Iyini i-asidi yenhlabathi engadini yayo, hhayi bonke abanini bomhlaba abazi. Abaningi balahlekile lapho bebona isifingqo esingenakuqondakalayo se-pH namanani amanani emva kwayo emaphaketheni wezingxube zesitolo. Nakuba empeleni yilona ulwazi olubaluleke kunazo zonke ngenhlangano yokuhlwanyela okunempilo kanye nokubikezela kwezitshalo esizayo. Sizochaza ukuthi singanquma kanjani ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi yenzani ngokuzimela, nokuthi izimpawu zalezi zinkomba zithinta kanjani izitshalo zensimu.
Ubuningi be-acid nenani laso
Ikhono lomhlaba lokukhombisa izimpawu zokuba ne-acids njengengxenye yalo libizwa ngokuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi. Eminikelweni yesayensi kunolwazi lokuthi oxidation ye-substrate ikhuthazwa i-hydrogen ne-aluminium ions.
Uyazi? Izwe elibaluleke kunazo zonke elihlabayo lihlala ku-11% wekhwama lomhlaba wonke.
Ezolimo, ukusabela kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kunomthelela oqondile ezingeni lokugaya izakhi ngamasimu amasiko. I-phosphorus, i-manganese, i-iron, i-boron ne-zinc ifakwe kahle emvelweni we-acidic. Kodwa nge-oxidation enkulu noma i-alkalininity ezitshalweni kuyobanjwa ukuthuthukiswa okungavinjelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yemiphumela eyingozi yezinga eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphezulu le-pH.
Esikhathini ngasinye isiko kukhona imingcele ethile ye-acidity, nakuba, ngokuvumelana nama-agronomists, iningi lezilimo zezitshalo nezensimu zikhetha imvelo encane noma engekho emhlabathinilapho izinga le-pH li-5-7.
Umanyolo uphinde uthinte inhlabathi ye-acidity. I-Superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate nosawoti we-potassium ingenza i-acidify iphakathi. Nciphise i-acidity - i-calcium ne-nitrate ye-nitrate. I-Carbamide (urea), i-nitroammophoska ne-nitrate ye-potassium inezici ezingathathi hlangothi.
Ukufaka umanyolo okungalungile kwenhlabathi kungabangela ukuguqulwa okunamandla kwe-asidi kwesinye isiqondiso noma okunye, okuzolimaza kakhulu izimila zemifula.
Uma umhlaba uvinjelwe kakhulu, i-protoplasm izoba nomthelela omubi ezingxenyeni ezivundile zomhlabathi, izicucu ezakhiwa izakhi ngeke zikwazi ukungena ezimpandeni zemifino futhi zizobhekana nesisombululo se-aluminium ne-salts ensimbi.
Ngenxa yalolu chungechunge lwe-physicochemical reaction reaction, i-phosphoric acid izoba ifomu elingenasici, isebenzisa umuthi onobuhlungu ezitshalweni zezitshalo.
Uyazi? Esesisipuni esisodwa somhlaba siphila ezincane ezincane njengoba kunabantu emhlabeni wonke.Ukushintshwa kwe-pH eya ohlangothini lwe-alkaline kungathandeki kakhulu. Odokotela bachaza leli qiniso ngekhono lesisitshalo sesitshalo sokukhulisa i-carbon dioxide, ezimweni ezingavamile ukuvimbela ukungcola ngokweqile kwe-acid ephilayo.
Yingakho izinguquko ezibukhali enhlabathini ye-asidi ayikwazi ukuvunyelwa, futhi ama-substrate oxidiziwe ayanconywa ukuba angenele nge-fluff njalo eminyakeni engu-3-5.
Indlela yokuchaza ngayo
I-Agronomists mhlawumbe bayakwazi ukucacisa i-acidity yenhlabathi; ekhaya batusa ukusebenzisa amadivaysi okulinganisa akhethekile noma ukusebenzisa "izindlela ezindala". Sizoqonda ngokuvumelana nalokho okukhethwa kukho okukhethwa kukho.
