UMelissa ngumuthi ongapheli onephunga elimnandi namaqabunga athambile. Ungowomndeni iLamiaceae futhi ujabule e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Lesi sitshalo esidabukisayo singatshalwa engadini noma ebhodweni elincane efasiteleni ukuze uzijabulise ngezikhathi ezithile ngeti elimnandi noma isithando sezitsha ezahlukahlukene. Isengezo esisha selamula sihamba kahle nenyama, inhlanzi nemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lemon balm isetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokwelapha futhi ithathwa njengesitshalo soju esihle. Phakathi kwabantu, amanye amagama ayefakwe kuwo: iqhawe, uju, utshwala bukamama, iminti yelamula. Yize lokhu kokugcina kungalungile ngokuphelele, lezi zitshalo ezimbili zingezizukulwane ezihlukile zomndeni owodwa.
Incazelo yeBotanical
UMelissa ungumbala obabayo onezimbali ezinesihlungu kakhulu nesiqu. Ukudubula okunesikwele esingunxantathu esigabeni ukuphakama kungakhula kusuka ku-60 cm kuya ku-1,2 m. Wona, njengamaqabunga, unombala oluhlaza ogqamile kanye ne-pubescence engavamile. Amaqabunga e-oval noma e-ovoid aphikisayo anendawo ephezulu. Ziboshwe ngemisebe yemithambo. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe noma ahlanganisiwe, bese kuthi ukuphela kube sekude.
NgoJulayi-Agasti, kusukela onyakeni wesibili wokuphila, ama-inflorescences amancane ama-umbellate aqala ukuvela emaphethelweni amahlumela, atholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga. Ziqukethe ama-corollas amancane amancane anama-petals amhlophe noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imbali inesymmetrical, enamaphilisi amancane aphansi. Kulesi sikhungo kukhona ama-stamens ama-4 okuyiwona kuphela okuyi-pistil ende ne-ovary ephezulu.
Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka enyangeni ngemuva kokucoliswa. Zisesimweni se-nati enembewu emine. Isithelo esakheke ngeqanda sinendawo emnyama ecwebezelayo. Ukuhluma kuthatha iminyaka emi-3. 1 g imbewu iqukethe cishe 1600 imbewu.
UMelissa unephunga elimnandi lomlingiswa. Okujabulisa kakhulu futhi okukhulu okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqala kokuqhakaza, khona-ke ukuqina kuncipha. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali ziphele, iphunga lingabuye lixwaye.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo
Uhlobo oluhlangene kakhulu lwamafutha olamula lunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezi-5 kuphela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emasikweni UMelissa officinalis. Lokhu okuhlala isikhathi eside kukhula kube ngama-30-120 cm ukuphakama. Inesiqu esihlotshisiwe esinenqwaba engandile ye-glandular. NgoJuni-Agasti, ama-inflorescence amise okwendandatho avela ku-6-12 efihlekile. Imbali ngayinye inombala onsomi omhlophe noma onsomi. Amahlamvu wesitshalo yi-ovate. Zibonakaliswa ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile.
Phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ze-melissa zivamile:
- Quadrille - amaqabunga aluhlaza akhulisiwe asayizi aphakathi avale okuphekiwe, okuphezulu kuhlotshiswe ngokukhanyayo kwe-lilac inflorescences.
- Ukutsha - isitshalo esifinyelela ku-60 cm ubude sinamaqabunga aluhlaza ophakathi nendawo nezimbali ezimhlophe ngombala onephunga le-ulamula;
- Iparele - amahlumela anamagatsha aqhakaza angama-80-110 cm ukuphakama ambozwe kakhulu ngamaqabunga aluhlaza amakamfushane amnyama anendawo eshwabeneyo;
- Igolide elimsulwa - izihlahla ezigqinsiwe ezingagxiliwe ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakaza ziqhakaza ngezimbali ezimhlophe, ezigcina ziba nsomi okhanyayo.
Imithetho yokuzalanisa
UMelissa ukhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, futhi futhi usakazwa ngezindlela zemifino. Kwesinye isikhathi bajwayeza ukutshala ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo kuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lungiselela amabhokisi enhlabathi engadini evulekile. Bazama ukusabalalisa izinto ezincane zokutshala ngokulinganayo nangokukhudlwana ngangokunokwenzeka ebusweni (kufika ku-5 mm ukujula). Kungcono ukumboza isitsha ngefilimu ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. I-Condensate kufanele isuswe nsuku zonke futhi inhlabathi kufanele ifafazwe.
Amahlumela avela ngokuthula zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-20. Njengoba zikhula, ziyanqunywa ukuze ibanga lingama-5 cm. Izithombo zidinga ukukhanyiswa okuqinile, ngakho-ke zibekwa efasiteleni eliseningizimu nasempumalanga noma zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-backlight. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, imbiza iyenziwa ngaphandle. Emavikini langu-2-2 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, umuthi kalamula ufakwa isisombululo esibuthakathaka somanyolo we-nitrogen. Lapho usufinyelela ukuphakama okungu-10-15 cm, phina amahlumela.
