Izimpunga ziyisihlahla esiqabulayo noma umuthi ophansi ovela emndenini weSumakhov. Ikhula endaweni eshisayo ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala ngaphansi kwamagama athi "umuthi wesikhumba", "isikhuphasha", "umuthi obhemayo", "isihlahla sokubhema." Kuyisitha sokuhlobisa kahle esinamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu onsomi nama-inflorescence anamafu. Emazweni amaningi, i-scumbia ikhula ngezinga elikhulu, hhayi kuphela ngokutshala ingadi, kodwa futhi neyamadayi, asetshenziselwa ukufaka amabala izicubu nesikhumba.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IMackerel isihlahla noma isihlahla esinomqhele osakazwayo 1.5,5 m ukuphakama futhi sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Umjikelezo waso wokuphila yiminyaka engama-45-100. Amahlumela egatsha lesitshalo avela emhlabathini futhi ambozwe ngegxolo elibomvu obomvana noma mpunga, eliqhuma ngamapuleti amancanyana njengoba likhula. Uma kulinyaziwe, ujusi we-milky uthunyelwa.
Umqhele obukhulu be-Shirokooovalny uqukethe amaqabunga ayindilinga noma okusaqanda kuma-petioles amade. Ziyakhula futhi. Ipuleti leshidi elicwebezelayo linemiphetho eqinile noma evalekile kancane. Ubude bamahlamvu buba cm 5-8.Upendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, okuthi ekwindla kushintshe kube ophuzi, orenji, onsomi noma onsomi.
NgoMeyi-Juni ngonyaka odlule amagatsha aqhakaza ama-inflorescence amaningi afinyelela ku-30 cm ubude. Anesimo sokuthuthumela futhi anezimbali ezincane kakhulu eziluhlaza ophuzi. ICorolla iqukethe amacembe amafushane angaphansi afakiwe futhi nesixha sombhalo omude omncane. Izimbali ezibuna zithathelwa indawo ngama-pedicel abanzi we-fleecy, aqhubeka nokukhula ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuqedwa kwezimbali sekuqediwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, isihlahla sonke simbozwe ifu elinombala ompunga obukeka buhlobisa kakhulu. NgoJulayi-Agasti, izithelo ezincane zivuthwa - ama-oblong drupes. Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu esimnyama futhi cishe azinasipidi.
Izinhlobo zeSkumpy
Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyi-7 ezibhalisiwe kuhlobo lwe-Skumpiya, kepha zingu-2 kuphela ezisetshenziswa emasikweni. Abafuyi balala izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezingeke zishiye abalimi benganaki.
Isikhumba mackerel (ezejwayelekile). Isihlahla esihlotshisiwe sivela emhlabathini uqobo si-1.5-3 m ukuphakama sakha umqhele obukhulu obukhulu. Amahlumela embozwe ngegrey screy bark. Iziqu zonyaka owodwa zinombala oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu. Phezu kwamaqabunga ayindilinga ejwayelekile, iphethini yemithambo iyabonakala. NgoMeyi-Juni, ama-inflorescence aqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane ezinamabala, apendwe ngombala ophuzi noma oluhlaza okotshani. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali zibune, ama-panicles aluhlaza ayelulwa futhi athole umbala opinki. Izithelo zivuthwa ngokushesha kubo - amaconsi amancane e-obovate ngaphandle kwe-pulp. Izinhlobo:
- ILady Lady - isihlahlana esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo sikhula ngo-1.5-4 m ukuphakama, ama-inflorescence awo ajika abe luhlaza kuqala, bese ephenduka ukhilimu nopinki;
- I-Royal Purple iyisihlahlana esiphansi, esikhula kancane kancane esinomqhele oyindilinga namaqabunga amakhulu asivele apendwe obomvu ngombala ehlobo, futhi ngokuwa kwawo kube mnyama, aqhakaze ama-inflorescence abomvu aluhlaza;
- I-Rubifolius iyinhlobonhlobo ethanda ukushisa i-3-5 m ukuphakama ngamahlamvu e-oval e-lilac-ons;
- UGrace - izihlahla ezikhula ngokushesha ezi-3-5 m zichitha amaqabunga e-oval athambile, apendwe ehlobo onsomi futhi ekwindla zibomvu.
Ama-mumps aseMelika (i-obovate). Isihlahla esikhulayo esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 simboziwe sakhiwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza obomvu oyindilinga aze afinyelela ku-12 cm. NgoJuni-Julayi umbozwe ngezinto eziningi ezingatheni, kodwa ezihlobisa kakhulu ama-inflorescence. Isitshalo simelana kahle nesithwathwa.
Ukuzala
I-Mackerel isatshalaliswa yimbewu nange-vegetatively. Imbewu kumele ilungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, aqala ukukhubazeka ngokucwiliswa kwisisombululo se-sulfuric acid imizuzu eminingana. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-stratation ebandayo yenziwa izinyanga ezingama-2-3 ekushiseni kwe + 3 ... + 5 ° C. Umuntu angenza ngokuhlukana okukodwa, kepha isikhathi sayo sikhuphukela ezinyangeni ezi-6.
Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, izilimo zikhiqizwa entwasahlobo ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa ama-grooves ngokujula kwama-1.5-2 cm. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kuvela izithombo, cishe u-50% wembewu iqhuma. Izithombo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele ngendlela yokutshala ejwayelekile nokunisela okulinganiselayo.