Ulwazi olunembile nangokwethenjelwa mayelana nesimo se-asidi ensimu abalimi abathola kusuka kumamitha we-pH. Lokhu kuyisidingo esikhethekile lapho izinga le-asidi eliboniswa kwisisombululo somhlabathi lilinganiswa.
Le ndlela ayinakwenzeka, ngoba amanzi kuphela ahlanzekile kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuchithwa ngezandla zomhlaba, futhi kunconywa ukuthi kukhishwe isampula esincane ukusuka ku-6 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba komphumela kuzodingeka kuhlolwe cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zensimu ngezikhathi ezingaba ngu-30 cm.
Kubalulekile! Zonke izinhlobo iklabishi, anyanisi kanye negalikhi, beet bakhetha inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Kodwa amazambane, isitshalo seqanda, i-peas, ukhukhamba kanye ne-zucchini Yenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni eziyingozi. I-medium ekahle ne-pH ephansi (acidic) kuyoba yitamatisi, izaqathe namathanga.Enye indlela yokunquma ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi ingakanani ukusebenzisa izinkomba ezikhethekile. Nakuba ezinkampanini ezinkulu zezolimo aziqapheli ukuhlolwa okunjalo ngenxa yamaphutha amakhulu, futhi abanikazi beziqephu ezincane zasendlini bathi amadivaysi anjalo afaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya.
Ngokuvamile, i-litmus, i-phenolphthalein ne-methyl orange isetshenziselwa ukuhlola isisombululo somhlabathi. Ukushintsha kombala wezinto ezivivinyayo kubonisa imvelo esebenzayo.
Kodwa uma ungenayo imitha ekhethekile ye-acidity yomhlabathi, ungabheka ukusabela kwe-pH ngosizo lwezinto ezikhona. Kulokhu kunamakhono amaningi athandwayo. Okujwayelekile kakhulu futhi okungabizi kubo kubonisa ukuhlolwa usebenzisa uviniga.
Uzodinga umhlaba omncane omusha kanye namaconsi ambalwa oketshezi ukuze uhlole. Uma umphumela wenhlanganisela yalezi zakhi kuzoba ukuxoshwa nokuqhuma, i-substrate engadini yakho i-alkaline (pH ngaphezulu kwe-7). Ukungabikho kwalezi zimpawu kubonisa ukuthi imvelo iyasebenza.
Kubalulekile! Uma ushintsha kakhulu i-acidity ye-substrate, ikhono lama-salti lokuqothula nokumunca kwezimpande zezinyosi kuzotshintsha. Isibonelo, i-nitrogen ayifinyeleleki kwezitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi zikhula kabi futhi zife.Abanye balimi babelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho mayelana nendlela yokuhlola ubuhle be-asidi enhlabathini ekhaya ngosizo lweklabishi ebomvu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaqabunga asemifinini aphehliwe futhi acindezelwe kuwo, bese engeza utshwala obuthakathaka.
Ukuhlola kwenziwa ekwenzeni inhlabathi ehlungiwe lapho kusetshenziselwa khona amanzi kuphela. Uma umhloli eshintshile umbala wakhe kunombala obomvu kakhulu - umhlaba unomsoco, uma uphendulela okwesibhakabhaka noma uphenduka obomvu - i-substrate medium i-alkaline.
Indlela yesibili "indlela endala" inquma ukusabela kwe-asidi ye-pH nge-infusion yamaqabunga ama-green currant. Ngesigamu ilitha lamanzi abilayo kuyodinga izicucu ezingu-9. Uma uketshezi lukhulile, cwilisa kancane kancane i-substrate esisha kuyo bese uxuba kahle. Uketshezi olubomvu luyisibonakaliso semvelo enomsoco, ama-bluish shades abonisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwawo, futhi ithoni eluhlaza kubonisa inhlabathi encane.
Kubalulekile! Enhlabathini ene-acid reaction pH ye-6-7, izimo ezihle zokuthuthukiswa kwama-bacteria, okuphakathi kwawo okukhona ama-pathogens amaningi, akhiwa.
Ukulungiswa kwe-acidity yehlabathi
Izici zamakhemikhali ezemvelo zokubunjwa kwenhlabathi - lokhu akusho umusho wensimu. Phela, ukusabela kwe-asidi ye-substrate kulula ukuyilungisa.
Ukukhuthaza
Uma isayithi lihlelelwe ukutshala umjunipha, i-ash ash, i-cranberry, i-blueberry ne-blueberry, ekhetha ama-substrate amakhulu, futhi ukuhlolwa kuboniswe imvelo ye-alkaline, kuzodingeka ukwandise ukuphendula kwe-pH. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele uthele indawo oyifunayo ngesisombululo esikhethekile se-60 g we-oxalic acid noma i-citric acid nama-10 amalitha amanzi.
Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, imitha elilodwa lesikwele kuzodingeka uthele ibhakede lensiza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-asidi ingashintshwa nge-vinegar etafuleni noma i-apula cider uviniga. I-100 g yanele ukuthulula ibhakede lamanzi ayishumi. Isibabule sinikeza nemiphumela emihle ku-oxidation yendawo (70 g) kanye ne-Peat (1.5 kg) kuzodingeka ngamamitha ayi-square.
Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo kulezi zinhloso zisebenzisa i-electrolyte entsha yebhethri. Kodwa bayavuma ukuthi ngokujwayelekile indlela ngokuvamile ayiniki imiphumela ekulindelekile, njengoba kunzima kakhulu ukubala inani elidingekayo liketshezi. Ochwepheshe bacabangela le ndlela ukuthi iphumelele futhi uqaphele ukuthi ukuze uyisebenzise, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olunembile mayelana nezinga le-pH embhedeni. Ngakho-ke, ekhaya kungcono ukusebenzisa ezinye ubuchwepheshe.
Uyazi? Phakathi nosuku insimu ingahle ilahlekelwe yi-5 cm yebhola elingaphezulu lomhlaba. Lokhu kwenzeka njengomphumela wesimo sezulu.
Downgrade
Ama-apula, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, i-turnips, i-parsley, anyanisi ne-asparagus, izindawo ezidingekayo nge-acidity neutral ziyadingeka. Uma ungatholakalanga lokho okusesendlini yakho, zama ukuxoshelwa i-substrate.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umsila womhlabathi. Kuye ngokuphendula kwe-acid ngayinye imitha yesigcawu semifino yemifino, kusuka ku-150 kuya ku- 300 g we-fluff yengezwe. Uma izimali zingatholakali, ungaphinde usakaze uhlaka oludala, ufulawa wama dolomite, uthuli lwomsila emhlabathini.
Ama-Agronomists aneluleka ngesilwane esibucayi se-sandy futhi ehamba ngokufaka isandla kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-40 kg wezinto ezihamba ngamamitha ayizi-square eziyi-100. Ukuze kuhlungwe izitshalo ze-horticultural, i-liming yenziwe ekwindla ngesikhathi sokulima isayithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuphinda inqubo njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ukuhlelwa kwesimo se-acidity
Kwenzeka ukuthi izincomo ezichazwe ngokulungiswa kokuphendula kwe-acid aziletha umphumela olindelekile. Abaholi be-agronomists bachaza lokhu ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-asidi kanye ne-ejenti yokulungisa engalungile. Cabanga ngesikhashana inhlabathi ye-acidity ngezigaba.
Kubalulekile! Ukuketshezi kwenhlabathi kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ezindaweni lapho imvula eminingi iwela khona ngonyaka. Emasimini kuphawulwe i-leaching eqinile ye-calcium, ukulahleka okungenzeka futhi ngokuvuna okukhulu.
Jikelele (okwenzekayo)
Ezincwadini ezikhethekile kukhona ulwazi mayelana namanje, okungenzeka, ukushintshaniswa kanye ne-hydrolytic acidity. Ngokuhumusha kwesayensi, i-asilic acidity isho ukuphendula kwesisombululo somhlaba esekelwe emanzini aphikisiwe.