Isihlahla esikhulu esineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala ingahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Benza lokhu ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ekugcineni kwezimbali. Lesi sitshalo kufanele simbiwe ngokuphelele, sikhululwe ekhondweni lobumba bese lisikwa ngesigaxa esicijile ukuze kube ukwahlukana okulinganayo. Ngamunye kufanele aqukethe amahlumela angama-4-5 aqinile nengxenye ye-rhizome. Izithombo eziphumayo zisatshalaliswa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo. Bazivumelanisa nezimo futhi baqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo.
Amahlumela aluhlaza we-lime balm ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo angasika. Kufanele babe nezinduku ezi-3-4 namahlamvu aphilile. Okokuqala, ukusikwa kubekwa emanzini. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 ngokuvela kwezimpande ezincane, zisatshalaliswa enhlabathini yezakhi ezikhululekile. Inqubo yonke yokuzivumelanisa nayo ithatha amasonto angama-3-4.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
UMelissa angabizwa ngokuthi onesidina, noma isitshalo esinenkani, esidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Kwenye indawo, isihlahla singakhula iminyaka eyishumi, kodwa kancane kancane ukubukeka kwaso kuqale ukuwohloka futhi ukumelana nomkhuhlane nezifo kunciphe. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwenziwa kakade kusukela ngonyaka wesithupha wokuphila. Umsebenzi wokutshala kufanele wenziwe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho isimo sezulu esibandayo sesidlulile, ngoba izitshalo ezincane zizwela kakhulu kuzo.
Ngotshani kalamula, khetha ukukhanya okwanele, kepha kuvikelwe ezindaweni ezinomoya obandayo. Inhlabathi evundile yezakhi ezinokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi noma okune-acid kufanelekile. UMelissa ukhula kahle ku-loam naku-sandy loam. Inhlabathi iyagcotshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izigaxa ezinkulu ziphukile, futhi izimpande nokhula nazo ziyasuswa. Isihlabathi somfula, izitini eziphukile noma itshe elichotshoziwe liyengezwa emhlabathini osindayo. UMelissa ukhula ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe ngu-25-30 cm (ngezinhlobo eziphakeme ezingama-40 cm noma ngaphezulu).
Izinhlobo zabantu abadala azidingi ukunakekelwa, ngoba zihlukaniswa ukukhuthazela okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, uzodinga ukunaka njalo isitshalo. Esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo, ukuthambisa amanzi amaningi kuyadingeka, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi ezimpandeni. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyakhululwa bese bezama ukususa ukhula ngokushesha. Ukuze inhlabathi ingathathwa yi-crust, eduze kwezitshalo kufakwe kuyo izithombo kufinyelela ku-5 cm.
Lapho nje amahlumela aqala ukuqhakaza, avuna. Imvamisa, yonke imifino inqunywa ibe ngu-10 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje zingakhiqiza izitshalo ezifika ezine ngesizini.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokunqunqulwa, ziphekelwa ngama-liquid mineral complexes (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride). Musa ukufaka umanyolo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Kuyasiza ngezikhathi ezithile ukusebenzisa i-organics.
UMelissa akamelani neqhwa. Uma kukhona isembozo seqhwa esanele, akesabi noma yikuphi ukubanda, kodwa uma kungalindelwe iqhwa, inhlabathi ezimpandeni ifakwe ngamahlamvu awile. Ngokuguga (kusuka eminyakeni engu-6 ubudala), ubulukhuni busika buyehla kancane kancane, okungaholela ekuqandeni izitshalo.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izinambuzane nezifo zezitshalo azesabi i-melissa. Uma izinambuzane zihlala emagatsheni, ungazama ukuzikhipha ngesixazululo sensipho nokugeza eshaweni eshisayo. Lapho usebenzisa ama-insecticides, isivuno esivuniwe asikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengokudla.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo kanye ne-contraindication
Umuthi wokugcwala ulamula noma utshani kalamula uqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenzayo:
- uwoyela obalulekile;
- flavonoids;
- ama-tannins;
- ama-coumarins;
- ukulandelela izinto;
- ama-macrocell;
- amavithamini;
- ama-saponins;
- iziqu.
Ingxenye yomhlaba yesitshalo isetshenziswa njengezinto zokwelapha ezingavuthiwe. Umile ngaphansi kwe-canopy futhi ichotshoziwe. Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, i-decoction, itiye, uwoyela obalulekile, utshwala kanye ne-infusions yamanzi asetshenziswa.
Izidakamizwa zinomphumela wokuvusa amandla Adambisa imisipha, afaka isandla ekwelapheni ukuqwasha, futhi abe ne-choleretic, i-diuretic ne-carminative, he hentatic, imiphumela yokupholisa. Itiye elinamaqabunga anamakha anciphisa umfutho wegazi, ibambezela ukuphefumula, inwebise ulwelwesi olungaphakathi lwesitho sokugaya ukudla futhi ikhulule ukwethuka kwezinzwa.
Kwabesifazane, i-lemon balm ilusizo ikakhulukazi, ngoba iguqula imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini futhi isiza izinhlungu, isetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukuvuvukala kwama-appendages nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lesi sitshalo siqeda i-toxicosis.
Phakathi kokuphambana, okubaluleke kakhulu kukhona umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokungezwani komzimba. Akufanele usebenzise kabi i-lemon balm kubantu abadinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe emsebenzini. Uma kwenzeka kuba ne-overdose, ukuhlaselwa isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukozela, uhudo kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha kungenzeka.
