo ezifanele zokulima engadini, uthathe umquba kanye nokuhlela kahle izinhlelo ze-agrotechnology.

Okuqukethwe:

Loamy
Sandy
Sandy
I-Calcareous
Peat
I-Chernozems

Clayey

Leli zwe elinesisindo esiphakeme, isakhiwo esicacile, sinebumba elingafika ku-80%, lishisa kancane futhi lishiya amanzi. Ukudlula umoya okuphuthumayo, okunciphisa ukwehla kwezinto eziphilayo kuyo. Lapho kumile okumanzi, okunamathelayo, eplastiki. Kusuka kuwo, ungakwazi ukugoqa ibha 15-18 cm ubude, okuyinto ke kalula, ngaphandle kwemifantu, egoqwe ungene. Ngokuvamile inhlabathi yobumba iyamiswa. Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa izinkomba ze-agrotechnical zehlabathi zobumba ngezigaba, ngaphezu kwezinkathi eziningana.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze kusetshenziswe kangcono imibhede ezindaweni ezicacile, zakhiwa phezulu, imbewu ingcwatshwe phansi emhlabathini. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa, bemba emhlabathini, ungaqhekezi izimpande.

Lungiselela le mihlabathi ngokunikela:

lime ukunciphisa ama-asidi futhi uthuthukise i-aeration - 0.3-0.4 kg imitha ngayinye. m, eyenziwe ekwindla;
ishlabathi sokushintshaniswa okungcono kwamanzi, hhayi okungaphezu kuka-40 kg / imitha yesikwele;
ukunciphisa ukunciphisa inani labantu, ukwandisa ukuhleleka;
umlotha we-saturation ngamaminerali;
umquba, umquba ukuze ugcwalise izimpahla eziphilayo, 1.5-2 amabhakede ngomitha wesikwele. m ngonyaka.

I-Peat nomlotha banikela ngaphandle kwemingcele.

Loluhlobo lomhlabathi kufanele lukhululeke ngokucophelela futhi luboniswe ngokucophelela. Izitshalo zomsuka, izihlahla kanye nezihlahla ezinezimpande ezithuthukile zikhula kahle kakhulu enhlabathini yobumba.

Uyazi? Amagilebhisi avomvu ebangeni lobuchwepheshe "Merlot" ikhula kahle emhlabathini owodwa wobumba obumhlophe wasePomerol, esifundeni esincane kunazo zonke sewayini saseFrance, esifundazweni saseBordeaux.

Loamy

Ngaphandle nje kufana nobumba, kodwa ngezici ezinhle kakhulu kwezolimo. Loam, uma ufuna ukubona ngeso lengqondo lokho okuyiyo, ingumhlabathi, ongasungulwa futhi esimweni esimanzi emanzini bese ugoba ungene. Isampula yomhlabathi we-loamy ugcina umumo wayo, kodwa ushaya. Umbala we-loam uncike ekungcoleni futhi ungaba omnyama, ompunga, obomvu, obomvu nokuphuzi.

Ngenxa yobuningi be-acidity, ukubunjwa okulinganayo (ubumba - 10-30%, isihlabathi kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolile - 60-90%), i-loam iyakhula futhi iyonke indawo, efanelekile ekukhuleni cishe zonke izitshalo. Isakhiwo somhlabathi sibonakala ngesakhiwo esihlelekile, esikuvumela ukuba sihlale singekho, sidlule umoya kahle. Ngenxa yokuxubana kobumba lobumba kudala amanzi.

Ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqiza kwemithi:

i-mulching;
ukutshala izitshalo ngamanyolo;
isingeniso somquba ekwindla ekwindla.

Sandy

Umhlabathi okhanyayo, okhululekile, ogijima unesihlabathi ophezulu unesihlabathi, awugcini umswakama kanye nezakhi.

Izakhiwo ezinhle ze-sandstones zihlanganisa ukuphefumula okukhulu nokushisa okusheshayo. Kulo mhlaba ukhula kahle:

izithelo nezihlahla zeberry;
amagilebhisi;
ama-strawberries;
izaqathe;
anyanisi;
i-currant;
izitshalo zomndeni wempukane.