Lapho kusetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kokutshala okwenziwa ngemifino, kusetshenziselwa ukusika okuluhlaza nokubekwa. Izimbumbulu ezinamaqabunga angama-2-3 ngoMeyi-Julayi zisikiwe futhi zimanziswe amahora amaningi kusisombululo se- "Kornevin", bese zitshalwa esitsheni esinomhlabathi wegadi ovulekile futhi umbozwe nge-cap. I-Shelter isuswa nsuku zonke futhi i-condensate isuswe. Nisela izingcezu ukuze ukhule kahle ezindleleni. Izimpande zizovela emavikini angama-2-3, kepha kuvela kuphela ingxenye yezihlahla ezigcwele ngokugcwele.
Iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu le-rooting linikeza ukuhlelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, entwasahlobo, amagxolo amahlumela aphansi agobekayo avele kancane futhi aqondiswe egatsheni eliseduze nomhlabathi. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kwakheka izimpande eziqinile, igatsha linganqunywa futhi litshalwe ngokuhlukile.
Cishe njalo ngonyaka, izinqubo ze-basal zakheka phansi kwesitshalo esidala. Entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, zigaywa ngokucophelela bese zitshalelwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
IMackerel itshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nomoya oqinile womoya. Ukuncipha kancani phakathi nosuku kuvunyelwe. Umhlabathi kumele ukhululeke futhi ukhululwe kahle. Ukusondela kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kuyinto engathandeki. Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi ngokungathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline, sikhula kahle kwizinhlaka zenhlabathi nenhlabathi. I-lime egayiwe ifakwa enhlabathini ene-acidic, kanti yona enesisindo esimbi ibunjwe ngotshani.
Ukutshala i-scoopia kuhlelwa maphakathi nentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukujwayela ngaphambi kwesithwathwa. Ngesikhathi senqubo, bazama ukungalimazi umhlaba. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ihlale ngaphezulu. Ibanga elinconyiwe phakathi kwezihlahla ekutshaleni iqembu lisuka ku-1.5-2 m. Lapho seliphothuliwe konke ukukhohlisa, izithombo ziniselwa kakhulu.
Vele, i-skumpiya ngeke ikwenze ngaphandle kokushiya, kepha umphathi wensimu ngeke alethe ubunzima obuningi. Ukunisela izihlahla kufanele kube okulinganiselayo futhi kuphela esomeni eside. Abawuthandi umhlabathi omanzi kakhulu. Ngemvula ejwayelekile, ukunisela okungaphezulu akudingekile.
Inhlabathi evundile ngokulinganiselwe iyancamela i-skumpia, ngakho-ke ayidingi ukwenziwa umquba ojwayelekile. Kwanele ukugcoba umhlaba ngomquba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Emhlabathini ompofu izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesizini, umhlaba uniselwa ngomanyolo onamaminerali. Kuyadingeka ukukhulula umhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze wephule ukugqwala obukhulu phezu kobuso. Masishane ngemuva kokutshala, kuyasiza ukucija umbuthano wesiqu nge-peat.
Ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlobisa, izihlahla zidinga ukuthenwa njalo. Entwasahlobo, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kuyenziwa bese amahlumela omile futhi aqandisiwe asuswe. Amabhasi amadala avuselela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika imifino cishe ngokuphelele entwasahlobo, ushiye iziqu ezincane eduze komhlaba. Maduze nje, amahlumela amasha akha isigqoko esihle.
Ukushisa ubusika ezimweni ezinesimo sezulu esivamile kuvame ukubekezelelwa kahle. Ukulindela ubusika obungenanjongo eqhweni, kulungiselelwe okuthile. Izitshalo ezisencane nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa ezithanda ukushisa zimbozwe ngezinto ezingasokiwe, kanti inhlabathi engaphansi kwesiqu sesembozo imbozwe ngamagatsha we-peat, amahlamvu kanye ne-spruce. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukususa indawo yokukhosela nokusakaza iqhwa.
Izimpumputhe ziqhakaza ukungatheleleki okuhle nokumelana nezinambuzane. Kuqabukela kakhulu ukuthi ibhungane lamaqabunga kanye nama-sumpida amaqabunga esithelo ahlala kuwo. Bangashabalaliswa ngokushesha ngama-insecticides anamuhla.
Sebenzisa
Ngenxa yama-inflorescence anamafu namahlamvu okuhlobisa, i-scoopia iyisimenywa esivunyiwe kunoma iyiphi ingadi. Kusetshenziswa izihlahla ezinkulu ezitshalwe zodwa phakathi nensimu noma endaweni ezungeze indawo. Amabhishi aphansi alungele ukudala uthango. Kwesinye isikhathi zitshalwa ezindaweni zokudwala noma kusihlanganisi. Ama-inflorescence angomiswa futhi asetshenziselwe ukwenza amalungiselelo ezimbali.
Isitshalo siqukethe inani elikhulu lama-tannin, ama-flavonoid, ama-tannins, uwoyela obalulekile nama-organic acid. Kushiya amahlamvu namahlumela. Ngaphandle, kusetshenziswa i-decoction ngohlobo lwama-lotions, ama-compress kanye nokugeza ukwelapha ukucasulwa kwesikhumba, izilonda nezilonda. Rinsing umlomo kunciphisa isifo sezinsini, ukopha, ne-periodontitis kanye ne-gingivitis. Ngaphakathi, i-decoction ithathwa ukudambisa lesi simo nge-pneumonia, ukucasuka kwamathumbu nobuthi.