Ngokwenza njalo, ukulungiswa kwesisombululo kwenzeka ngesilinganiso se-2.5: 1, futhi esimweni se-peat bogs, isilinganiso sesilinganiso siya ku-1:25. Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa umphumela nge-pH ka-7, umhlabathi engadini awuhambisani, wonke amamaki angaphansi kwe-7 akhombisa acidic, nangaphezulu kwe-7 alkaline medium.
I-acidity yekhava eliqinile lomhlabathi ikhombisa amanani we-pH angenzeka. Lezi zimingcele zikhombisa imiphumela yamanzi, okufaka isandla ekuxazulweni kwesisombululo somhlabathi.
Ukushintshaniswa kwezinqubo phakathi kwamakhemikhali e-hydrogen ne-aluminium kubangela ukusabela kwe-acid exchange. Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthi ezindaweni ezivame ukucwiliswa ngezinto eziphilayo, lezi zibalo zibangelwa ama-H, futhi ezindaweni lapho umquba uthola khona, isithombe se-Al-ions sivela.
I-Hydrolytic acidity inqunywa yi-H-ions, edlulisa oketshezi ngenkathi kusabela isisombululo somhlaba kanye nosawoti we-alkaline.
Uyazi? Ezingxenyeni eziphakathi, inhlabathi evundile inhlabathi i-2 cm nje kuphela. Kodwa ukuze uyenze, kuzothatha cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. Futhi ukwakha ibhola elingamamitha angu-20 kuzothatha iminyaka eyi-1 eyinkulungwane.
Ngohlobo lomhlabathi
I-acidity yenhlabathi ayithinteki nje kuphela ngezinto zangaphandle, kuhlanganise nokubunjwa kwamakhemikhali. Ochwepheshe bathi:
- Izindawo ze-podzolic zine-pH ephansi (4.5-5.5);
- ama-peatlands - oxidiwe kakhulu (pH 3.4-4.4);
- ezindaweni ezimanzi kanye nasezindaweni zamagesi azo amanzi aphikisiwe kakhulu (pH 3);
- izingxenye ze-coniferous, njenge-rule, acidic (pH 3.7-4.2);
- emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, umhlaba nge-acidity ephakathi (pH 4.6-6);
- emahlathini amancane ahambisa kancane acidic (pH 5);
- emhlabathini we-steppe kancane acidic (pH 5.5-6);
- ku-cenoses, lapho izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-steppe zikhula khona, kukhona i-acidity ebuthakathaka futhi engathathi hlangothi.
Ngezitshalo
Ukhula olulandelayo luyisibonakaliso esiqinisekisiwe senhlabathi ye-asidi: inambuzane, i-horsetail, ivan da Marya, i-plantain, i-sorrel, i-heather, i-butterfly, i-pike, i-berrycot, i-oxalis, i-sphagnum ne-mosses eluhlaza, i-belous ne-pikulnik.
Hlwanyela inhlanyelo ungomunye wokhula ohlala njalo, uLontrel oyosiza ukulwa. Kodwa ungasheshi ukulibhubhisa, ngoba libuye libe nezinto eziwusizo.
Ama-alkaline sites akhethwe yi-macamosey, i-white nap, isardard yesinkwa ne-larkspur.
Emazweni ane-acidity neutral, hlwaya i-thistle, i-field bindweed, i-clover emhlophe ne-adonis iyajwayelekile.
Kubalulekile! Uma izinga le-pH 4 - inhlabathi lendawo liqinile kakhulu; kusuka ku-4 ukuya ku-5 - i-asidi ephakathi; kusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-6 - i-weakly acid; kusuka ku-6.5 ukuya ku-7 - ukungathathi hlangothi; kusuka ku-7 ukuya ku-8 - i-alkaline encane; kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-8.5 - i-alkaline ephakathi; okungaphezu kuka-8.5 - okunamandla kakhulu.
Njengoba ufunde indlela yokunquma ubuhle be-acid enhlabathini e-dacha, futhi kungani kuyadingeka, ungakwazi ukuhlela kalula ukushintshanisa kwezitshalo futhi ukwandise isivuno sezitshalo zakho.