Ukwandisa isivuno ngaphansi kwesivuno kwenza ama-fertilizer e-organic and amaminerali.

Ukusikwa kungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izithasiselo ezithuthukisa i-viscosity:

i-peat;
i-humus;
ukubola kanye nofulawa obumba.

Kubalulekile! Ukusebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo "umanyolo ohlaza" - umquba ohlaza okwenyuka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezwe. Lezi yizitshalo ezihlwanyelwe esakhiweni, bese zimba, zishiya emhlabathini obumnyama kanye nezimpande. Izibonelo zezingcingo: i-clover, i-vetch, i-alfalfa, i-soya, i-sainfoin.

I-Sideration ithuthukisa isakhiwo somshini we-substrate futhi siyigcwalise ngezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa.

Ukuze ulondoloze izinsiza, kunenye indlela yokuhlela imibhede - inqaba yombumba.

Esikhundleni semibhede, kuthululwa ubumba lobumba obunama-5-6 cm, phezu kwawo okusetshenziselwa ungqimba lomhlaba ovundile - u-loam, umhlabathi omnyama, umhlabathi omhlabathi onesihlabathi, lapho izitshalo zihlwanyelwa khona. Ingqimba lobumba izothatha umswakama kanye nezakhi. Uma kungekho mhlaba ovundile wokuchitha imibhede, ungashintshwa nge-sandstone ethuthukisiwe exutshwe izithasiselo ze-viscosity nokuzala.

Sandy

Ukuze sinqume lolu hlobo lomhlabathi, sizama futhi ukwenza i-bagel emhlabathini omanzi. Umhlabathi we-Sandy ufinyelela ibhola, kodwa awusebenzi ukuqhubela ibha. Okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi kunamaphesenti angama-90, ubumba kuze kube ngu-20%. Esinye isibonelo salokho umhlabathi ongadingi ukubuyisela okungenani futhi okude. I-substrate ilula, ivuselela ngokushesha, igcina ukushisa kahle, umswakama kanye nodaba oluphilayo, kulula ukwenza kahle.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe zokutshala nokugcina ukuzala:

ukusetshenziswa kwesimiso samaminerali kanye nama-organic fertilizer;
i-mulching kanye nomquba ohlaza.

I-Calcareous

Imhlabathi yalezi zinhlobo ingaba yindlala futhi isindayo, ukungalungi kwayo yilokhu:

ububha - amazinga aphansi ezakhiwe;
i-acidity ephansi;
i-rockiness;
ukuma okusheshayo

Thuthukisa le nhlabathi:

isicelo somanyolo we-potash;
i-ammonium sulphate kanye ne-urea ukwandisa i-asidi;
i-mulching;
ukudlulisa;
ukusetshenziswa komquba eziphilayo.

Ukugcina umswakama, inhlabathi ebalalayo idinga ukukhululeka njalo.

Uyazi? Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zikhula emhlabathini we-calcareous we-Champagne "Sauvignon Blanc" futhi "Chardonnay", okuyinto eyenza iwayini elidumile emhlabeni odumile.

Peat

Le nhlabathi ine-asidi ephakeme, ifudumele kancane, ingaba yincipho.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulula ukuhlakulela. Ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo zomzimba nezomakhemikhali we-peat noma inhlabathi emhlabathini uvumela ukwethulwa kwe:

isanti, ufulawa lobumba - ekuvimbeleni ukwehlisa kwabo emhlabathini indawo yakhiwe ngokujulile;
Umquba ophilayo - umquba, i-slurry;
izithasiselo ze-microbiological - ukusheshisa ukwehla kwezindaba eziphilayo;
potassium phosphate umquba.

Ukutshala izihlahla zensimu ezikhiqizwa emgodini nge-loam noma enye inhlabathi evundile.

I-currant, ugqumugqumu, intaba ye-mountain ash, kanye ne-strawberry iveza isivuno esikhulu emhlabathini.

I-Chernozems

Zibhekwa njengezinkomba zensimu yazo zendawo. Isakhiwo se-lumpy-grainy esisheshayo. Long ugcine umswakama. I-fertile kakhulu, iqukethe ama-humus amaningi namaminerali, kodwa idinga ukusetshenziswa okulungile: